Chilean cuisine

Last updated • 28 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Dulce de leche, known in Chile as manjar DulceDeLeche.jpg
Dulce de leche, known in Chile as manjar
Mote con huesillo Mote con huesillo.jpg
Mote con huesillo

Chilean cuisine [1] stems mainly from the combination of traditional Spanish cuisine, Chilean Mapuche culture and local ingredients, with later important influences from other European cuisines, particularly from Germany, the United Kingdom and France. The food tradition and recipes in Chile are notable for the variety of flavours and ingredients, with the country's diverse geography and climate hosting a wide range of agricultural produce, fruits and vegetables. The long coastline and the peoples' relationship with the Pacific Ocean add an immense array of seafood to Chilean cuisine, with the country's waters home to unique species of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and algae, thanks to the oxygen-rich water carried in by the Humboldt Current. Chile is also one of the world's largest producers of wine and many Chilean recipes are enhanced and accompanied by local wines. The confection dulce de leche was invented in Chile and is one of the country's most notable contributions to world cuisine. [2]

Contents

Chilean cuisine shares some similarities with Mediterranean cuisine, as the Matorral region, stretching from 32° to 37° south, is one of the world's five Mediterranean climate zones.

History

With the arrival of the Spanish conquerors led by Pedro de Valdivia in 1540 came some of the products that would become staples of Chilean cuisine—wheat, pigs, sheep, cattle, chickens and wine—while the native peoples contributed potatoes, maize, beans, and seafood. Various combinations of these basic ingredients form the basis of most characteristic Chilean dishes. After the establishment of the colony, products and dishes like chuchoca (coarsely ground dry corn), humitas, locro, and seaweeds like cochayuyo and luche served with boiled eggs became popular. Meals in colonial times tended to be heavy and rich. Lunch was always bigger than dinner, starting with a dish called de residencia of fish, meat, or poultry, followed by a guiso stew with choclo (fresh sweet corn) and potatoes. There were three kinds of bread accompanying the meals: tortilla de rescoldo, Spanish bread (made of fatty dough), and Chilean bread (flat and crunchy). Lunch and dinner ended with herbal infusions, generally paico to help digestion, and finally fruit for dessert, mainly strawberries and lucumas.

In the seventeenth century, pastry was popularized by the nuns who baked it in convents. A popular Chilean saying, “tiene mano de monja” (“s/he has the hands of a nun”), comes from this period and refers to someone who is skilled at baking or cooking in general. The nuns’ pastry recipes quickly become popular among the rest of the Chilean population. During the same period, geese and turkeys arrived in Chile from Mexico and melons and watermelons came from Jamaica. During the eighteenth century, Chilean cuisine started to become more sophisticated, particularly among the aristocracy. Tea and coffee began to replace mate, Chilean wine became popular and people started to drink chicha, a sweet, undistilled wine made from fermented grapes or apples.

During the early years of Chilean independence, the so-called Patria Vieja, Chileans celebrated with empanadas, chicha and red wine, which is still traditional today at the annual celebrations of independence.

Immigration to Chile

During the nineteenth century, Chile began to form its own identity and food became a part of this. Immigration, which had been limited and incidental at the beginning of the young republic, was now actively encouraged by the Chilean government between late nineteenth century and early 20th century. The variety of produce increased with the arrival of German immigrants in the south of the country, who had a strong influence on Chilean cuisine, even until today. They brought with them pork dishes, sausages and pastries. Today, Berliners and kuchens are common in bakeries throughout Chile. Italian immigrants contributed pasta and meat products, and in towns like Capitán Pastene in the south of Chile, they still prepare prosciutto in the same way as the first Italian immigrants. [3]

In the twentieth century, French culture had a strong influence on Chile, including its cuisine. French gastronomy and techniques influenced the preparation of the food, and even replaced some dishes, for example the Spanish tortilla, which was replaced by the omelette. Along with the Italians, Germans, and French came Croatians, Greeks, Palestinians, Belgians and Basques. In the 21st century, Chile is a modern and prosperous country with strong economic growth bringing greater disposable income and the consequent development of a rich gastronomic industry. [4]

