Type | Dim sum |
---|---|
Course | Hors d'oeuvre |
Place of origin | China |
Region or state | East Asia and Southeast Asia |
Variations | See below |
Spring roll | |||||||||||
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Chinese | 春卷 | ||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | chūn juǎn | ||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | chēun gyún | ||||||||||
Literal meaning | Spring roll | ||||||||||
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Spring rolls are rolled appetizers or dim sum commonly found in Chinese,Vietnamese and Southeast Asian cuisines. The kind of wrapper,fillings,and cooking technique used,as well as the name,vary considerably depending on the region's culture,though they are generally filled with vegetables.
Spring rolls are a seasonal food consumed during the spring,and started as a pancake filled with the new season's spring vegetables,a welcome change from the preserved foods of the long winter months. [1] In Chinese cuisine,spring rolls are savoury rolls with cabbage and other vegetable fillings inside a thinly wrapped cylindrical pastry. They are usually eaten during the Spring Festival in mainland China,hence the name. Meat varieties,particularly pork,are also popular. Fried spring rolls are generally small and crisp. They can be sweet or savoury;the former often with red bean paste filling,and the latter are typically prepared with vegetables. They are fully wrapped before being pan-fried or deep-fried.
Non-fried spring rolls are typically bigger and more savoury. Unlike fried spring rolls,non-fried ones are typically made by filling the wrapping with pre-cooked ingredients. Traditionally,they are a festive food eaten during the Cold Food Day festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day festival in spring to remember and pay respect to ancestors. The Hakka population sometimes also eats spring rolls on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar (三月三sān yuèsān). The wrappings can be a flour-based mix or batter.
Spring roll is a fried dish usually available as a dim sum. [2] They typically contain minced pork,shredded carrot,bean sprouts and other vegetables served with dipping sauce.
In Taiwan,the most commonly eaten non-fried spring rolls are popiah ,called rùn bǐng (潤餅) in Mandarin or po̍h-piáⁿ (薄餅) in Hokkien. In northern Taiwan,the ingredients are generally flavoured with herbs,stir-fried,and sometimes topped with a finely ground peanut powder before being wrapped. In southern Taiwan,the ingredients are generally boiled or blanched in plain water. Sometimes caster or super fine sugar is added along with the peanut powder before all the ingredients are wrapped.
In Japan,spring rolls are known as harumaki (春巻き) and are often served with karashi mustard or soy sauce.
Lumpia is the name for spring rolls in Indonesia [3] and the Philippines,which was derived from Southern Chinese spring rolls. The name lumpia derives from Hokkien lunpia (Chinese :潤餅; pinyin :rùnbǐng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī :jūn-piáⁿ,lūn-piáⁿ) and was introduced in the Philippine islands during the 17th century. [4] It is a savoury snack made of thin crepe pastry skin enveloping a mixture of savoury fillings,consists of chopped vegetables;carrots,cabbages,green beans,bamboo shoots,banana heart and leeks,or sometimes also minced meat;chicken,shrimp,pork or beef. [5] It is often served as an appetizer or snack,and might be served deep fried or fresh (unfried). In both Malaysia,Singapore and Thailand,it is called popiah similar to in Taiwan,while in Myanmar,it is referred as kawpyan (ကော်ပြန့်). [6]
The Cambodian fried spring rolls are called chai yor (Khmer :ចៃយ៉) or naem chien (ណែមចៀន). Despite originating in the Chinese Cambodian community,nowadays fried spring rolls have spread throughout the country. They are different from Chinese spring rolls with their filling often not being cooked before frying,making Cambodian spring rolls lighter. In addition to that,fish sauce is usually used in the filling,instead of oyster or soy sauce,and Cambodian spring rolls,if not reheated,are fried only once. [7]
The fried version with minced pork or chicken is called imperial rolls or chảgiò (southern Vietnam),nem cuốn,chảcuốn or Nem rán (northern Vietnam). They are often called "egg rolls" and "spring rolls" in Western countries,which is a misnomer. Central Vietnam has its own version of a fried roll called "ram". Ram is always made from whole shell-on shrimp or chopped de-shelled shrimp and some green onions,wrapped in rice paper and deep fried. Like most speciality food items from central Vietnam,ram is not widely available in Vietnamese restaurants overseas.
