Cat meat

Last updated

A dish of cat meat in Vietnam. Thitmeo.jpg
A dish of cat meat in Vietnam.

Cat meat is meat prepared from domestic cats for human consumption. Some countries serve cat meat as a regular food, whereas others have only consumed some cat meat in desperation during wartime, famine or poverty.

Contents

History

Prehistoric human feces have been found to contain bones from the wild cats of Africa. [1]

There are accounts from antiquity of cats being consumed in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (southern France). [2] During the 18th century, domestic cats were used in the meat production in France, with published recipes surviving from 1740. [3] Cats were eaten in Spain during the 17th century. [2]

Cat meat was widely used as famine food during wartime, especially during both World Wars. [4]

Africa

Cat-based dish, cooked in the Central African Republic. Viande-chat.jpg
Cat-based dish, cooked in the Central African Republic.

In some cultures of Cameroon, there is a special ceremony featuring cat-eating that is thought to bring good luck. [5]

Asia

Mainland China

According to Humane Society International, [6] Agence France-Presse, [7] and the BBC, [8] cat meat is not widely eaten in China. But in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces of the Lingnan cultural region, some—especially older—people consider cat flesh a good warming food during winter months. [9] The Associated Press reported in 2008 that people in southern China's Guangdong province (population just over 113 million) ate 10,000 cats per day. [10]

In Guangdong, cat meat is a main ingredient in the traditional dish "dragon, tiger, phoenix" (snake, cat, chicken), which is said to fortify the body. [11]

Organized cat-collectors supply the southern restaurants with animals that often originate in Henan, Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces. [11] [12] [13] On January 26, 2010, China launched its first draft proposal to protect the country's animals from maltreatment, including a measure to jail people—for periods up to 15 days—for eating cat or dog meat. [14]

With the increase of cats as pets in China, opposition towards the traditional use of cats for food has grown. In June 2006, approximately 40 activists stormed the Fangji Cat Meatball Restaurant in Shenzhen, forcing it to shut down. [15] Expanded to more than 40 member societies, the Chinese Animal Protection Network in January 2006 began organizing well-publicized protests against dog and cat consumption, starting in Guangzhou, following up in more than ten other cities "with very optimal response from public." [16] Beijing News reported in 2014 and 2015 of Beijing and Tianjin authorities, respectively, discovering feral, and stray cats to be used as part of the cat meat trade, which drew outrage from many Chinese netizens. [8] A 2015 Animals Asia survey found that at least more than 70-80% of Chinese respondents agreed it was not acceptable to eat dogs and cats if they had been abused or tortured during feeding and slaughter. [17]

Japan

In Japan, cats were sometimes eaten until the end of the Edo period. [18] In Okinawa, it was believed to be effective against costochondritis, bronchitis, lung disease, and hemorrhoids, and was eaten in the form of soups, such as Maya-no-Ushiru. [19]

India

According to HuffPost and a few Indian news outlets in 2016, cat meat was being served as mutton in parts of Chennai and being consumed mainly by the Narikuravar community in the city. [20] There had been allegations made online in the same year that some Narikuravar people were hunting feral and stray cats for their meat in Bengaluru. [21]

Cat meat is a traditional protein consumed in the diet of the Irula people of southern India. [22]

Indonesia

Cat meat has been featured at the Extreme Market in the North Sulawesi city of Tomohon. [23]

South Korea

In South Korea, cat meat was historically brewed into a tonic as a folk remedy for neuralgia and arthritis, not commonly as food. Modern consumption is seen and more likely to be in the form of cat soup, though the number of people who consume cat soup is considered minimal, compared to a relatively popular dog meat. [24] [25] Julien Dugnoille wrote in The Conversation that cat meat is mostly consumed by middle-aged working-class women for perceived health benefits, and that usually 10 cats are needed to produce a small bottle of cat, or goyangi, soju (an alcoholic elixir thought to keep arthritis at bay for a few weeks at a time). [26] According to In Defense of Animals, 100,000 cats are killed yearly to make cat soju in South Korea. Cats are not farmed for their meat in the country, so the trade involves ferals and strays. Nonetheless, the trade is mostly done underground, and the great majority of the population is not even aware that cat consumption exists in the country. Moreover, eating cat meat is highly stigmatized throughout the country, unlike eating dog meat, which is often criticized but not universally stigmatized. [27]