To some extent food consumption is related to blanqueamiento or whitening. For example, in Osorno, a Chilean city with a strong German heritage, consumption of desserts, marmalades and kuchens whitens the inhabitants of the city. [5] While indigenous and raw dishes such a ñachi are associated with masculinity, European cuisine and specially desserts are considered feminine. [5]

Major crops and products

Agriculture in Chile encompasses a wide range of different activities and products, due to the unique geography, climate and geology. Historically, agriculture was one of the bases of Chile's economy; now, however, agriculture and related sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounts for only about 4.9% of the GDP. Major agricultural products of Chile include grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, maize, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool, fish and timber. [6]

American crops

Old-world crops

Fish and seafood

A characteristic of Chilean cuisine is the variety and quality of fish and seafood, due to the geographic location and extensive coastline. The Humboldt current brings a supply of seafood that gathers along the Pacific coast perpendicular to Chilean waters. These include:

Fish

Seafood

Cuisine of the north

Northern cuisine is strongly influenced by the Andean Aymara, Diaguita and Atacameño cultures, and also by the coastal Chango people. The northern diet is traditionally high in protein. The use of tubers like the apilla or oca and the ulluco is common, though these are practically unknown in central and southern Chilean cuisine. Traditional northern Chilean cuisine also includes the use of camelid meats like llama and alpaca. The herb rica-rica, which is endemic to the region, is used as a seasoning. [8] Dishes like chairo have been prepared for centuries by the Andean cultures, although they are not as common nowadays among the northern Chilean population and are almost unknown in the rest of Chile.

Recipes from the northern regions of Chile

  • Asado: Meat roasted on the barbecue. In the north it is possible to find asados prepared with alpaca meat.
  • Chicharrón de papa: Pieces of meat and fat from llama and lamb, boiled and then fried. Served with potatoes, salad, or consumed as a snack by farmers and peasants.
  • Guatitas: A stew of cow stomach (guatita means “tummy”).
  • Chairo: An altiplanic llama stew, one of the least known in the rest of Chile.
  • Charqui: Dried and salted meat, originally llama.
  • Carapulcra: Spicy soup, with potatoes, corn and different kinds of meat.
  • Tortilla de mariscos: A kind of omelette of beaten eggs fried with seafood and chorizo, similar to prawn tortilla from Spain.
  • Machas a la parmesana: A type of shellfish similar to the razor clam that is cooked in the oven with bits of Parmesan cheese and other condiments. Is often eaten as an appetizer.
  • Conchas de camarones: Prawns, leeks, and cheese, milk and other ingredients form a mix that is served in oyster shells.
  • Erizos con salsa verde: Sea urchin is very abundant in the Chilean seas, but its extraction is limited by the government to only certain times of the year. It is often eaten raw with a little lemon, coriander or parsley, and onion, as an appetizer.
  • Caldillo de congrio: A fish stew with conger eel and vegetables, commonly found throughout the country.
  • Picante de conejo, cow stomach or chicken: Spicy dish of vegetables fried and stewed with meat of rabbit, chicken, or cow stomach. Hand crushed potatoes are added at the end.
  • Plateada con quinoa: Literally “silver-plated”. A cut of beef known in English as “rib cap” is cooked with quinoa, onions, garlic and white wine.
  • Cazuela marina: A stew of different types of seafood, such as razor clams, oysters and shrimp, similar to paila marina but with more vegetables.
  • Estofado de cordero: Lamb stew.
  • Ensalada chilena nortina: Onions and tomatoes prepared a la julienne. It is similar to the basic ensalada chilena with the addition of goat cheese and olives.
  • Ensalada de quinoa: Quinoa salad comprising quinoa and other vegetables.
  • Timbal de quinoa: A mix of quinoa, avocado and other ingredients; served shaped like a timbal drum.
  • Risotto de quinoa y pimientos amarillos: Quinoa risotto with yellow peppers.
  • Sango: A kind of bread made from wheat flour cooked with oil and salt; served with chicharrones

Cuisine of the central valley and coast

The cuisine of the central valley and coast has been influenced by the traditions of the native people and European immigrants, particularly those who arrived during the second half of the nineteenth century, with farm life and agriculture the most important influence. In the past, agriculture was a very important aspect of the economy and the Fundo (ranch, farm) was the centre of everyday life. Country traditions still survive and food is a good example of this.

