Convoy HX 156

Last updated
Convoy HX.156
Part of World War II
Date22 October 1941-5 November 1941
Location
Belligerents
War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg  Kriegsmarine Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy
Flag of the United States Navy (official).svg  United States Navy
Commanders and leaders
Admiral Karl Dönitz Rear-Admiral E W Leir DSO
Strength
52 merchant ships
16 escorts
Casualties and losses
1 ship sunk

Convoy HX 156 was the 156th of the numbered series of World War II HX convoys of merchant ships from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Liverpool. [1] Forty-three ships departed Halifax on 22 October 1941, [1] and were met two days later by United States Navy Task Unit 4.1.3 consisting of Gleaves-class destroyer Niblack, Clemson-class destroyer Reuben James, Wickes-class destroyer Tarbell, and Benson-class destroyers Benson and Hilary P. Jones. [2]

Contents

The Action

USS Reuben James was the only loss from convoy HX 156 Dd245reubenjames.jpg
USS Reuben James was the only loss from convoy HX 156

31 October 1941

The German submarine U-552 sighted the convoy at dawn on 31 October 1941, and torpedoed Reuben James as the destroyer approached to investigate the Huff-Duff bearing of the sighting report. [3] A torpedo struck the port side and detonated the forward magazine. [3] The hull aft of the third stack remained afloat for 5 minutes; and 44 men were rescued from the crew of 159. [3]

Reuben James was the first United States warship sunk during World War II. [4] U-552 was driven off by the escort; but U-567 found the convoy that afternoon.

1 November 1941

Task Unit 4.1.3 handed the convoy off to the British 6th Escort Group on 1 November 1941.
U-552 and U-567 made two unsuccessful torpedo attacks on 1 November and maintained contact with the convoy through 3 November. [2] Empire Foam launched her Hawker Sea Hurricane to intercept a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor aircraft, which it chased off. The Hurricane pilot was rescued by HMS Broke after ditching his aircraft. [5] [6] The convoy reached Liverpool on 5 November. [1]

Ships in the convoy

These ships were members of Convoy HX 156. [7]

NameFlagTonnage (GRT) Notes
Alchiba (1920)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 4,427Iceland
Ancylus (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,017Oil tanker. Onward To N Russia
Anna Knudsen (1931)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,057
Arabian Prince (1936)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,9604 Passengers
Athelvictor (1941)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,410
Benmacdhui (1911)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,869
Brabant (1938)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2,4832 Passengers
Bralanta (1936)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,608
British Governor (1926)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,840Scapa Flow
Cape Breton (1940)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,044
Charlbury (1940)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4,836
Chepo (1919)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 5,707Returned, See Convoy HX 158
Clan Macquarrie (1913)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,471
Comanchee (1936)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,837
Delilian (1923)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,423
Edam (1921)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 8,87127 Passengers
Eidanger (1938)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,432
El Capitan (1917)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 5,255Onward To N Russia
El Estero (1920)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 4,219
Empire Confidence (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 5,02312 Passengers
Empire Day (1941)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,242 CAM ship
Empire Foam (1941)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,047 CAM ship
Empire Rainbow (1941)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 6,942 CAM ship
Empire Tern (1919)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 2,479
Gallia (1939)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,974
Ganymedes (1917)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 2,682
Gudrun Maersk (1937)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 2,294Iceland to Belfast
K G Meldahl (1938)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3,799
Kollbjorg (1937)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 8,259
Leiv Eiriksson I (1936)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,952Ex-Iceland
Leonatus (1938)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 2,242
Lewant (1930)Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1,9422 Passengers
Maihar (1917)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,5631 Passenger
Markhor (1929)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,917
Mergus (1906)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1,368Iceland to Clyde
Munin (1899)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 1,285Iceland To Clyde
Nestor (1913)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 14,629197 Passengers
Norefjord (1920)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3,082
O A Knudsen (1938)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 11,007
Polar Chief (1897)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,040
Prince De Liege (1938)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2,588
Prins Willem Van Oranje (1938)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1,303
San Alvaro (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,3854 Passengers
San Arcadio (1935)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 7,4191 Passenger
San Emiliano (1939)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8,0714 Passengers
Sandanger (1938)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,432
Skaraas (1936)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 9,826
Sourabaya (1915)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 10,10728 Passengers
Stanlake (1923)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,742Possibly joined this convoy
Svanholm (1922)Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,321
Troubadour (1920)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 5,8086 Passengers
HMCS Annapolis (I04) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Canadian Navy Escort 22 – 24 Oct, Destroyer
USS Alchiba (AKA-6) (1939)Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States 6,198to Reykjavik, Armed 'Attack cargo ship'
USS Benson (DD-421) Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States Navy Escort 24 Oct – 1 Nov, Destroyer
USS Hilary P. Jones (DD-427) Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States Navy Escort 24 Oct – 1 Nov, Destroyer
USS Niblack (DD-424) Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States Navy Escort 24 Oct – 1 Nov, Destroyer
USS Reuben James (DD-245) Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States Navy Escort 24 Oct, sunk by U-552 on 31 Oct 41 (prior to US declaration of war)
USS Tarbell (DD-142) Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States Navy Escort 24 Oct – 1 Nov, Destroyer
HMS Verity (D63) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 31 Oct – 4 Nov, Destroyer
HMS Wolverine (D78) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 31 Oct – 4 Nov, Destroyer
HMS Camellia (K31) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 31 Oct – 4 Nov, Corvette
HMS Larkspur (K82) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 31 Oct – 5 Nov, Corvette
HNoMS Montbretia Flag of Norway, state.svg  Royal Norwegian Navy Escort 31 Oct – 5 Nov, Corvette
HNoMS Eglantine Flag of Norway, state.svg  Royal Norwegian Navy Escort 1 – 5 Nov, Corvette
HMS Broke (D83) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 1 – 4 Nov, Flotilla leader
HMS Buxton (H96) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 1 – 4 Nov, Destroyer
HMS Begonia (K66) Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 1 – 4 Nov, Corvette
HMT King SolNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy Escort 1 Nov, Trawler

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Hague 2000 p.127
  2. 1 2 Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.94
  3. 1 2 3 Morison 1975 p.94
  4. Silverstone 1968 p.9
  5. Wise, James E. Jr. (1974). "Catapult Off – Parachute Back". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. pp. 70–77.
  6. Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. p. 79. ISBN   1-55750-019-3.
  7. "Convoy HX.156". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 20 October 2013.

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References