Malaysia

According to the Malaysian branch of Friends of the Earth, cat meat is not illegal in Malaysia. The organisation reported that some Vietnamese nationals had been selling dog and cat meat in a couple of cities, [28] an allegation repeated by Coconuts Media. [29] According to The Star in 2012, cat meat was popular among some Myanmar nationals in the country. [30]

Taiwan

In October 2017, Taiwan's national legislature, known as the Legislative Yuan, passed amendments to the country's Animal Protection Act which "bans the sale and consumption of dog and cat meat and of any food products that contain the meat or other parts of these animals." [31]

Vietnam

Cats at a cat meat restaurant in Vietnam Cats at a cat meat restaurant - 02.jpg
Cats at a cat meat restaurant in Vietnam

As of 2015, cat meat is eaten in Vietnam. [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] It is generally seen on menus with the euphemism "tiểu hổ", literally "little tiger" or "baby tiger", rather than the literal "thịt mèo". [39] Cat galls have aphrodisiacal properties, according to people in North Vietnam. [40] [41] In 2018, however, officials in the city of Hanoi urged citizens to stop eating dog and cat meat, citing concerns about the cruel methods with which the animals are slaughtered and the diseases this practice propagates, including rabies and leptospirosis. The primary reason for this exhortation seems to be a fear that the practice of dog and cat consumption, most of which are stolen household pets, could tarnish the city's image as a "civilised and modern capital". [42] According to data from a market research study by Four Paws, approximately 8% of people living in Hanoi have consumed cat meat in their lives. [43]

According to The Independent in April 2020, COVID-19 has led to increased dog and cat meat sales in Vietnam (and Cambodia) due to their perceived health benefits against the virus. [44]

Europe

Austria

Section 6, Paragraph 2 of the law for the protection of animals prohibits the killing of cats and dogs for purposes of consumption as food or for other products. [45]

Belgium

In January 2011, the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain stated that people are not allowed to kill random cats walking in their garden, but "nowhere in the law does it say that you can't eat your own pet cat, dog, rabbit, fish, or whatever. You just have to kill them in an animal-friendly way." [46]

Denmark

In June 2008, three students at the Danish School of Media and Journalism published pictures of a cat being slaughtered and eaten in Citat, a magazine for journalism students. Their goal was to create a debate about animal welfare. The cat was shot by its owner, a farmer, and it would have been put down in any case. The farmer slaughtered the cat within the limits of Danish law. This led to criticism from Danish animal welfare group Dyrenes Beskyttelse, [47] [48] and death threats received by the students. [49]

Italy

In February 2010, on a television cooking show, the Italian food writer Beppe Bigazzi mentioned that during the famine in World War II, cat stew was a "succulent" and well-known dish in his home area of Valdarno, Tuscany. Later he claimed he had been joking, but added that cats used to be eaten in the area during famine periods, historically. He was widely criticised in the media for his comments and was ultimately dropped from the television network. [50]

Cat consumption is a stereotype attributed to Vicenzans in Vicenza, Italy. [2] They are jokingly called "magnagati", that means "cats eaters" in the local language.

According to the British Butchers' Advocate, Dressed Poultry and the Food Merchant of 1904, "Just before Christmas, it is common for a group of young men in northern Italy to kill some cats, skin them, and soak them in water for two or three days. They are cooked with great care on Christmas day and served up hot about 1:30 p.m. after mass....Many people in Italy, 'on the quiet,' keep cats like the English do rabbits—to kill. A catskin there is worth ten pence, as the material for muffs for girls... Extraordinary care has to be taken in procuring the animals, for the Italian Society for the Protection of Cats is vigilant, and offenses against the law are followed by imprisonment only. We have no fines in Italy." [51]

According to The Dietetic & Hygienic Gazette in 1905, "Italy cultivates the cat for home consumption as English people raise rabbits. It is to be done on the quiet, however, for in spite of the profit in the business and the demand for the delicacy, the law has to be looked out for, and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Cats is vigilant. Offenses against the law are visited with imprisonment. Cats are raised for the market nonetheless. Fattened on the finest of milk, a choice specimen will attain the weight of fifteen pounds." [52] [53]

The Genoese song Crêuza de mä written by Fabrizio De André cites the sweet-and-sour hash of "hare of roof tiles" (i.e. the cat, passed off as a sort of rabbit meat).