A Vietnamese imperial roll is different from a Chinese spring roll in that it is typically smaller and contains ground or chopped meats/seafood such as pork,crab,shrimp,chicken,taro or cassava,glass noodles,wood-ear fungi or oyster mushrooms,and shredded carrots. Rice paper is traditionally used as wrappers. However,several Vietnamese restaurants in Western countries may use egg spring roll wrappers due to the unavailability of rice paper or ease of use.
Rice paper rolls or summer rolls are a Vietnamese delicacy known as "gỏi cuốn". Depending on the region,salad rolls were made differently. Some vegetarian families make vegetarian rice paper rolls rather than meat rice paper rolls. [8] However,the typical ingredients include slivers of cooked pork (most often cha pork sausages),shrimp,sometimes chicken or tofu,fresh herbs like basil or cilantro,lettuce,cucumbers,sometimes fresh garlic,chives,rice vermicelli,all wrapped in moistened rice paper. A typical "gỏi cuốn" may only contain boiled pork,boiled rice noodles,cucumber,carrot and herbs. Fresh Vietnamese rice paper rolls can be made at home or found at Vietnamese restaurants [9] [10] and some grocery stores. They are served at room temperature with dipping sauce. Nước chấm,tương xào,or a hoisin peanut sauce are all common dipping sauces. A typical hoisin dipping sauce includes chilli,hoisin sauce,peanut butter and sugar. A standard "nước mắm pha" (nước chấm) dipping sauce is composed of fish sauce,lime,garlic,sugar,and chillies or simply fish sauce,sugar and vinegar.
In Australia,a diverse range of authentic Asian cuisine is available due to immigration,multiculturalism,and the abundant fresh local produce. Both dim sims and Chiko Rolls were inspired by Chinese spring rolls.
Small spring rolls that have either a vegetable filling,or a meat filling are a popular snack sold in many takeaway shops in Australia. Frozen spring rolls can also be purchased in supermarkets,to cook at home.
Australians also have their own version of a spring roll that can be found in many fish and chip shops in Australia and bought from a supermarket,which is the Chiko Roll. Rather than using pastry with a rolling technique,they have a more doughy texture.
In Austria,Switzerland,and Germany,deep-fried spring rolls are called Frühlingsrolle,while the Vietnamese salad rolls are called Sommerrolle ("summer roll"). The French call them nem for the fried ones and rouleaux de printemps for the others,whereas in Poland,they are known as sajgonki,named after Saigon,the city from which many of the Vietnamese immigrants in Poland originated.
In the Netherlands and Belgium,spring rolls are known as loempia and are deep-fried or sometimes baked. They are thought to have been introduced by immigrants (including Chinese) from Indonesia,a former colony of the Netherlands. Loempias are filled with bean sprouts,chopped omelette,and sliced chicken or crab. It's also getting more common for loempias to appear with sweet and spicy sauces.
In the United Kingdom spring rolls used to be,and sometimes still are,known as pancake rolls,though these tend to be somewhat larger than those described as spring rolls.
In the Nordic countries,they are known as vårrullar/er (Swedish/Norwegian), [11] [12] forårsruller (Danish),or kevätkääryle (Finnish).
Madison has a hyper-local variety of spring roll unique to the city. In Madison,spring rolls are often served in an extra large format weighing between 1-1.5 lbs. [13] These spring rolls,originally created by a Thai immigrant in 2006, [14] are stuffed with cabbage,cilantro,iceberg lettuce,jalapenos,avocado,cucumbers and rice noodles. [15] They can be found at numerous restaurants and food stalls in the city.
In Brazil,spring rolls are called either rolinhos-primavera (IPA: [ʁoˈlĩɲuspɾimɐˈvɛɾɐ] ), which is an approximate free translation from English, or as it is called in Japanese restaurants and among people who are used to the plate by the way it came to Brazil from Japanese immigrants, "spring roll" (春巻き, harumaki) (IPA: [haɾɯmaki] ). They can be found mostly in Chinese restaurants, usually served with a molho agridoce (sweet and sour sauce) to dip, usually bright red and hot, made with ketchup, vinegar, sugar and sometimes spices such as star anise, which accompanies some other kinds of dishes, and can include onion and sweet pepper. Some Japanese restaurants also serve spring rolls in Brazil, but generally plain or with soy sauce to dip (molho agridoce is also available in some). They are also found in buffet-like fast food restaurants, and can be called either by the Japanese or Brazilian Portuguese name, but most often the latter.
