Garland chrysanthemum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Glebionis |
Species: | G. coronaria |
Binomial name | |
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach | |
Synonyms [1] [2] | |
List
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Glebionis coronaria, formerly called Chrysanthemum coronarium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region. [3] It is cultivated and naturalized in East Asia and in scattered locations in North America. [4] [5]
Glebionis coronaria is used as a leaf vegetable. English language common names include garland chrysanthemum, [6] chrysanthemum greens, [6] edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, [7] chop suey greens, [6] crown daisy, [6] and Japanese greens. [6]
Glebionis coronaria has been hybridized with related Argyranthemum species to create cultivars of garden marguerites. [8]
A leafy herb, the garland chrysanthemum is an annual plant. It has yellow ray florets grouped in small flower heads and aromatic, bipinnately lobed leaves. Its seeds are ribbed and winged cypselae. [9] The vegetable grows very well in mild or slightly cold climates, but will go quickly into premature flowering in warm summer conditions. Seeds are sown in early spring and fall.[ citation needed ]
"The plant is rich in minerals and vitamins with potassium concentrations at 610 mg/100 g and carotene at 3.4 g/100 g in edible portions. In addition, the plant contains various antioxidants (in stem, leaf, and root tissues) that have potential long-term benefits for human health, although toxic (dioxin) properties have also been observed. Extracts from C. coronarium var. spatiosum have been shown to inhibit growth of Lactobacillus casei , a beneficial human intestinal bacterium." [10]
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
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Energy | 99 kJ (24 kcal) |
3.02 g | |
Dietary fiber | 3 g |
0.56 g | |
3.36 g | |
Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
Vitamin A equiv. | 15% 116 μg13% 1380 μg3834 μg |
Thiamine (B1) | 11% 0.13 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) | 12% 0.144 mg |
Niacin (B3) | 4% 0.531 mg |
Pantothenic acid (B5) | 4% 0.221 mg |
Vitamin B6 | 14% 0.176 mg |
Folate (B9) | 44% 177 μg |
Vitamin C | 2% 1.4 mg |
Vitamin K | 333% 350 μg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 12% 117 mg |
Iron | 18% 2.29 mg |
Magnesium | 9% 32 mg |
Manganese | 45% 0.943 mg |
Sodium | 8% 118 mg |
Zinc | 7% 0.71 mg |
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†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central |
The plant's greens are used in many Asian cuisines. In Korean cuisine, the plant is called 쑥갓 (Korean: ssukgat) and is used as an ingredient in various soups and stews, as well as a side dish ( namul ). It is also widely available in China where it is called 茼蒿(菜) (Cantonese tong ho (choy), Mandarin tónghāo (cài)) and appears in multiple Chinese cuisines as an ingredient for stir-fries, stews, casseroles, and hotpots. [11] In Japanese cuisine, it is called "spring chrysanthemum" (Japanese : 春菊, romanized: shungiku), and is used in nabemono, mixed into rice, or drizzled with soy sauce and sesame seeds as a side dish. In Vietnamese cuisine, the greens are known as (Vietnamese : cải cúc) or (Vietnamese : tần ô), and are used in soup (canh) or as a side dish accompanying various noodle soups. In a hotpot, it is added at the last moment to the pot to avoid overcooking.[ citation needed ]
In Crete, a variety of the species called mantilida (μαντηλίδα) has its tender shoots eaten raw or steamed by the locals (see Greek cuisine).[ citation needed ]
Benincasa hispida, the wax gourd, also called ash gourd, white gourd, winter gourd, winter melon, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the only member of the genus Benincasa.
Glebionis segetum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, probably native only to the eastern Mediterranean region but now naturalized in western and northern Europe as well as China and parts of North America. Common names include corn marigold and corn daisy.
Korean royal court cuisine was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1910. There has been a revival of this cookery style in the 21st century. It is said that twelve dishes should be served along with rice and soup, with most dishes served in bangjja (bronzeware).