Switzerland

According to the Food Safety and Veterinary Office, the sale of dog or cat meat is not allowed, but it is legal for people to eat their own animals. [54] [55] The Swiss parliament rejected changing the laws to protect dogs and cats from human consumption in 1993. [56] An animal-rights group collected 16,000 signatures in 2014 to outlaw the consumption of cat meat in Switzerland.

Other areas

Cats were sometimes eaten as a famine food during harsh winters, poor harvests, and wartime. Cats gained notoriety as "roof rabbit" ( Dachhase  [ de ]) in Central Europe's hard times during and between World War I and World War II. [4]

Oceania

Australia

Indigenous Australians in the area of Alice Springs roast feral cats on an open fire. They have also developed recipes for cat stew. Some other inhabitants of the area have also taken up this custom, justified on the grounds that felines are "a serious threat to Australia's native fauna". Scientists have warned that eating wild cats could expose humans to harmful bacteria and toxins. [57]

South and North America

Argentina

In two 1996 TV reports from different networks, Telefe Noticias [58] and Todo Noticias, [59] some citizens in a shanty town in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina, stated that, during an economic crisis, they had to feed the neighborhood children with cat meat, and commented, "It's not denigrating to eat cat, it keeps a child's stomach full".

Although the validity of these reports has been questioned in a book by journalists Gabriel Russo and Edgardo Miller, [60] these authors didn't produce any evidence nor taped confession of someone stating that was responsible for the forgery. Moreover, it's been reported that the then Mayor of Rosario was the source of the rumor that the TV networks enacted a play just to discredit the city's municipal government. [61] In 2013, Josefa Villalba, a former municipal council member in 1996, stated that previously to the TV reports, she denounced to the local municipal government the fact that children were being fed with cats but the municipal government heads tried to silence her. [62] Contemporary reporting by the journalist Ricardo Luque of La Nación, a newspaper of record of Argentina, reproduced a quote from an inhabitant of the shanty town, "When the kids come to ask for something to eat, there's no point in giving them anything, so we go out and hunt cats, anything to fed them". [63]

Peru

Cat is not a regular menu item in Peru, but is used in such dishes as fricassee and stews most abundant in two specific sites in the country: the southern town of Chincha Alta (Ica Region, Afro-Peruvian mostly) and the north-central Andean town of Huari (Ancash Region). Primarily used by Afro-Peruvians, cat cooking techniques are demonstrated every September during a festival known as "El Festival Gastronomico del Gato" (the Gastronomic Festival of the Cat) or "Miaustura", part of the festival of Saint Efigenia in the town of La Quebrada in San Luis District, Cañete. [64]

In October 2013, a judge banned the annual festival, which was held every September in La Quebrada to commemorate the arrival of settlers who were forced to eat cats to survive, citing it as cruel to the 100+ cats specifically bred for the event, which involves being kept in cages for a year prior the Festival. The judge also cited concerns over the safety of the meat, which drew criticism from residents who contend that cat meat is far richer than rabbit or duck, and that it has been long consumed globally without any deleterious effects. [65] The festival was nevertheless held again in 2017. [66]

That same month, magistrate María Luyo banned the festival of Curruñao, in the small town of San Luis. Locals say that the festival, which sees cats being drowned, skinned, and tied to fireworks and blown up, dates back to the practice of eating cat on the part of African slaves who worked on sugar-cane plantations in colonial times, and is part of the religious celebrations of Santa Efigenia, an African-Peruvian folk saint. Luyo stated in her ruling that the festival "fomented violence based on cruel acts against animals which caused grave social damage and damaged public health", and that minors could be "psychologically damaged" by watching the events. [67]

United States

In December 2018, the Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018 was signed into federal law, making the commercial slaughter and trade of cat meat illegal and punishable by a fine of $5,000, except as part of Native American religious ceremonies. Previous to that bill, consuming cat meat was legal in 44 states. [68]

Religion

Islam

Islamic dietary laws forbid the consumption of cat meat as it is a terrestrial predator. [69] [70]

