Peltigeraceae

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Peltigeraceae
Peltigera canina Huopanahkajakala C V08 H4107.jpg
Peltigera canina is the type species of genus Peltigera
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Peltigeraceae
Dumort. (1822)
Type genus
Peltigera
Willd. (1787)
Subfamilies

Lobarioideae
Nephromatoideae
Peltigeroideae

Synonyms [1]

The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.

Contents

Taxonomy

The family Peltigeraceae was circumscribed by Belgian botanist Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1822. [2] Using a temporal approach that uses time-calibrated chronograms to identify and define temporal bands for comparable ordinal and family ranks in the Lecanoromycetes, the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae were synonymized with Peltigeraceae in 2018. [3] In a later critical review of the use of this method for the biological classification of lichens, Robert Lücking considered this merge justified based on several characteristics shared by all three groups. These include "the leathery structure of their usually large and conspicuous thalli, apothecial morphology and anatomy, ascus and ascospore type, and the fact that tripartite thalli or photosymbiodemes involving green algae and cyanobacteria are common". [4] The proposed synonymy was also accepted in a 2020 review of fungal classification. [1]

Since the two synonymized families have been widely used, and have been accepted previously as phylogenetically distinct clades within older families, Lumbsch and Leavitt proposed the following subfamilies of Peltigeraceae, which "allows recognition of these well-established and monophyletic clades while avoiding confusion due to incomparable ranks of clades." [5]

Lobarioideae Lumbsch & S.D.Leav. (2019)
Nephromatoideae Lumbsch & S.D.Leav. (2019)

According to Lumbsch and Leavitt, Peltigeroideae becomes an available name that could be used to include the Peltigeraceae sensu stricto. [5]

Genera

A 2020 estimate placed 15 genera and about 600 species in the Peltigeraceae, [1] but two new monotypic genera have since been added to the family. [6] [7]

Uses

Many species of Peltigeraceae have been used in studies on environmental pollution and have been utilized as indicator species for pollution, woodland management, and ecological continuity.

Conservation

As of March 2022, Peltigeraceae species that have been assessed for the global IUCN Red List are all from the genus Sticta : S. deyana (critically endangered, 2020); [17] S. carolinensis (vulnerable, 2020); [18] S. alpinotropica (endangered, 2017); [19] and S. fragilinata (endangered, 2020). [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parmeliaceae</span> Family of lichens

The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia, Usnea, Parmotrema, and Hypotrachyna.

<i>Lobaria</i> Genus of lichens

Lobaria is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gyalectales</span> Order of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 15 genera and about 550 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baeomycetales</span> Order of fungi

The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.

<i>Sticta</i> Genus of lichens

Sticta is a genus of lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical areas, and includes about 114 species. These lichens have a leafy appearance, and are colored brown or black. Sticta species with cyanobacteria as photobionts can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, and due to their relative abundance and high turnover, they contribute appreciably to the rainforest ecosystem. They are commonly called spotted felt lichens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctomiaceae</span> Family of lichens

The Arctomiaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota, class Baeomycetales. The family was named by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861, with Arctomia as the type genus. Species in this family are found in arctic and subarctic habitats, usually associated with bryophytes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trichotheliaceae</span> Family of fungi

Trichotheliaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Gyalectales. The family was circumscribed by Friedrich von Schilling and Friedrich August Georg Bitter in 1927.

Helge Thorsten Lumbsch is a German-born lichenologist living in the United States. His research interests include the phylogeny, taxonomy, and phylogeography of lichen-forming fungi; lichen diversity; lichen chemistry and chemotaxonomy. He is the Associate Curator and Head of Cryptogams and Chair of the Department of Botany at the Field Museum of Natural History.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trapeliaceae</span> Family of lichens in the order Baeomycetales

Trapeliaceae is a family of lichens in the order Baeomycetales. The family contains 12 genera and about 125 species.

<i>Lobariella</i> Genus of lichens

Lobariella is a genus of lichens belonging to the family Peltigeraceae.

Sticta harrisii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in Puerto Rico, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Joel Mercado‐Díaz, Bibiana Moncada, and Robert Lücking The type specimen was collected by the first author in El Yunque National Forest. The lichen is only known to occur in high-elevation forests at this location and also in Carite State Forest, where it typically grows as an epiphyte on Heterotrichum cymosum, Cecropia schreberian, vines, ferns, and occasionally on rocks. The specific epithet harrisii honours lichenologist Richard C. Harris, "who prepared the first formal taxonomic treatment of lichens for the island and the first key to species of Sticta in Puerto Rico".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massalongiaceae</span> Genus of lichens

Massalongiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It has three genera and seven species.

Yoshimuriella is a genus of foliose (leafy) lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. It has nine species.