In Chile, spring rolls are called arrollado primavera, and supermarkets, street vendors and Chinese restaurants sell them. (However, in other countries, "arrollado primavera" refers to a savoury pinwheel-type roll made with thin sponge cake and should not be confused with the Chilean version.)
In Costa Rica, spring rolls are called in Spanish rollito de primavera ("little spring roll"), but are popularly known as "Taco Chino" and are offered in almost all Chinese restaurants as an entree or appetizer.
In Mexico, spring rolls are called rollos primavera (which translates directly to "spring rolls") and are sold in many Chinese restaurants and fast-food establishments accompanied with sweet and sour or soy sauces. On the northwest border with the US, especially in Mexicali, Baja California, the spring rolls are known as chunkun; this name could be related to the Korean chungwon (춘권). They are deep-fried and usually served with ketchup topped with a dot of hot mustard as a dipping sauce.
In Argentina and Uruguay, spring rolls are commonly known as empanaditas chinas (Chinese turnover) and also arrolladitos primavera (which translates directly to "spring rolls"), and supermarkets and Chinese restaurants sell them. They are a common treat carried by catering services and are usually served with a small bowl of sweet and sour sauce to dip them in.
In Venezuela, spring rolls are called lumpia as in the Philippines and Indonesia. Many Chinese restaurants sell them, and they are usually served with sweet and sour or soy sauce.
Rijsttafel, a Dutch word that literally translates to "rice table", is an Indonesian elaborate meal adapted by the Dutch following the hidang presentation of nasi padang from the Padang region of West Sumatra. It consists of many side dishes served in small portions, accompanied by rice prepared in several different ways. Popular side dishes include egg rolls, sambals, satay, fish, fruit, vegetables, pickles, and nuts. In most areas where it is served, such as the Netherlands, and other areas of strong Dutch influence, it is known under its Dutch name.
Popiah is a Fujianese/Teochew-style fresh spring roll filled with an assortment of fresh, dried, and cooked ingredients, eaten during the Qingming Festival and other celebratory occasions. The dish is made by the people and diaspora of Fujian province of China, neighbouring Chaoshan district, and by the Teochew and Hoklo diaspora in various regions throughout Southeast Asia and in Taiwan, The origin of popiah dates back to the 17th century.
The egg roll is a variety of deep-fried appetizer served in American Chinese restaurants. It is a cylindrical, savory roll with shredded cabbage, chopped meat, or other fillings inside a thickly-wrapped wheat flour skin, which is fried in hot oil. The dish is served warm, and is usually eaten with the fingers, dipped in duck sauce, soy sauce, plum sauce, or hot mustard, often from a cellophane packet. Egg rolls are a ubiquitous feature of American Chinese cuisine.
Malaysian Chinese cuisine is derived from the culinary traditions of Chinese Malaysian immigrants and their descendants, who have adapted or modified their culinary traditions under the influence of Malaysian culture as well as immigration patterns of Chinese to Malaysia. Malaysian Chinese cuisine is predominantly based on an eclectic repertoire of dishes with roots from Fujian, Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew cuisines.
Chinese Indonesian cuisine is characterized by the mixture of Chinese with local Indonesian style. Chinese Indonesians, mostly descendant of Han ethnic Hokkien and Hakka speakers, brought their legacy of Chinese cuisine, and modified some of the dishes with the addition of Indonesian ingredients, such as kecap manis, palm sugar, peanut sauce, chili, santan and local spices to form a hybrid Chinese-Indonesian cuisine. Some of the dishes and cakes share the same style as in Malaysia and Singapore, known as Nyonya cuisine by the Peranakan.
Rice vermicelli is a thin form of noodle. It is sometimes referred to as "rice noodles" or "rice sticks", but should not be confused with cellophane noodles, a different Asian type of vermicelli made from mung bean starch or rice starch rather than rice grains themselves.