Judaism

Jewish Kashrut laws forbid consuming cat meat as it is a predator. As well as not being a predator, a mammal must both chew cud and have cloven hooves in order to be considered kosher. [71] [72]

Opposition to cat meat consumption

As the ownership of cats as pets has become increasingly popular in China, the opposition to cat meat consumption has also grown. In June 2006, a group of 40 animal welfare activists stormed Fangji Restaurant in Shenzhen, a restaurant specializing in cat meat, and managed to force the restaurant to stop selling cat meat. [73]

This occurred approximately two years after the establishment of the Chinese Animal Protection Network (CAPN), [74] which began organizing well-publicized protests against the consumption of dog and cat meat in January 2006, initially in Guangzhou and then in more than ten other cities. [75] [76]

In February 2020, Four Paws published the market analysis report "The Dog and Cat Meat Trade in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Animals and People" and, together with the Change For Animals Foundation, called on the Government of Vietnam to reinstate previous laws explicitly prohibiting the trade of cat meat. [77] [78] [79]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meat</span> Animal flesh eaten as food

Meat is animal tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted and farmed other animals for meat since prehistory. The Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of vertebrates, including chickens, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle, starting around 11,000 years ago. Since then, selective breeding has enabled farmers to produce meat with the qualities desired by producers and consumers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halal</span> Islamic term for "permissible" things

Halal is an Arabic word that translates to 'permissible' in English. In the Quran, the term halal is contrasted with the term haram. It is used to refer to actions, behaviors, or items that are allowed under the teachings of Islam. Halal applies not only to food but also to various aspects of life, including finance, clothing, and behavior. The concept of halal is central to Islamic practices and is derived from the Quran and the Sunnah. The guidelines for what is considered halal or haram are laid out in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and scholars interpret these guidelines to ensure compliance with Islamic principles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pakistani cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Pakistan

Pakistani cuisine can be characterized as a blend of regional cooking styles and flavours from across South, Central and West Asia. Pakistani cuisine is influenced by Persian, Indian, and Arab cuisine. The cuisine of Pakistan also maintains certain Mughal influences within its recipes and cooking techniques. Pakistan's ethnic and cultural diversity, diverse climates, geographical environments, and availability of different produce lead to diverse regional cuisines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frog legs</span> Delicacies of French and Cantonese cuisine

Frog legs are consumed as food in some cuisines. In French cuisine, they are considered a national delicacy. Other parts of the world that eat frog legs include Southern China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Northeast India, Korea, Northern Italy, the Alentejo region of Portugal, Spain, Albania, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Northwestern Greece, Odesa Oblast of Ukraine, South Africa, and the Southern regions of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Horse meat</span> Consumable meat from horses

Horse meat forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many countries, particularly in the Americas and in Eurasia. The eight countries that consume the most horse meat consume about 4.3 million horses a year. For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.

Some people do not eat various specific foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions. Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos. Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods. Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog meat</span> Meat from dogs used as food

Dog meat, also known as fragrant meat or simply fragrant, is the meat derived from dogs. Historically human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world.

<i>Bosintang</i> Korean dog meat dish

Bosintang or tan'gogikuk is a Korean soup that uses dog meat as its primary ingredient. The meat is boiled with vegetables such as green onions, perilla leaves, and dandelions, and flavorants such as doenjang, gochujang, and perilla seed powder. It is seasoned with agastache rugosa before eating. The soup has been claimed to provide increased virility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yewei</span> Form of game in Chinese cuisine

Yewei is a Southern Chinese term that describes various types of game meat, including bushmeat from exotic wild animals.

