Coryciinae

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Coryciinae
Corycium orobanchoides(9).jpg
Corycium orobanchoides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Orchideae
Subtribe: Coryciinae
Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 288. 21 Feb (1881).
Genera

Coryciinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. Genera Orchidacearum, which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimits Coryciinae as consisting of five genera: Disperis , Evotella , Ceratandra , Pterygodium , and Corycium , and it places Coryciinae in the mostly African tribe Diseae, along with four other subtribes: Brownleeinae, Huttonaeinae, Disinae, and Satyriinae. [1] The genera of Coryciinae are small to medium in size and the number of species in each genus is as follows: Disperis (78), Pterygodium (19), Corycium (15), Ceratandra (6), and Evotella (1). [2]

Contents

Coryciinae was covered, along with the rest of the tribe Diseae, in volume 2 of Genera Orchidacearum, which was published in 2001. Molecular phylogenetic studies published after 2001 showed that Disperis is most closely related to Brownleea , rather than to the other genera of Coryciinae. They also showed that the tribe Diseae is paraphyletic over the tribe Orchideae. [3] The smaller version of Coryciinae, with Disperis excluded, is known as Coryciinae sensu stricto, and has 41 species. All are from southern Africa except Pterygodium ukingense , which is from Tanzania. Most are from the Cape Floristic Region. There is a second center of diversity in the Drakensberg. Coryciinae s.s. is distinct and supported by five morphological characters. [3]

In the classification for orchids that was published by Chase et alii in 2015, Disperis was transferred to the subtribe Brownleeinae and the tribe Orchideae was expanded to include the former Diseae, with Coryciinae as one of its subtribes. [2]

Coryciinae is monophyletic and consists of two strongly supported clades. One clade consists of Pterygodium alatum , Corycium carnosum , Evotella, and Ceratandra. The other clade consists of species of Pterygodium and Corycium, with Corycium nested within Pterygodium.

Coryciinae orchids secrete oil from a lip appendage on their flowers, and pollination occurs when female Rediviva bees (Melittidae) collect the oil, probably for use as a larval provision (Pauw 2006; fig. 1A). As with other orchids, pollen is placed onto precise locations on the body of the pollinator in packages called pollinaria (Pauw 2006; fig. 1B). The oil-secreting lineages of Coryciinae are largely endemic to South Africa, with two centers of diversity: a summer-rainfall area centered in the Drakensberg range and a winter-rainfall area in the Western Cape province and Namaqualand (Linder and Kurzweil 1999).

The subtribe Coryciinae was erected by George Bentham in 1881, [4] [5] in preparation for the publication of a new classification of orchids in the 1883 edition of Genera Plantarum (Bentham & Hooker). [6] Using the suffixes of that time for taxonomic rank, he called it subtribe "Corycieae" of his now obsolete tribe Ophrydeae.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae</span>

The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in his Genera Plantarum in 1789. Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids. (See External links below). The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by John Lindley, who recognized four subfamilies. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. The next important step was taken by George Bentham with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. This classification was first presented in a paper that Bentham read to the Royal Society in 1881. Then it was published in 1883 in the final volume of Genera Plantarum. The next great contributors were Pfitzer (1887), Schlechter (1926), Mansfeld (1937), Dressler and Dodson (1960), Garay (1960, 1972), Vermeulen (1966), again Dressler (1981). and Burns-Balogh and Funk (1986). Dressler's 1993 book had considerable influence on later work.

<i>Disa</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants belonging to the orchid family

Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orchidoideae</span> Subfamily of orchids

The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) that contains around 3630 species. Species typically have a single (monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanilloideae</span> Subfamily of orchids

Vanilloideae is one of the subfamilies of orchids belonging to the large family Orchidaceae.

<i>Coelia</i> Genus of orchids

Coelia is a genus of orchids. It had previously been tentatively classified as the only genus of the subtribe Coeliinae of the tribe Epidendreae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adrorhizinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Adrorhizinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Vandeae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arethuseae</span> Tribe of orchids

Arethuseae is a mid-sized tribe of orchids in the subfamily Epidendroideae. This tribe was initially categorized by John Lindley in 1840. Its largest subtribes are Arethusinae and Coelogyninae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bletiinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Bletiinae is a small-sized subtribe of orchids in the tribe Epidendreae of the subfamily Epidendroideae.

<i>Disperis</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the orchid family

Disperis is a genus of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has about 78 species. Most of the species are from tropical and southern Africa, as well as Indian Ocean islands. A few are native to the tropical or the warmer subtropical regions of Asia and Malesia.

<i>Brownleea</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the orchid family

Brownleea is a genus of flowering plants from the family Orchidaceae native to Africa and Madagascar. Eight species are known.