<i>Crocodia</i> Genus of fungi

Crocodia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. It has eight species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species occur in temperate and tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The main characteristics of the genus that separate it from its parent genus, Pseudocyphellaria, include a yellow medulla and yellow pseudocyphellae on the lower thallus surface.

<i>Dendriscosticta</i> Genus of lichens

Dendriscosticta is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by lichenologists Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking with Dendriscosticta wrightii assigned as the type species. The genus, a segregate of Sticta, was created to contain species in the Sticta wrightii clade. Dendriscosticta has a sister taxon relationship with the genera Yoshimuriella and Lobariella. Dendriscosticta is distinguished from Sticta by the presence of algae in the excipulum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Collematineae</span> Suborder of fungi

The Collematineae are an suborder of rust fungi in the order of Peltigerales in the class Lecanoromycetes.

Sticta brevior is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in the Colombian Andes.

Sticta lumbschiana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in the Colombian Andes.

Sticta macrocyphellata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in the Colombian Andes.

<i>Lobariella pallida</i> Species of lichen

Lobariella pallida is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It was first formally described in 1822 by English botanist William Jackson Hooker, as a member of the genus Sticta. Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking transferred it to the genus Lobariella in 2011. The lichen occurs in páramo regions of Central and South America, where it grows on twigs and thin stems of shrubs and small trees. It is the most common species in its genus. Although it typically grows in association with other lichens, its quite loose attachment to its substrate means it does not take up much surface space.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . S2CID   218933904.
  2. ↑ Dumortier, B.C. (1822). Commentationes botanicae (in French). Vol. 1822. Tournay: C. Casterman-Dieu. pp. 68, 78. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10534.
  3. ↑ Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
  4. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID   202859785.
  5. 1 2 Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Leavitt, Steven D. (2019). "Introduction of subfamily names for four clades in Cladoniaceae and Peltigeraceae (Lecanoromycetes)". Mycotaxon. 134 (2): 271–273. doi: 10.5248/134.271 . S2CID   199630053.
  6. 1 2 Simon, Antoine; Lücking, Robert; Moncada, Bibiana; Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Bungartz, Frank; da Silva Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia; Gumboski, Emerson Luiz; de Azevedo Martins, Suzana Maria; Spielmann, Adriano; Parker, Dinah; Goffinet, Bernard (2020). "Emmanuelia, a new genus of lobarioid lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota: Peltigerales): phylogeny and synopsis of accepted species". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (1): 76–94. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0004 .
  7. 1 2 Stone, Daphne F.; McCune, Bruce; Pardo-De la Hoz, Carlos J.; Magain, Nicolas; Miadlikowska, Jolanta (2021). "Sinuicella denisonii, a new genus and species in the Peltigeraceae from western North America". The Lichenologist. 53 (2): 185–192. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000584. hdl: 2268/260843 . S2CID   232271452.
  8. 1 2 Moncada, Bibiana; Lücking, Robert; Betancourt Macuase, Luisa (2013). "Phylogeny of the Lobariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales), with a reappraisal of the genus Lobariella". Lichenologist. 45 (2): 203–263. doi: 10.1017/S0024282912000825 . S2CID   86082520.
  9. ↑ Clements, F.E. (1909). The Genera of Fungi. Pennsylvania: H. W. Wilson Company. pp. 82, 175.
  10. ↑ Vainio, E.A. (1890). "Étude sur la classification naturelle et la morphologie des Lichens du Brésil. Pars prima". Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 7 (1): 182.
  11. ↑ De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito". Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Italian). 2 (1): 174–224 [178].
  12. ↑ Galloway, David John (2015). "Contributions to a history of New Zealand lichenology 5*. James Murray (1923–1961)". Phytotaxa. 198 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.198.1.1. ISSN   1179-3163.
  13. ↑ Luyken, Johann Albert (1809). Tentamen Historiae Lichenum in Genere, cui Accedunt Primae Lineae Distributionis Novae (in Latin). Gottingen: Typis Henrici Dieterich. p. 92.
  14. ↑ Willdenow, C.L. von (1787). Florae Berolinensis Prodromus (in Latin). Berlin: Impensis Wilhelmi Viewegii. p. 347.
  15. ↑ Acharius, E. (1808). "Förteckning på de i Sverige våxande arter af Lafvarnas Familj". Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar (in Latin). 29: 228–237.
  16. ↑ Lendemer, J. (22 July 2020). "Sticta deyana". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  17. ↑ Lendemer, J. (1 August 2020). "Sticta deyana". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  18. ↑ Thor, G.; Aptroot, A. (30 August 2017). "Sticta alpinotropica". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  19. ↑ Lendemer, J. (15 July 2020). "Sticta fragilinata". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
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