In cooking and gastronomy, goose is the meat of several species of bird in the family Anatidae, which also includes ducks and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, and various wild species and domesticated breeds are used culinarily in multiple cuisines. There is evidence as early as 2500 BC of deliberate fattening of domesticated geese in Egypt.
The meat, liver and other organs, fat, blood, and eggs are used culinarily in various cuisines. Methods of cooking include roasting, spit-roasting, braising, steaming, grilling, simmering, and stewing. Dishes include roasts, joints, soups, stews, curries, sausages, forcemeats, and dumplings.
A roasted goose with head and neckA dish of roast goose
The meat, liver and other organs, fat, skin and blood are used culinarily in various cuisines.[1] The meat has a distinctive flavor.[2]
Goose eggs are also used culinarily, but unlike chicken eggs are only available seasonally; in the UK goose eggs have a autumn-to-early-winter availability.[1]
A byproduct of roasting is that roasting a goose will render a great deal of excellent-quality fat which can be used for roasting potatoes or other vegetables, as the shortening in pie crust (sweet or savory), as a spread for bread, and a multitude of other culinary uses.[5][6][1][7] One can also simmer pieces of goose submerged in the fat to make confit. In some cuisines geese are raised primarily for lard.[5] According to NPR, goose fat is "the crème de la crème of fats".[3] in 2006 Nigella Lawson called it "the essential Christmas cooking ingredient".[3]
In Chinese cuisine, goose is also steamed or braised with aromatics. In some cuisines stews or soups are made from goose meat. In German cuisine, goose neck is stuffed with goose liver and cooked to make a sausagelike dish; similar dishes are made in eastern Europe. Goose meat is also used to fill pies or dumplings or to make sausage.[8]
Most Chinese preparations of goose involve cooking it thoroughly. In southern China,roast goose is a variety of siu mei,or roasted meat dishes,within Cantonese cuisine. It is made by roasting geese with seasoning often in a charcoal furnace at high temperature. Roasted geese of high quality have crisp skin with juicy and tender meat. Slices of roast goose may be served with plum sauce.[citation needed]
For many European cultures,roast goose is traditionally[13] eaten only on appointed holidays,including Christmas and St. Martin's Day.[14][15] Roast goose was a traditional Sabbath meal among Jews in Eastern Europe.[3]
Croatia
A traditional dish in Croatia is guščji paprikaš,a noodle and goose meat stew with roots in the areas around Županja.[16] Croatia also has a roasted goose dish,martinjska guska s marunima,which is stuffed with chestnuts;it is often served on the feast of St. Martin.[16]
France
In parts of France,such as Alsace,goose is a commonly eaten main dish.[5] Goose fat is an essential ingredient in a traditional cassoulet.[3]
Christmas goose in Germany
Germany
In Germany,roast goose is a staple for Christmas Day meals.[15] A traditional German dish is Gefüllter Gänsehals,a dish of goose neck stuffed with a mixture of goose liver,bacon,bread,and herbs which is sautéed,simmered,and sliced for serving.[17]
Geese have been raised for food in Poland for centuries. In the 1600s and 1700s they were particularly popular for feast and celebration dinners.[19]Czernina soup was traditionally popular.[19] National consumption of goose has decreased,with most geese being consumed on St. Martin's Day.[19]
North America
Canada
Many indigenous people of North America traditionally depended heavily on goose as a food.[4]
United States
Goose has generally been replaced by the turkeyin the United States;[5] the high price per pound of goose and low ratio of meat to bone and fat makes goose more expensive per serving than turkey.[5] While goose was once a common Christmas dinner in the United States,it has become less popular as the main dish than other meats or fish.[20][21]
Oceania
Goose is not commonly eaten in Australia,but as of 2019 was raised on the continent and offered in some restaurants.[10]
Caucasus and the Middle East
Egypt
Goose was eaten in Ancient Egypt.[3] There is evidence as early as 2500 BC of deliberate fattening before consumption.[2][7]
Feseekh is a traditional Egyptian dish that is usually served during Sham el-Nessim,a spring holiday that dates back to the time of the Pharaohs. Feseekh is made by salting and fermenting fish,often with goose meat added to enhance its flavor and nutrition.[citation needed]
Iran
In Iran goose meat is often used in ghimeh,a stew of yellow split peas,diced potatoes,and meat cooked in a tomato sauce.[citation needed]
Jordan
Mansaf is a traditional Jordanian dish often served during weddings and other celebrations;it is usually made with tender pieces of lamb or goat meat cooked with spices,served on top of a bed of rice,and topped with a yogurt sauce,but goose meat is sometimes used as.[citation needed]
Turkey
Roasted goose is a commonly eaten main dish in parts of Turkey.[5] The Kars region of Turkey specializes in Kars-style roast goose,or Kars kazıve bulgur pilavı (Kars goose with bulgur pilaf).[22][23][24] The Kars goose is also a breed of goose raised in the area specifically for use in this dish.[25] The goose is baked at extremely high temperature in a tandoori-style oven above a dish of bulgur onto which the rendering fat drips.[25]
Gallery
Gęsie pipki (goose necks stuffed with meat)
Goose soup with root vegetables
Roast goose with Klöße (dumplings) and red cabbage
Braised goose
Roast Goose Curry served with rice at a restaurant in Thailand
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