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| Coprosma rotundifolia | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Coprosma |
| Species: | C. rotundifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Coprosma rotundifolia | |
Coprosma rotundifolia is a native forest shrub of New Zealand found on the North, South, and Stewart Islands.
Coprosma rotundifolia can grow to a large bushy shrub of up to 6 metres (20 ft) tall. It has small, wide-angled divaricated branches. The branches bear small, tapered leaves 15–25 millimetres (0.59–0.98 in) to 10–20 millimetres (0.39–0.79 in) that end in a sharp tip. The leaves are opposite each other. At the base of the leaf, the stalk is subtended by a small, tooth-like stipule that is blunt and rounded at the base.
The leaves are mainly pale green, often with purple blotches, and covered in short to long soft hairs, particularly on the edges of the leaf. The lamina is very thin with veins that are visible on both sides of the leaf. Domatia are present on the surface of leaves between veins, on the midrib, and near the edges on the underside of the leaf.
It produces orange to red fruit. This fruit is about 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in) in diameter and grows on short branches separate from other branches supporting foliage. Flowers occur in clusters between September and November.
The Maori name for the small-leaved, divaricating forms of coprosma is mikimiki. [1] The word Coprosma originates from the Greek kopros meaning "dung" and osme meaning "odour", because some Coprosma species smell like dung. The word rotundifolia originates from two Latin words: rotundus meaning "round" and folium meaning "leaf". [2]
C. rotundifolia is one of about 60 species of Coprosma found in New Zealand in the North Island from Kaitaia south, and throughout the South and Stewart Islands.
It occurs from lowland to montane habitats, particularly in alluvial soils and damp lowland forests. [3] It is most common in riparian forest and scrubland. It has also been planted as a horticultural plant and may be encountered in a wide range of habitats. [4] Plants are hardy, fast-growing and low-maintenance, but require winter pruning. Typically, they are found in ornamental gardens for their unique form. [3]
It grows best in moist, well-drained, fertile soil. The plant also thrives in soils with higher calcium carbonate levels, such as a soil which is limestone rich.
C. rotundifolia produces flowers between September and November in axillary clusters of 2–4. Female and male flowers are produced on separate trees.
Male flowers do not have a calyx. The corolla is funnel-shaped, with the lobes widest at the base and ovate with a sharp tip furthest from the tube.
The fruit is orange to red. Fruits are a globe-shaped drupe formed on short branches 4–5 mm in diameter. The fruit contains two seeds. These are predominantly dispersed by birds that eat the fruit. [3] [4] The seeds germinate in favourable conditions such as soils with higher levels of calcium carbonate, and can grow up to a small tree. [3]
C. rotundifolia is currently not classified as threatened. Common herbivores include introduced grazers such as possums, rats, deer and goats. Other pests include foliage invertebrates and leaf pathogens.
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit. The antonym of deciduous in the botanical sense is evergreen.
Aristotelia serrata, commonly known as wineberry or in the Māori language makomako or just mako, is a small tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae, in the genus Aristotelia, found in the North Island, South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand.
Coprosma robusta, commonly known as karamu, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It can survive in many climates, but is most commonly found in coastal areas, lowland forests, or shrublands. Karamu can grow to be around 6 meters tall, and grow leaves up to 12 centimeters long. Karamu is used for a variety of purposes in human culture. The fruit that karamu produces can be eaten, and the shoots of karamu are sometimes used for medical purposes.
Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands.
Fuchsia excorticata, commonly known as tree fuchsia, New Zealand fuchsia and by its Māori name kōtukutuku, is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the family Onagraceae. It is commonly found throughout New Zealand and as far south as the Auckland Islands. It grows from sea level up to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft), particularly alongside creeks and rivers. It is easily recognised in its native environment by the characteristic appearance of its bark, which peels spontaneously, hanging in red papery strips to show a pale bark underneath. Its scientific name, excorticata, reflects this distinctive property.
Beilschmiedia tarairi, commonly called taraire, is a tree of the family Lauraceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It is a common canopy tree in lowland forests north of Auckland, often growing in association with kauri, pohutukawa, tawapou, and puriri on basalt rocks and soils. Beilschmiedia is a genus of about 40 mainly tropical trees and shrubs with alternate to opposite leaves.