  1. Brownleea coeruleaHarv. ex Lindl.
  2. Brownleea galpiniiBolus
  3. Brownleea graminicolaMcMurtry
  4. Brownleea macrocerasSond.
  5. Brownleea maculataP.J.Cribb
  6. Brownleea mulanjiensisH.P.Linder
  7. Brownleea parvifloraHarv. ex Lindl.
  8. Brownleea recurvataSond.
<i>Discyphus</i> Genus of orchids

Discyphus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is the only genus in the subtribe Discyphinae of the tribe Cranichideae. It contains only one currently recognized species, Discyphus scopulariae, with two accepted varieties:

<i>Pachites</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the orchid family

Pachites is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa. One of these, Pachites appressus, is very rare.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brownleeinae</span> Subtribe of plants

Brownleeinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Orchideae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angraecinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Angraecinae is a subtribe in the family Orchidaceae. The subtribe consists of approximately 47 genera. The type genus is Angraecum. Most of the genera are endemic to Africa, Madagascar and other Indian Ocean Islands, a few genera can also be found in the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eriinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

The Eriinae form a subtribe of Podochileae, a tribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the genus Eria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orchideae</span> Tribe of orchids

Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some phylogenetic studies have established the monophyly of the subtribes, the generic boundaries are unclear, with many genera as traditionally circumscribed being paraphyletic or even polyphyletic. Species of genera such as Habenaria and Platanthera have been placed into both subtribes. A 2017 molecular phylogenetic study found that both subtribes did form clades, but did not formally recognize Habenariinae, because of missing genera and uncertainty over generic boundaries. The Asian species of Orchideae, in particular, have been subject to repeated changes of generic placement from 2012 onwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diseae</span> Tribe of orchids

Diseae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae. It was recognized in Genera Orchidacearum volume 2, which was published in 2001. It consisted of 12 genera in five subtribes. In molecular phylogenetic studies that were published after 1999, it was shown that Diseae is paraphyletic over the tribe Orchideae. In a classification of orchids that was published in 2015, Diseae was not recognized, but was instead placed in synonymy under Orchideae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cymbidiinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Cymbidiinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Cymbidieae. The subtribe is named after the genus Cymbidium, the boat orchids. It also contains the largest known species of orchids, Grammatophyllum speciosum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disinae</span> A subtribe of flowering plants belonging to the orchid family

Disinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. Genera Orchidacearum, which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimits Disinae as consisting of two closely related genera, Disa and Schizodium, and it places Disinae in the mostly African tribe Diseae, along with four other subtribes: Brownleeinae, Huttonaeinae, Coryciinae, and Satyriinae. In the classification for orchids that was published by Chase et alii in 2015, Schizodium was placed in synonymy under Disa, while Pachites and Huttonaea were transferred to Disinae. In Genera Orchidacearum, Pachites and Satyrium form the subtribe Satyriinae, and Huttonaea is the sole genus in the subtribe Huttonaeinae. The transfer of Pachites and Huttonaea to Disinae by Chase et alii (2015) was done with considerable doubt, and was based upon uncertainty about the relationships of these two genera. In 2009, a molecular phylogenetic study found only weak statistical support for a sister relationship between Huttonaea and Disa.

References

  1. ↑ Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase, and Finn N. Rasmussen. 1999-2014. Genera Orchidacearum Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-850513-6 (volume 1), ISBN   978-0-19-850710-9 (volume 2), ISBN   978-0-19-850711-6 (volume 3), ISBN   978-0-19-850712-3 (volume 4), ISBN   978-0-19-850713-0 (volume 5), ISBN   978-0-19-964651-7 (volume 6)
  2. 1 2 Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo A. Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, and André Schuiteman. 2015. "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society177(2):151-174. (See External links below).
  3. 1 2 Richard J. Waterman, Anton Pauw, Timothy G. Barraclough, and Vincent Savolainen. 2009. "Pollinators underestimated: A molecular phylogeny reveals widespread floral convergence in oil-secreting orchids (sub-tribe Coryciinae) of the Cape of South Africa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution51(1):100-110. doi : 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.020.
  4. ↑ Coryciinae in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
  5. ↑ George Bentham. 1881. page 288. In: "Notes on Orchideae". The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 18(110):281-367. (See External links below).
  6. ↑ George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. 1883. Genera Plantarum (Bentham & Hooker) volume 3, part 2, pages 460-488. L.Reeve & Co.; Williams & Norgate: London, UK. (See External links below).

<Pauw, A. 2006. Floral syndromes accurately predict pollination by a specialized oil-collecting bee (Rediviva peringueyi, Melittidae) in a guild of South African orchids (Coryciinae). American Journal of Botany 93:917–926.>

Sources

<Linder, H. P., and H. Kurzweil. 1999. Orchids of southern Africa. Rotterdam, Balkema.> First citation in article

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