Maeun-tang (매운탕) or spicy fish stew is a hot spicy Korean cuisine fish soup boiled with gochujang, '고춧가루'(chili powder), and various vegetables. The name is a combination of two words: '매운', which derives from '맵다', meaning "hot and spicy"; and '탕(湯)', meaning "soup". As its main ingredient, fresh or saltwater fish is cut into several pieces and boiled with green vegetables such as watercress and garland chrysanthemum. Onion, radish, chilis, crown daisy, garlic, and sometimes zucchini and bean curd are added to the mixture to absorb the chili pepper paste which is the main flavoring of this dish. It is then seasoned with chili powder, garlic, soy sauce, and additional gochujang may be added once more to taste.
Glebionis is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The species were formerly treated in the genus Chrysanthemum, but a 1999 ruling of the International Botanical Congress has resulted in that genus being redefined to cover the species related to the economically important florist's chrysanthemum, thereby excluding the species now included in Glebionis.
Allium monanthum, the Korean wild chive, is a spring vegetable with minuscule bulbous roots that have a mild onion flavor and found in the woodlands of Korea, Japan, northeastern Russia (Primorye), and northeastern China.
Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also known as maafe, sauce d'arachide (French) or tigadèguèna is a stew that is a staple food in Western Africa. It originates from the Mandinka and Bambara people of Mali.
The tendons of certain animals are used as an ingredient in some Asian cuisines, including the Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, Thai, Laotian, Cambodian and Vietnamese traditions. Tendon is tough and fibrous, but becomes soft after a long period of cooking. In some cases it may be boiled for as long as eight hours, while in other dishes it is prepared by deep frying. It contains large amounts of collagen, and after boiling or stewing, it is sometimes described as mimicking the mouthfeel of high-fat cuts of beef despite its low fat content. One author described the taste of deep-fried tendon as being similar to chicharrón.
Namul refers to either a variety of edible grass or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called san-namul, and spring vegetables are called bom-namul. On the day of Daeboreum, the first full moon of the year, Koreans eat boreum-namul with five-grain rice. It is believed that boreum namuls eaten in winter help one to withstand the heat of the summer to come.
Dried shrimp are shrimp that have been sun-dried and shrunk to a thumbnail size. They are used in many East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian cuisines, imparting a unique umami taste. A handful of shrimp is generally used for dishes. The flavors of this ingredient are released when allowed to simmer.
Mung bean sprouts are a culinary vegetable grown by sprouting mung beans. They can be grown by placing and watering the sprouted beans in the shade until the hypocotyls grow long. Mung bean sprouts are extensively cultivated and consumed in East and Southeast Asia and are very easy to grow, requiring minimal care other than a steady supply of water. They are often used in school science projects.
Mu or Korean radish is a variety of white radish with a firm crunchy texture.
Hot pot or hotpot, also known as soup-food or steamboat, is a dish whereby a heat source placed on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering, and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and ingredients are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.
A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. Ingredients can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, venison, rabbit, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. While water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. A small amount of red wine or other alcohol is sometimes added for flavour. Seasonings and flavourings may also be added. Stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature, allowing flavours to mingle.
Garden marguerites, also known as marguerite daisies, are cultivars of plants in the subtribe Glebionidinae of the family Asteraceae, the great majority being hybrids created in cultivation. One of the genera belonging to the subtribe, Argyranthemum, was introduced into cultivation from the Canary Islands in the 18th century, and modern cultivars are mostly sold and grown under the genus name Argyranthemum or the species name Argyranthemum frutescens, although many are actually intergeneric hybrids. The first such hybrids involved species now placed in the genus Glebionis, but other crosses within the subtribe are known. Breeding has aimed at introducing flower heads in varied colours and shapes while retaining the shrubby habit of Argyranthemum. Garden marguerites are used as summer bedding or grown in containers. Most are only half-hardy. They can be trained into shapes such as pyramids or grown as standards.
Glebionidinae is a small subtribe of flowering plants in the tribe Anthemideae of the family Asteraceae. Its members include species used in the production of garden marguerites.