Dishes from the central regions of Chile

  • Sopa de mariscos: A soup of mixed seafood.
  • Locos con mayonesa (“locos with mayonnaise”), accompanied usually with lettuce and potato salad.
  • Palta reina: Avocado stuffed with chicken salad, tuna, prawns, or other fillings.
  • Tomates rellenos: Stuffed tomatoes, generally filled with sweetcorn, mayonnaise, and other ingredients.
  • Pastel de choclo: a layered pie, usually made in a deep dish or a clay paila with chopped beef at the bottom prepared “al pino” (a thick stew of minced or chopped beef, chopped onions and seasoning), chicken, olives and a hard-boiled egg, topped with a mixture of ground fresh corn and basil, and baked in the oven.
  • Humitas: similar to Mexican tamales, the humita is a mixture of fresh and ground corn baked inside corn husks.
  • Porotos granados: a stew of fresh white beans, ground choclo and other vegetables.
  • Albóndigas al jugo (meatballs in sauce)
  • Cazuela de ave: like normal cazuela but with chicken instead of beef
  • Empanadas fritas de queso: empanadas stuffed with cheese and then deep fried.
  • Pantrucas: a type of dumpling or pasta made without eggs, cut in irregular pieces and later mixed with vegetable soup or beef stock.
  • Charquican: a stew of charqui (dried beef) or regular beef, with potatoes, corn and other vegetables
  • Jaibas rellenas: stuffed crabs
  • Pastel de jaiba: crab pie
  • Tomaticán: a thick vegetable stew, similar to Charquican but with tomatoes.
  • Pastel de papa: a pie made in layers, with minced beef in the bottom and mashed potatoes on top, similar to the English cottage pie.
  • Brochetas: a variety of anticucho or kebab
  • Pan de Pascua: similar to a sweet sponge cake flavoured with ginger, cinnamon, liquor and honey. It usually contains candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds.
  • Pan amasado: a traditional type of bread, which has animal fat in it. It is kneaded for a long time to achieve a very dense type of bread.
  • Leche asada: A baked milk dessert with caramel, similar to the original panna cotta made with eggs instead of gelatine, as it is made in most places today.

Cuisine from southern Chile

Southern Chilean cuisine has been greatly influenced by Mapuche cuisine and Chilote cuisine. There are two products that have attracted particular attention: the Merkén condiment and the “Kollongka”, Araucana or Mapuche chicken, known by their unusual blue-green eggs. Another great influence on southern Chilean cuisine was immigration from Europe, particularly the German migration of the nineteenth century. Traditional German cakes and desserts have been adopted in much of Chile. As in the rest of Chile, seafood has a very important place in the diet, but due to the thousands of islands that make up the southern region, the ocean has a particular relevance here.

Dishes from southern Chile

  • Merkén: a traditional Mapuche condiment, made with dried and smoked red chillis and coriander, ground to a fine powder. It is used to season all kinds of dishes.
  • Araucana, Kollongka or Mapuche Chicken: Endemic to southern Chile, known by their light blue/green eggs.
  • Caldillo de almejas: Clam soup [9] (“caldillo” is a clear thin soup).
  • Chupe de locos: A rich stew made with the loco or Chilean abalone, served with bread and baked in clay pots or “Paila de greda”
  • Sopa de ostras: Oyster soup
  • Pastel de pescado: Fish pie
  • Arrollado de chancho and Arrollado de huaso: Pork roll and chilli roll.
  • Asado de cordero: Lamb barbecue.
  • Asado al palo: A form of roasting or barbecuing meat in which the whole animal (usually a lamb) is put on a stick next to a big wood fire and cooked for several hours until tender.
  • Cancato: A baked stew of fish, cheese, onions and pepper, seasoned with lemon and wine.
  • Cazuela chilota: The Chiloé version of cazuela differs from traditional cazuela because the stock is made either of dried cholgas (ribbed mussels) and cabbage or of luche (a brown leafy alga) and lamb instead of beef or chicken, giving it a very distinct flavour.
  • Sopa chilota de pescado seco: Dried fish soup.
  • Curanto: A traditional preparation where seafood and meat is cooked in a big hole in the ground using heated stones.
  • Pulmay: A kind of curanto, cooked in a big casserole dish instead of a hole.
  • Chapalele: A Chilean dumpling made from boiled potatoes and wheat flour.
  • Crudos: Crudos (Spanish for “raw”) is a typical German-Chilean dish similar to a steak tartare.
  • Empanadas: a stuffed baked pastry, filled with meat, onions and other condiments. They can also be fried or have different fillings.
  • Milcao: The dish is a type of potato pancake prepared with raw grated potatoes and cooked mashed potatoes mixed with other ingredients.
  • Chochoca: Also known as chochoyeco, trotroyeco or trutru, this is a traditional Chilote dish prepared with raw squeezed potatoes and boiled mashed potatoes or flour, stuck to a pole and roasted in a fireplace.
  • Valdiviano: One of the oldest dishes in Chilean cuisine and named after the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, this soup made of jerky, onions and potatoes was one of the dishes eaten by the conquering Spanish troops.