Chinese Animal Protection Network (CAPN) is a non-profit animal protection organization, and the first network for animal protection in China, founded by Chinese people. CAPN is known for its pioneering role in the animal rights movement in China, leading the growing movement against eating cats and dogs, and providing a free encyclopedia on animal welfare information.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pork</span> Meat from a pig

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig. It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Japanese cuisine</span>

This article traces the history of cuisine in Japan. Foods and food preparation by the early Japanese Neolithic settlements can be pieced together from archaeological studies, and reveals paramount importance of rice and seafood since early times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bat as food</span> Bat eaten as food

Bats as food are eaten by people in some areas of North America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Rim countries, and some other cultures, including the United States, China, Vietnam, the Seychelles, the Philippines, Indonesia, Palau, Thailand, and Guam. Half the megabat species are hunted for food but only eight percent of the insectivorous bat species are. In Guam, Mariana fruit bats are considered a delicacy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog meat consumption in South Korea</span>

The dog meat industry is currently heavily restricted and soon to be illegal in South Korea. On January 9, 2024, the National Assembly of South Korea unanimously passed a law banning the production and sale of dog meat, to take effect in three years. The three-year window allows for farmers to find other sources of income. According to a 2020 survey of South Koreans, 83.8% of respondents reported to never having consumed dog meat before.

Animal welfare and rights in the People's Republic of China is a topic of growing interest. China has had limited animal protections by international standards, and animal-rights activists have condemned the treatment of animals in the country. Movements towards animal welfare and animal rights are expanding in China, including among homegrown Chinese activists, but face resistance from nationalists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog Meat Festival</span> Annual food festival originating in Yulin, China

The Dog Meat Festival, also known as the Yulin Dog Meat Festival or Lychee and Dog Meat Festival, is an annual festival held in Yulin, Guangxi, China, during the summer solstice from 21 June to 30 June in which festival observers consume dog meat accompanied by lychees or other plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monkey meat</span> Type of bushmeat derived from monkeys

Monkey meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from monkeys, a kind of bushmeat. Human consumption of monkey meat has been historically recorded in numerous parts of the world, including multiple Asian and African nations. Monkey meat consumption has been reported in parts of Europe and the Americas as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018</span> Federal law banning the dog and cat meat trade in the United States

The Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018, also called the DCMTPA, is a bipartisan bill outlawing the slaughter and trade of cats and dogs in the United States. It passed the House by voice vote on September 12, 2018. The Senate received it on September 17 and referred it to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. It was passed by the Senate as part of the 2018 Farm Bill on December 11, 2018. The House passed the reconciled Farm Bill on December 12. On December 20, 2018, President Donald Trump signed it into law.

Genlin was born in Shanghai, China and holds Japanese nationality, also known as Horiike Hiroshi (Japanese). He is an entrepreneur, philanthropist, painter, dog-cat peace ideologist. An Outstanding Alumnus and Honorary Board Member in the first and second Boards of Shanghai University, he is the founder of World Dog Alliance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog meat consumption in Vietnam</span>

Dog meat consumption can be found in Vietnam, similar to other Asian countries such as Laos, and China.

