Cracklings (American English), crackling (British English), [1] also known as scratchings, are the solid material that remains after rendering animal fat and skin to produce lard, tallow, or schmaltz, or as the result of roasting meat. It is often eaten as a snack food or made into animal feed. It is also used in cooking. [2]
Cracklings are most commonly made from pork, goose, and chicken, but are also made from other poultry and from beef, lamb and mutton. [3]
In French cuisine, cracklings (grillons, grattons, gratterons, frittons) may be made from pork, goose, duck or turkey. These are salted while hot and eaten as an hors-d'œuvre, especially in the southwest. [4] Duck 'frittons' are said to come originally from Burgundy. [5]
Pig skin made into cracklings are a popular ingredient worldwide: in the British, Central European, Danish, Quebecois (oreilles de crisse), Latin American and Spanish ( chicharrones ), East Asian, Southeast Asian, Southern United States, and Cajun (grattons) cuisines. They are often eaten as snacks. In Hungary, they are popular as a breakfast or dinner food. [6]
Krupuk kulit is an Indonesian cracker ( krupuk ) made of beef skin. In Argentina and Uruguay cracklings extracted from tallow are called chicharrones and are a common filling for traditional breads.
In Hungary when you have a party, you start it with hot goose cracklings. It has to be goose.
— A Hungarian in New Orleans [7]
Goose cracklings are popular in Central European cuisine. [8]
Chicken and goose cracklings are popular in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, and are called gribenes .
Cracklings from fat-tailed sheep were until recently a popular ingredient in Persian cuisine:
...many Iranians recall how, as a child, they relished a sandwich of the crispy remnants of the tail after rendering.
— Charles Perry [9]
Every part of Italy that raises pigs makes cracklings... [they] are eaten as a snack, kneaded into yeasted dough for breads, and stirred into sweet batters for dessert.
— Micol Negrin, Rustico [10]
Cracklings are used to enrich a wide variety of foods, from soups to desserts. [10] Modern recipes sometimes substitute crumbled cooked bacon. [11]
In German cuisine, cracklings of pork or goose (Grieben) are often added to lard (Schmalz) when it is used as a bread spread. [12]
Crackling is often added to doughs and batters to make crackling bread [2] (French pompe aux grattons [13] ), crackling biscuits (Hungarian tepertős pogácsa [6] ), or potato pancakes (oladyi). [14]
Salted cracklings are widely used as a snack food.
Cracklings have been used as a supplement to various kinds of animal feed, including for poultry, dogs, and pigs. [15]
Hungarian or Magyar cuisine is the cuisine characteristic of the nation of Hungary, and its primary ethnic group, the Magyars. Hungarian cuisine has been described as being the spiciest cuisine in Europe. This can largely be attributed to the use of their piquant native spice, Hungarian paprika, in many of their dishes. A mild version of the spice, Hungarian sweet paprika, is commonly used as an alternative. Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based on meats, seasonal vegetables, fruits, bread, and dairy products.
A blood sausage also known as a blutwurst sausage, is a sausage filled with blood that is cooked or dried and mixed with a filler until it is thick enough to solidify when cooled. Most commonly, the blood of pigs, sheep, lamb, cow, chicken, or goose is used.
Offal, also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, is the internal organs of a butchered animal. The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, and these lists of organs vary with culture and region, but usually exclude skeletal muscle. Offal may also refer to the by-products of milled grains, such as corn or wheat.
Austrian cuisine consists of many different local or regional cuisines. In addition to Viennese cuisine, which is predominantly based on the cooking traditions of the Habsburg Empire, there are independent regional traditions in all the states of Austria.
Romanian cuisine is a diverse blend of different dishes from several traditions with which it has come into contact, but it also maintains its own character. It has been influenced mainly by Turkish but also a series of European cuisines in particular from the Balkan Peninsula and Hungarian cuisine as well as culinary elements stemming from the cuisines of Central Europe.
Slovak cuisine varies slightly from region to region across Slovakia. It was influenced by the traditional cuisine of its neighbours and it influenced them as well. The origins of traditional Slovak cuisine can be traced to times when the majority of the population lived self-sufficiently in villages, with very limited food imports and exports and with no modern means of food preservation or processing.
Chicharrón is a dish generally consisting of fried pork belly or fried pork rinds. Chicharrón may also be made from chicken, mutton, or beef.
Czech cuisine has both influenced and been influenced by the cuisines of surrounding countries and nations. Many of the cakes and pastries that are popular in Central Europe originated within the Czech lands. Contemporary Czech cuisine is more meat-based than in previous periods; the current abundance of farmable meat has enriched its presence in regional cuisine. Traditionally, meat has been reserved for once-weekly consumption, typically on weekends.
Salo is a Ukrainian food consisting of salt-cured slabs of pork subcutaneous fat with or without skin and with or without layers of meat. It is commonly eaten and known under different names across Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. It is usually dry salt or brine cured. The East Slavic, Hungarian and Romanian variety may also be cured with paprika or other seasonings added, whereas the South and West Slavic version is often smoked.
Blood as food is the usage of blood in food, religiously and culturally. Many cultures consume blood, often in combination with meat. The blood may be in the form of blood sausage, as a thickener for sauces, a cured salted form for times of food scarcity, or in a blood soup. This is a product from domesticated animals, obtained at a place and time where the blood can run into a container and be swiftly consumed or processed. In many cultures, the animal is slaughtered. In some cultures, blood is a taboo food.
Traditional Estonian cuisine has substantially been based on meat and potatoes, and on fish in coastal and lakeside areas. However, it now shows influences from a variety of international cuisines and ingredients, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. German, Swedish, Russian, Finnish and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, barley, pork, fish, potatoes and cow dairy products. In terms of staple food, Estonia is similar to other countries in the Baltic Sea region.
Čvarci is a specialty popular in Southeastern Europe, a variant of pork rinds. They are a kind of pork cracklings, with fat thermally extracted from the lard.
Lard is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig. It is distinguished from tallow, a similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep.
A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava is cultivated. Manihot esculenta is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.
Regional street food is street food that has commonalities within a region or culture.
Bread flavored with cracklings is found in several cuisines:
Crackle or crackling may refer to:
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough, often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.
Pork rind is the culinary term for the skin of a pig. It can be used in many different ways.
Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine is an assortment of cooking traditions that was developed by the Ashkenazi Jews of Central, Eastern, Northwestern and Northern Europe, and their descendants, particularly in the United States and other Western countries.