Baked goods, desserts and breads

Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages

Other typical Chilean dishes

Easter Island or Rapa Nui cuisine

Easter Island cuisine includes dishes of both Chilean and Polynesian extraction. It includes a much wider array of fish than the mainland cuisine, and some fruits and tubers that are not possible to find in continental Chile. [10]

Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages

Chile's unique combination of geography and climate make it ideal for wine growing. This tradition goes back to the sixteenth century and the arrival Spanish conquistadors, and has grown as an industry in recent decades, making Chile one of the world's biggest wine producers. Wine is not the only traditionally produced and consumed beverage, however: the northern regions produce aguardiente, a distillation of grape, the favourite liquor of many Chileans, and the southern regions are known for their high-quality beers.

  • Borgoña (drink): Cold red wine with chopped strawberries and sugar.
  • Chicha: Sweet fermented wine, usually made from grapes but sometimes from apples too. This is typically drunk around the 18 September independence day celebrations.
  • Chilean Aguardiente: Similar to Italian grappa, made by distilling grape residues.
  • Licor de oro (golden liquor): A liquor distilled from a mixture of aguardiente and fermented milk.
  • Cola de mono (literally, monkey's tail): Made and consumed throughout Chile, this is a traditional Chilean drink served around Christmas time, very much like the tradition of serving eggnog during Christmas in North America. Its texture and taste are somewhat similar to a White Russian.
  • Murtado: Liquor based on Aguardiente and Ugni molinae.
  • Fanschop: A glass of half beer and half orange soda Fanta.
  • Jote: Red wine with cola, popular among students.
  • Melon con vino: Honeydew melon, called Melon Tuna in Chile, with the top cut off and filled with ice and wine.
  • Navegado: Warm red wine with slices of orange and sugar, similar to mulled wine.
  • Pipeño or Vino pipeño: A type of sweet fermented wine.
  • Piscola: Pisco with cola and ice.
  • Ponche a la Romana: Champagne with pineapple ice cream. Typically served on New Year's Eve. [11]
  • Terremoto (Earthquake): Vino pipeño with pineapple ice cream served in a one-liter glass. The next round usually contains the same drink though only in a glass that holds half a liter. This is called a Replica (aftershock).
  • Mango sour: a mixture of aguardiente and mango juice, similar to the Peruvian pisco sour
  • Papaya sour: a mixture of aguardiente and papaya juice.
  • Pajarete: originally from Spain, a sweet viscous wine produced in the Atacama Region and Coquimbo Region.
  • Té frío: A curiosity rather than a unique beverage. In the market of Angelmo, Puerto Montt, at a time when it was forbidden to serve alcohol, the white wine was served in a cup of tea instead of a glass to disguise the forbidden content.
  • Vaina Chilena  [ es ]: A cocktail containing cognac, aged wine, egg yolk, cinnamon and sometimes cocoa liquor.
Non-alcoholic beverages
  • Ulpo: Toasted flour and water or milk.
  • Leche con plátano: Fresh milk blended with banana and ice.
  • Leche con lucuma: Fresh milk blended with lucuma and ice
  • Mote con huesillo: Cooked dried peaches and fresh cooked husked wheat served as a drink. It can also be classified as a dessert.