Entelea arborescens or whau is a species of malvaceous tree endemic to New Zealand. E. arborescens is the only species in the genus Entelea. A shrub or small tree to 6 m with large lime-like leaves giving a tropical appearance, whau grows in low forest along the coast of the North Island and the northern tip of the South Island. The dry fruit capsules are very distinctly brown and covered with spines. The common name whau is a Māori word that appears to derive from the common Polynesian word for hibiscus, other malvaceous trees which whau superficially resembles. Alternate names include 'New Zealand mulberry', 'corkwood' and 'evergreen lime'.
Coprosma repens is a species of flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Coprosma, in the family Rubiaceae, native to New Zealand. Common names include taupata, tree bedstraw, mirror bush, looking-glass bush, New Zealand laurel and shiny leaf.
Coprosma rhamnoides is an endemic shrub in New Zealand. It forms a small shrub up to 2 m tall. The leaves are very small, simple and variable in shape. The inconspicuous flowers are unisexual and believed to be wind pollinated. It is widespread in occurrence and can be the dominant small leaved divaricating shrub in some locations
Myrsine australis, commonly known as red matipo, māpou, māpau, tīpau, and mataira, is a species of shrub within the family Myrsinaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand, found throughout both the mainland and offshore islands.
Coprosma propinqua is a New Zealand plant of the genus Coprosma in the family Rubiaceae. Its Māori name is mingimingi, a name which is also applied to closely related species such as C. dumosa, C. rhamnoides, C. virescens and C. crassifolia. It is a small-leaved shrub or tree which grows 3 to 6 metres high. It has divaricating branches, and is common in swampy forest, in scrub, along stream banks and in stony places. It has a wide distribution, ranging from Mangonui in the North Island as far south as Stewart Island. It grows from sea level to 460 metres.
Rubus cissoides, commonly called bush lawyer or tātarāmoa, taraheke, taramoa, tātaraheke in Māori, is a scrambling vine native to New Zealand.
Coprosma nitida, the mountain currant or shining currant, is a shrub species endemic to south-east Australia. It is a shrub with small, glossy leaves, occasional spines on the end of its branchlets, and small bright red-orange fruits.
The Pseudowintera axillaris is a shrub like tree, endemic to New Zealand. They are members of the Winterace family and are known for their peppery taste, and glossy green leaves.
Olearia asterotricha, commonly known as rough daisy-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. A tall shrub with white, mauve or blue daisy like flowers growing from the Blue Mountains in New South Wales to western Victoria, Australia.
Hakea cucullata, commonly known as hood-leaved hakea, cup hakea or scallop hakea, is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. An attractive shrub with unusual distinctive foliage and beautiful large pink, red or deep purple scented flowers.
Corokia cotoneaster is a flowering plant in the family Argophyllaceae. Which was described by Étienne Fiacre Louis Raoul in 1846. Usually, this plant is known by the name wire-netting bush, korokio / korokia-tarango. The word "Koriko" comes from the Māori language.
Coprosma virescens is an endemic New Zealand plant in the genus Coprosma of the family Rubiaceae. Its Māori name is mingimingi, a name which is also applied to closely related species such as C. dumosa, C. rhamnoides, C. propinqua and C. crassifolia. It is a small-leaved shrub or tree which grows 2 to 3 metres high. It has very slender, more or less glabrous divaricating branches. The small leaves are petiolate with petioles from 2mm to 5mm long. The leaves narrow suddenly at the petiole and may be up to 9 millimetres (0.35 in) long and 6 millimetres (0.24 in) wide with wavy margins or a few blunt teeth throughout South Island in lower montane forest and scrubland. The apetalous male flowers occur in axillary clusters of one to two on very short branches. Female flowers are found on their own at the ends of short branchlets.
Kunzea linearis, also known by the Maori name rawiri manuka, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It is a densely-foliaged shrub or small tree, characterised by very narrow leaves and clusters of small white flowers with five petals and a large number of stamens, which are longer than the petals. It grows in the north of the North Island and is the most distinctive of the New Zealand kunzeas.
Dracophyllum ophioliticum, commonly known as asbestos inaka and asbestos turpentine tree, is a species of shrub in the family Ericaceae. It grows into a sprawling decumbent shrub, reaching heights of 30 - 200 cm tall and flowers from January to March, producing small white flowers and later tiny light brown fruit. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found only in north-west Nelson in the Kahurangi National Park, growing only on serpentinite-asbestos clay loam. It was first described by Stephanus Venter in 2002 and genetically sequenced in 2010 when it was placed in the subgenus Oreothamnus.