Gỏi cuốn, nem cuốn, salad roll, summer roll, fresh spring roll, or rice paper roll is a Vietnamese dish traditionally consisting of pork, prawn, vegetables, bún, and other ingredients wrapped in bánh tráng. Unlike other spring roll dishes, which are believed to originate from China, Vietnamese gỏi cuốn is a national creation using bánh tráng.
Nước chấm, or more specifically, nước mắm chấm is a common name for a variety of Vietnamese dipping sauces that are served quite frequently as condiments. It is commonly a sweet, sour, salty, savoury and/or spicy sauce.
A rice noodle roll, also known as a steamed rice roll and cheung fun, and as look funn or look fun in Hawaii, is a Cantonese dish originating from Guangdong Province in southern China, commonly served as either a snack, small meal or variety of dim sum. It is a thin roll made from a wide strip of shahe fen, filled with shrimp, beef, vegetables, or other ingredients. Seasoned soy sauce – sometimes with siu mei drippings – is poured over the dish upon serving. When plain and made without filling, the rice noodle is also known as jyu cheung fun, literally "pork intestine noodle", a reference to its resemblance of a pig's intestines. There is no official recording of the history of rice noodle rolls; most cookbooks claim that it was first made in the 1930s. In Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, people called the dish laai cheung because it is a noodle roll that pulled by hand.
Japanese Chinese cuisine, also known as chūka, represents a unique fusion of Japanese and Chinese culinary traditions that have evolved over the late 19th century and more recent times. This style, served predominantly by Chinese restaurants in Japan, stands distinct from the "authentic Chinese food" found in areas such as Yokohama Chinatown. Despite this difference, the cuisine retains strong influences from various Chinese culinary styles, as seen in the shippoku cooking style.
Bánh cuốn or Bánh quấn is a Vietnamese dish originating from Northern Vietnam.
Javanese cuisine is the cuisine of Javanese people, a major ethnic group in Indonesia, more precisely the province of Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java.
Chả giò, or nem rán, also known as fried egg roll, is a popular dish in Vietnamese cuisine and usually served as an appetizer in Europe, North America and Australia, where there are large communities of the Vietnamese diaspora. It is ground meat, usually pork, wrapped in rice paper and deep-fried.
Nem nướng is Vietnamese grilled pork sausage or grilled meatballs, and a popular Vietnamese food item, sometimes served as an individual appetizer or snack, or served with rice noodles or rice as a main course. Nem nướng is a specialty of Khánh Hòa Province . Nem nướng is a rustic dish, originating from Ninh Hoa, a northern district of Khanh Hoa province, about 30 km from the coastal city.
Lumpia are various types of spring rolls from Indonesia and the Philippines. Lumpia are made of thin paper-like or crepe-like pastry skin called "lumpia wrapper" enveloping savory or sweet fillings. It is often served as an appetizer or snack, and might be served deep-fried or fresh (unfried). Lumpia are Indonesian and Filipino adaptations of the Fujianese rùnbǐng and Teochew popiah, usually consumed during Qingming Festival.
Hoisin sauce is a thick, fragrant sauce originating from China. It features in many Chinese cuisines, but is most prominent in Cantonese cuisine. It can be used as a glaze for meat, an addition to stir fry, or as dipping sauce. It is dark-coloured, sweet and salty. Although regional variants exist, hoisin sauce usually includes soybeans, fennel, red chili peppers, and garlic. Vinegar, five-spice powder, and sugar are also commonly added.
Lumpiang Shanghai is a Filipino deep-fried appetizer consisting of a mixture of giniling with vegetables like carrots, chopped scallions or red onions and garlic, wrapped in a thin egg crêpe. Lumpiang Shanghai is regarded as the most basic type of lumpia in Filipino cuisine, and it is usually smaller and thinner than other lumpia variants.
Indonesian noodles are a significant aspect of Indonesian cuisine which is itself very diverse. Indonesian cuisine recognizes many types of noodles, with each region of the country often developing its own distinct recipes.
Indo cuisine is a fusion cooking and cuisine tradition, mainly existing in Indonesia and the Netherlands, as well as Belgium, South Africa and Suriname. This cuisine characterized of fusion cuisine that consists of original Indonesian cuisine with Eurasian-influences—mainly Dutch, also Portuguese, Spanish, French and British—and vice versa. Nowaday, not only Indo people consume Indo cuisine, but also Indonesians and Dutch people.