Sandwiches and Chilean fast food

Beside the big fast food chains present in almost every country in the world, Chile has its own traditional “fast food”. The traditional empanada can be eaten at September independence day celebrations or as a quick lunch. The Chilean version of the hot dog is more complex than standard North American hotdogs: as well as mustard and ketchup, it can be topped with mashed avocado, chopped tomatoes, sauerkraut and home-made mayonnaise. During the cold winter, sopaipillas are also a popular snack served on the streets.

  • Barros Jarpa: Grilled cheese and ham on white bun. Named after Chilean minister Ernesto Barros Jarpa.
  • Barros Luco: Grilled cheese and meat on white bread. Named after the Chilean President Ramón Barros Luco (President from 1910 to 1915).
  • Churrasco Italiano (Italian): Named after the colours of the Italian flag (red tomatoes, white mayonnaise and green mashed avocados), it is a beef sandwich topped with tomato, avocado and mayonnaise.
  • Chacarero: like the normal churrasco, but with green beans and tomatoes.
  • Choripán: chorizo or longaniza in bun, which in Chile is usually a piece of marraqueta.
  • Completo: Hot dog with tomato, avocado, salsa Americana (a mashed mixture of gherkins, pickled carrots and onion) and sauerkraut (chucrut).
  • Italiano: Hot dog with tomato, avocado and mayonnaise.
  • Lomito Alemán (German): Pork sandwich topped with tomatoes, mayonnaise and sauerkraut; may contain sliced pickles.
  • Sopaipilla

Starters and salads

  • Ensalada Chilena
  • Ensalada Chilena Nortina
  • Ensalada de pencas
  • Ensalada de apio: Celery salad, with the celery peeled chopped and seasoned with lemon, salt and olive oil. It can also contain boiled eggs.
  • Panqueques verdes: Layered pancakes filled with vegetables.
  • Zapallitos rellenos: Stuffed zucchini.
  • Palta reina: Stuffed avocado.
  • Tomates rellenos: Stuffed tomatoes.
  • Tortilla de porotos verdes: Green bean tortilla.

Cereals and legumes

Legumes have been important in Chilean cuisine since pre-colonial times, with beans, lentils and chickpeas as part of a traditional diet and generally cooked with rice, fresh sweet corn or even pasta (Porotos con rienda)

  • Garbanzos con arroz: Chickpeas with rice cooked in a stew.
  • Porotos con riendas (literally, “beans with reins”): A stew of beans and spaghetti.
  • Porotos Granados con mazamorra: fresh beans and ground fresh corn.
  • Porotos Granados con pilco: Pilco is a mix of corn, tomato, onion, garlic, cumin, basil, green chilli, paprika and pumpkin.
  • Lentejas con arroz: Stew of lentils and rice, usually accompanied by longaniza or chorizo.
  • Arroz graneado: Rice is one of the most popular side dishes, in Chile is generally fried with a clove of garlic and carrot (Brunoise). It can also contain red peppers and onions.
  • Arroz con huevo: Arroz graneado and fried eggs
  • Choritos con arroz: Arroz graneado topped with mussels before the rise of fully cooked.

Pasta

Pasta is very common in everyday Chilean meals, but is not prepared very differently from in other countries, except for some changes in the name and forms of the pasta itself. Bolognese, white sauce (béchamel), and cream-based sauces are the most common.

Tortillas

  • Croquetas de pescado: Fish cakes, generally made of tuna and called “croquetas de atun”.
  • Fritos de coliflor: Cauliflower cakes
  • Panqueques: Crepes, are usually eaten with Dulce de leche or Manjar, but they can also be a main course, layered with vegetables, or layered into a sweet cake.
  • Tortilla: The basic flour and egg tortilla can be mixed with potatoes, cauliflower, peas, green beans, carrots, seafood and many other ingredients.
  • Sopaipillas: can be also described as tortillas.
  • Chapalele
  • Milcao

Empanadas

Empanadas are common in many cultures with different names. In Chile, empanadas can have distinctive fillings and can also be cooked in unusual ways to give them a very distinctive flavour and shape. For this reason, empanada sellers in Chile (whether a restaurant, street stand, market, etc.) always specify if their empanadas are fried or baked.