References

  1. ↑ David Taylor; Daphne Negus; Dave King; Jane Burton (1989). The Ultimate Cat Book. Simon and Schuster. pp. 9–. ISBN   978-0-671-68649-9. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Ken Albala (2003). Food in Early Modern Europe. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 66–. ISBN   978-0-313-31962-4. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  3. ↑ History of the breed, Deutscher Kartäuserkatzen-CHA-Zuchtverein e.V., retrieved February 17, 2024
  4. 1 2 "Cats - Friend Or Food". Messybeast.com. Archived from the original on March 20, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  5. ↑ Ngwa-Niba, Francis (March 17, 2003). "The cat eaters of Cameroon". BBC News. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  6. ↑ "Saving animals from China's dog and cat meat trade". Humane Society International. February 21, 2019. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  7. ↑ "'Don't eat cat and dog meat' - activists to Chinese diners". NDTV, Agence France-Presse . November 22, 2013. Archived from the original on December 7, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  8. 1 2 Kerry Allen (October 30, 2015). "Claws out over China cat meat scandal". BBC News . Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Trying to get cat off the menu in China". Toronto Star. July 26, 2009. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2018.(subscription required)
  10. ↑ "China Protesters: Stop 'Cooking Cats Alive' – Fury After Newspaper Says 10,000 Felines Are Eaten Daily in Single Province". NBC News. Associated Press. December 18, 2008. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  11. 1 2 "Some call it an indelicate trade, others, a delicacy". Xinhuanet.com. January 13, 2012. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
  12. ↑ Wang, Yu (December 19, 2008). "Nanjing sends meat that meows to Guangzhou". Beijing: Beijing Today. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  13. ↑ Moore, Malcolm (January 1, 2009). "Cat-nappers feed Cantonese taste for pet delicacy" . London: Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
  14. ↑ "China to jail people for up to 15 days who eat dog". Chinadaily. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Animal rights protest shuts restaurant". Reuters. Retrieved October 22, 2006.[ dead link ]
  16. ↑ "Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats". Animal People. March 4, 2008. Archived from the original on March 4, 2008.
  17. ↑ "Survey of public attitudes to dog and cat eating in China" (PDF). Animals Asia . June 2015. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 11, 2015.
  18. ↑ Hanley, Susan (1997). Everyday Things in Premodern Japan. p. 66. ISBN   9780520218123.
  19. ↑ 渡口初美 (1979). 沖縄の食養生料理 (in Japanese). 国際料理学院. p. 12.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ↑ "For Biryani In Chennai, Cats Are Being Boiled Alive, Sold For Rs 100 Per KG". HuffPost . 2016. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  21. ↑ Iyer, Shravan Regret (April 26, 2016). "Fear of cats sold for meat looms large in Bengaluru". Deccan Chronicle . Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  22. ↑ "Introduction to Badaga and Irula cuisine".[ better source needed ]
  23. ↑ Farid M Ibrahim (September 11, 2018). "Dogs and cats blow-torched alive at Indonesia 'extreme' market despite promised ban". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Dog and Cat Meat Consumption – In Defense of Animals – In Defense of Animals". In Defense of Animals. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  25. ↑ "Ban South Korean dog and cat meat trade". Our Compass. April 9, 2012. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  26. ↑ Dugnoille, Julien (March 22, 2016). "The truth about cats and dogs (and how they are consumed in South Korea)". The Conversation . Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Dog Meat". In Defense of Animals . Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  28. ↑ Friends of the Earth Malaysia (May 9, 2019). "The Truth About Malaysia's Dog and Cat Meat Trade". Animal People . Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  29. ↑ "Social media users in Malaysia discover groups selling dog and cat meat". Coconuts . April 5, 2018. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Cat's meat a purr-fect dish among Myanmar folk". The Star. October 2012. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  31. ↑ Zeldin, Wendy (October 18, 2017). "Taiwan: Animal Protection Law Amended". Global Legal Monitor. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  32. ↑ Việt Báo Thịt mèo Archived May 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ "Thành phố thịt mèo". Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  34. ↑ "9 Countries That Eat Cats and Dogs". The Daily Meal. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Cat Meat". Vietnam Coracle. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  36. ↑ "The Truth About Cats & Dogs In Vietnam - The Dropout Diaries". The Dropout Diaries. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Where cat sits happily on the menu". Stuff. July 25, 2011. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  38. ↑ The Christian Science Monitor. "Why do Vietnamese keep cats on a leash? (Hint: What's for dinner?)". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Cats stolen, drowned, bludgeoned and boiled in secretive Vietnam trade". The Independent. August 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  40. ↑ Jerry Hopkins (May 15, 2004). Extreme Cuisine: The Weird and Wonderful Foods That People Eat. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 25–. ISBN   978-1-4629-0472-3. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  41. ↑ Jerry Hopkins (December 23, 2014). Strange Foods. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 8–. ISBN   978-1-4629-1676-4. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Vietnamese capital Hanoi asks people not to eat dog meat". BBC News. September 12, 2018. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  43. ↑ "The Dog and Cat Meat Trade in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Animals and People" (PDF). Four Paws. February 2020. p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  44. ↑ Jane Dalton (April 24, 2020). "Coronavirus causes surge in dog and cat meat sales in Vietnam and Cambodia, investigators say". The Independent . Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Federal law that enacts an animal protection law and changes the Federal Constitutional Law, the 1994 Trade Regulations and the 1986 Federal Ministries Act". Das Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (legal information system of the federal government) (in German). Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  46. ↑ jrosquin (January 5, 2011). "Uw kat opeten is wettelijk toegestaan". Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). Archived from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  47. ↑ Walsh, Kevin (June 5, 2008). "Journalistelever spiser kat" [Journalism students eat cat]. BT (in Danish). Berlingske Media. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  48. ↑ Andreassen, Andreas Marckmann (June 6, 2008). "Journaliststuderende spiser kat på nettet" [Journalism students eat cat online]. Journalisten.dk (in Danish). Journalisten. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  49. ↑ Helmer, Jesper (June 7, 2008). "Århus-studerende spiste kat - nu trues de på livet" [Students from Århus ate cat - are now threatened on their life]. Avisen.dk (in Danish). Avisen.dk ApS. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  50. ↑ Owen, Richard (February 16, 2010). "Celebrity chef Beppe Bigazzi upsets viewers with his cat casserole". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
  51. ↑ Butchers' Advocate, Dressed Poultry and the Food Merchant. 1904. pp. 11–. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  52. ↑ The Dietetic & Hygienic Gazette. Gazette Publishing Company. 1905. pp. 99–100. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  53. ↑ Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette. Gazette Publishing Company. 1905. pp. 99–100. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Stop eating cats and dogs say animal rights campaigners in Switzerland". BBC Newsbeat. November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  55. ↑ "Swiss 'restaurant' serving cat and dog meat sparks outrage". www.thelocal.ch. February 12, 2016. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  56. ↑ "Forget chocolate or cheese: Cat and dog meat is Swiss delicacy". www.scotsman.com. January 2, 2013. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  57. ↑ Mercer, Phil (September 2, 2007). "Australians cook up wild cat stew". BBC News. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  58. ↑ Rosario Gente pobre come Gatos [Rosario, paupers eat cats] (in Spanish). Telefé Noticias. 1996. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  59. ↑ Rosario Comen Gatos [Rosario, they eat cats] (in Spanish). Todo Noticias. 1996. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  60. ↑ "Nunca se comieron gatos en Rosario" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on January 6, 2015.
  61. ↑ "El triste recuerdo de los "come gatos" de Rosario" [The sad memories of the "cat eaters"]. Diario Uno (in Spanish). 2000. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  62. ↑ "Ex concejala ratificó la existencia de comegatos en Rosario" [Former municipal council member ratified the existence of "cat eaters" in Rosario]. Diario Uno (in Spanish). June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  63. ↑ Ricardo Luque (May 8, 1996). "En una villa comen animales domésticos para sobrevivir" [In a shanty town they eat domestic animals to survive]. La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  64. ↑ Ryan, Missy (September 28, 2001). "'Cat-eaters' take note — feline feast at Peru festival". PlanetArk.com. Archived from the original on September 11, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
  65. ↑ Golgowksi, Nina (October 15, 2013). "Judge bans Peruvian town's annual cat-eating festival" Archived September 25, 2020, at the Wayback Machine . Daily News (New York).
  66. ↑ "'Miaustura': El festival de Cañete donde comen carne de gato (Y que indigna a muchos) [VIDEO]". August 23, 2019.
  67. ↑ Collyns, Dan (October 18, 2013). "Claws out as Peruvian judge suspends annual cat race and feast" Archived May 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine . The Guardian .
  68. ↑ "President Trump signs the Farm Bill making dog and cat meat illegal in the United States". WRDW-TV . Associated Press. December 21, 2018. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  69. ↑ Sahih Muslim , 21:4752
  70. ↑ "Sahih Muslim 1934a - The Book of Hunting, Slaughter, and what may be Eaten". Sahih Muslim. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  71. ↑ Rabbi Louis Jacobs (January 31, 2014). "Kosher Animals". My Jewish Learning. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  72. ↑ "Kashrut: Jewish Dietary Laws". Judaism 101. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  73. ↑ "Activists protest against cat eating in Shenzhen." In: Xinhua. June 18, 2006.
  74. ↑ Website of the Chinese Animal Protection Network (CAPN).
  75. ↑ Zheng Caixiong: "City bans popular Cantonese dish of snake and cat." In: China Daily. November 6, 2007.
  76. ↑ Merritt Clifton: "Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats." In: Animal People. November 2007. Archived March 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  77. ↑ Nguồn gốc giống Mèo đông dương. "BestForPets". vtv.vn. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  78. ↑ "A FOUR PAWS report on the dog and cat meat trade in Southeast Asia" on February 11, 2020, at Dogcatmeat.four-paws.org
  79. ↑ "Spezialgericht 'Little Tiger': Handel mit Katzenfleisch in Vietnam boomt" on August 12, 2020, in Tt.com
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.