  • Empanadas: Can either be “de horno”, baked, or “fritas”, fried.
The most popular fillings are

Breads

Chileans are one of the biggest bread eaters in the world; second after the Germans, in fact. [12] [13] [14] [15] Chileans eat bread at breakfast, lunch (as a side or appetiser), Las onces or dinner. Bread for “onces” should be as fresh as possible, ideally bought still hot from the local bakery.

Chilean breads Hallulla and Marraqueta Panes chilenos.JPG
Chilean breads Hallulla and Marraqueta
  • Marraqueta, also called Pan Batido or Pan Frances: a staple in any home, marraqueta is a simple kind of bread which is characteristic for having a crispy crust and a soft, airy interior. Marraqueta and mashed avocado are the most common element in “las onces”.
  • Hallulla
  • Pan amasado
  • Pan de huevo
  • Coliza This bread is rectangular or diamond shaped with a flat top. The bread is made of layers and layers of dough and is easily pulled apart. It also looks like the bread is folded over and over. [16]
  • Dobladas, also called dobladitas: similar to colizas, made of fatty and heavy dough folded in triangles.
  • Pan con chicharrones
  • Tortilla de rescoldo

Salsas (sauces)

Meat dishes

Meat is very important in Chilean cuisine and for many Chileans it is essential ingredient in every dinner or lunch. According to studies, Chilean per capita meat consumption (including poultry, beef and pork) has doubled in the last two decades [17] while seafood consumption has decreased.

Poultry dishes

Chicken is the most common of the poultry meats and is an ingredient in traditional dishes like Asado, Pastel de choclo and Cazuela. Although in recent years turkey has become popular, it is not quite a tradition. Duck is rarely consumed in the centre and northern regions, but can be popular in southern countryside.

Beef dishes

Although imported beef is available from other Latin American countries, Chileans prefer locally produced beef. Chilean cattle is fed with mineral-rich prairie grass and produced generally in small herds in small farms instead of being mass-produced and fattened on corn, as in some other countries. This produces leaner beef, but since it is the fat within the muscle tissue that makes beef tender, it also makes it tougher beef. [19] Along with the previously mentioned asado, cazuela and empanadas, other Chilean beef dishes include:

Pork dishes
  • Costillar de chancho: A whole rack of pork ribs, roasted in the oven or barbecue.
  • Arrollado de chancho and Arrollado Huaso
  • Queso de cabeza (literally, “head cheese”):A kind of pudding with a jelly consistency made from the soft parts of a pig's head.
  • Longaniza
  • Chorizo
  • Chicharron Fried pieces of meat and fat.
  • Prietas con Papas Cocidas: a blood sausage with boiled potatoes.
  • Estofado de chancho: Pork stew.
  • Patas de chancho Rebozadas: Pork feet boiled with herbs, accompanied by pebre and bread.
  • Pernil con papas cocidas: Roasted pork leg with boiled potatoes, and usually accompanied by sauerkraut.

Lamb and goat dishes

This rich meat is not commonly eaten in much of Chile but it is very popular in Patagonia among both local people and tourists.

Rabbit dishes

Rabbit can also be prepared as:

Intestinos (offal) dishes

  • Criadillas: Bull testicles
  • Guatitas: Beef stomach
  • Lengua con salsa tártara: Beef tongue
  • Panitas: Liver
  • Bistec de Panitas: Liver steak
  • Riñones al Jerez (wine): Kidney and sherry
  • Ubres asadas: Udders quickly roasted
  • Queso de cabeza (head cheese): A kind of pudding with a jelly consistency made from the soft parts of a pig's head.

Various stews

Fish and shellfish

Chileans enjoy all kinds of seafood, sometimes prepared raw with lemon, coriander and onions, or just simply in the shell with lemon juice and a glass of white wine. Seafood markets are commonly found in fishing villages.

Fish
Shellfish

Sweets, cakes, and desserts

Two cuchuflies. Cuchuflies.jpg
Two cuchuflíes.

There are many different kinds of cakes in Chile and home baking is a popular alternative to the bakery. These are the most common varieties:

In Chile, most desserts and sweets include dulce de leche, which is referred to as manjar

See also

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Dominican cuisine is made up of Spanish, Indigenous Taíno, Middle Eastern, and African influences. The most recent influences in Dominican cuisine are from the British West Indies and China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uruguayan cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Uruguay

Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines from several European countries, especially of Mediterranean foods from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France. Other influences on the cuisine resulted from immigration from countries such as Germany and Scotland. Uruguayan gastronomy is a result of immigration, rather than local Amerindian cuisine, because of late-19th and early 20th century immigration waves of, mostly, Italians. Spanish influences are abundant: desserts like churros, flan, ensaimadas yoo (Catalan sweet bread), and alfajores were all brought from Spain. There are also various kinds of stews known as guisos or estofados, arroces, and fabada. All of the guisos and traditional pucheros (stews) are also of Spanish origin. Uruguayan preparations of fish, such as dried salt cod (bacalao), calamari, and octopus, originate from the Basque and Galician regions, and also Portugal. Due to its strong Italian tradition, all of the famous Italian pasta dishes are present in Uruguay including ravioli, lasagne, tortellini, fettuccine, and the traditional gnocchi. Although the pasta can be served with many sauces, there is one special sauce that was created by Uruguayans. Caruso sauce is a pasta sauce made from double cream, meat, onions, ham and mushrooms. It is very popular with sorrentinos and agnolotti. Additionally, there is Germanic influence in Uruguayan cuisine as well, particularly in sweet dishes. The pastries known as bizcochos are Germanic in origin: croissants, known as medialunas, are the most popular of these, and can be found in two varieties: butter- and lard-based. Also German in origin are the Berlinese known as bolas de fraile, and the rolls called piononos. The Biscochos were re-christened with local names given the difficult German phonology, and usually Uruguayanized by the addition of a dulce de leche filling. Even dishes like chucrut (sauerkraut) have also made it into mainstream Uruguayan dishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guatemalan cuisine</span> Culinary tradition

Most traditional foods in Guatemalan cuisine are based on Maya cuisine, with Spanish influence, and prominently feature corn, chilies and beans as key ingredients. Guatemala is famously home to the Hass avocado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antojito</span> Mexican street food called "antojitos" in Spanish

Mexican street food, called antojitos, is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in Mexico. Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles, fajitas, tortas, even hamburgers and hot dogs, as well as fresh fruits, vegetables, beverages and soups such as menudo, pozole and pancita. Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day. Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and Forbes named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities in the world in which to eat on the street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belizean cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Belize

Belizean cuisine is an amalgamation of all ethnicities in the nation of Belize and their respectively wide variety of foods. Breakfast often consists of sides of bread, flour tortillas, or fry jacks that are often homemade and eaten with various cheeses. All are often accompanied with refried beans, cheeses, and various forms of eggs, etc. Inclusive is also cereal along with milk, coffee, or tea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paraguayan cuisine</span> Set of dishes and culinary techniques of Paraguay

Paraguayan cuisine is the set of dishes and culinary techniques of Paraguay. It has a marked influence of the Guaraní people combined with the Spanish cuisine and other marked influences coming from the immigration received by bordering countries such as Italian cuisine and German cuisine. The city of Asunción is the epicenter of the distinctive gastronomy that extends in current Paraguay and its areas of influence, which is the reason why is considered the mother of the gastronomy of the Río de la Plata. It is worth clarifying that in the Paraguayan society, the exchange of knowledge between mestizos, creoles and cario-guaraní people occurred before the Jesuit missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Texan cuisine</span> Food and drinks from Texas

Texan cuisine is the food associated with the Southern U.S. state of Texas, including its native Southwestern cuisine–influenced Tex-Mex foods. Texas is a large state, and its cuisine has been influenced by a wide range of cultures, including Tejano/Mexican, Native American, Creole/Cajun, African-American, German, Czech, Southern and other European American groups. The cuisine of neighboring states also influences Texan cuisine, such as New Mexican cuisine and Louisiana Creole cuisine. This can be seen in the widespread usage of New Mexico chiles, Cayenne peppers, and Tabasco sauce in Texan cooking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuisine of Valladolid</span> Typical gastronomy of Valladolid, Spain

The gastronomy of the province of Valladolid comprises the meals, their preparation, and the culinary habits of the province of Valladolid. It is based on barbecued and roast food, especially roasted Spanish cuisine, complemented by wines.

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