Cremastosperma cauliflorum

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Cremastosperma cauliflorum
Cremastosperma cauliflorum.tif
Photograph of Cremastosperma cauliflorum
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Cremastosperma
Species:
C. cauliflorum
Binomial name
Cremastosperma cauliflorum

Cremastosperma cauliflorum is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. [2] Robert Elias Fries, the Swedish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its flowers which grow from its main trunk or stem (caulis in Latin). [3] [4]

Contents

Description

It is a tree reaching 20 meters in height. Its wood has a scent like vanilla. Its oval to elliptical, paper leaves are 20-61 by 5-14 centimeters and hairless except for sparse hairs on the midrib. The leaves are olive green on their upper surface and darker green underneath. The leaves have blunt or pointed bases and tips that come to a tapering point. The leaves have 10-17 secondary veins emanating from their midribs at 45°-70° angles. Its petioles are 4-12 by 2-4 millimeters. Its branching inflorescences have 1-5 flowers on 3-12 by 1–1.5 millimeter peduncles that grow on thick twigs or directly from the main trunk. The flowers are attached to the peduncle by 10-45 by 1-3 millimeter pedicels. Both the peduncles and pedicels are densely covered in gold colored hairs. The pedicels are subtended by a triangular, 1.5-2 millimeter long bract that is covered in dense gold colored hairs. The pedicels have a second oval to triangular bract at their midpoint that is 2-4 millimeters long and covered in dense gold colored hairs. Its flowers range from green to white to yellow. Its flowers have 3 oval to triangular sepals that are 3-5 by 4-6 millimeters with tips that curve back. The outer surfaces of the sepals are covered in dense gold colored hairs, while the inner surfaces are hairless or only sparsely hairy. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of three. The outer, elliptical petals are 10-25 by 9-17 millimeters. The inner elliptical petals are 11-21 by 6-11 millimeters. The outer surfaces of the petals are covered in dense gold colored hairs, while the inner surfaces are hairless or only sparsely hairy. Its numerous, spirally-arranged stamens are 1.5-2 millimeters long. Its flowers have about 40 carpels that are 2–2.3 millimeters long and variably covered in gold colored hairs. Its mature fruit are round to ellipsoid, 8-13 by 10-14 millimeters, and variable colored orange, red, brown or black. The fruit have 9-10 round to ellipsoid, orange, pitted seeds that are 9-10 by 9-10 millimeters. [4] [5] [6]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in forest habitats, with clay or sand soils, at 100-500 meter elevations. [5]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of C. cauliflorum is shed as solitary grains with some permanent tetrads. [7] [8]

Uses

It is used as a traditional medicine by the Achuar of Ecuador to treat gastrointestinal ailments. [9]

Related Research Articles

Fusaea peruviana is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Robert Elias Fries, the Swedish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Peru where the specimen he examined was found near the Huallaga River and the city of Yurimaguas.

Goniothalamus aurantiacus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Piya Chalermglin and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its orange colored inner petals.

<i>Goniothalamus macrophyllus</i> Species of plant

Goniothalamus macrophyllus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Thailand. Carl Ludwig Blume, the German-Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Unona macrophylla, named it after its large leaves. It is commonly called Penawar Hitam in the Malaya Peninsula, Ki Cantung in Indonesia, Limpanas Putih in Brunei, and Chin Dok Diao in Thailand.

<i>Goniothalamus malayanus</i> Species of plant

Goniothalamus malayanus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, the Nicobar Islands, Sumatra and Thailand. Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson, the British botanists who first formally described the species, named it after part of its habitat range, British Malaya.

<i>Goniothalamus ridleyi</i> Species of plant

Goniothalamus ridleyi is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand. George King, who first formally described the species, named it after the English botanist Henry Nicholas Ridley who collected the specimen King examined.

<i>Hexalobus crispiflorus</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Hexalobus crispiflorus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo and Zaire. Achille Richard, the French botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its wavy petals of its flowers.

<i>Hexalobus monopetalus</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Hexalobus monopetalus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae with the common name baboon's breakfast. It is native to Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire and Zimbabwe. Achille Richard, the French botanist who first formally described the species, using the basionym Uvaria monopetala, named it after its petals which are fused at their base.

Mitrephora macrocarpa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Sulawesi. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Orophea macrocarpa, named it after its large fruit.

Pseuduvaria dielsiana is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. Carl Lauterbach, the German botanist who first formally described the species using the synonym Goniothalamus dielsianus, named it in honor of Ludwig Diels, another German botanist who also worked on taxa from New Guinea.

Pseuduvaria fragrans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Yvonne Su, Tanawat Chaowasku and Richard Saunders the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its strongly fragrant flowers.

Pseuduvaria glabrescens is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Australia. L.W. Jessup, the botanist who first formally described the species using the synonym Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var. glabrescens, named it after the underside of its leaves which have the quality of becoming hairless as they mature.

Pseuduvaria lignocarpa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. James Sinclair, the Scottish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the woody wall of its fruit.

<i>Pseuduvaria macrophylla</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria macrophylla is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand. Daniel Oliver, the English botanists who first formally described the species using the synonym Mitrephora macrophylla, named it after its large leaves.

<i>Pseuduvaria megalopus</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria megalopus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. Karl Schumann, the German botanist who first formally described the species using the synonym Petalolophus megalopus, named it after the large wings that extend downwards from the underside of the inner petals to form a foot of dark red tissue that resembles carrion and is thought to attract fly pollinators.

Pseuduvaria mindorensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to the Philippines. Yvonne Su and Richard Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after the island of Mindoro where the specimen they examined was collected in the municipality of Puerto Galera.

Pseuduvaria mollis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. Otto Warburg, the German-Jewish botanists who first formally described the species using the basionym Goniothalamus mollis, named it after the soft hairs on its leaves and petals.

Pseuduvaria guineensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. James Sinclair, the Scottish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after New Guinea where the specimen he examined was collected near Kokoda.

Pseuduvaria obliqua is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo. Yvonne Su and Richard Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its slightly uneven leaf bases.

Pseuduvaria sessilifolia is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. James Sinclair, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its stalkless leaves which lack petioles.

<i>Pseuduvaria setosa</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria setosa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia. George King, the botanist who first formally described the species under the basionym Orophea setosa, named it after the bristly hairs on its leaves and petioles.

References

  1. ↑ Pirie, M.D.; Chatrou, L.W.; Erkens, R.H.J.; Verspagen, N. (2021). "Cremastosperma cauliflorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T152228500A207752062. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T152228500A207752062.en . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  2. ↑ "Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  3. ↑ Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN   9780881926279.
  4. 1 2 Fries, R.E. (1931). "Revision der Arten Einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen" [Revision of the Species of Some Anonacea Genera]. Acta Horti Bergiani. 10: 330–331.
  5. 1 2 Pirie, Michael D.; Chatrou, Lars W.; Maas, Paul J. M. (2018). "A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species". PhytoKeys (112): 1–141. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 . ISSN   1314-2003. PMC   6277488 . PMID   30524186.
  6. ↑ Macbride, J. Francis (1938). "Flora of Peru. Part 2, No. 3". Botanical Series Field Museum of Natural History. Vol. 13. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. p. 726.
  7. ↑ Canright, James E. (1963). "Contributions of Pollen Morphology to the Phylogeny of Some Ranalean Families". Grana Palynologica. 4 (1): 64–72. doi: 10.1080/00173136309437859 . ISSN   0374-793X.
  8. ↑ Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR   41764703.
  9. ↑ Giovannini, Peter (2015). "Medicinal plants of the Achuar (Jivaro) of Amazonian Ecuador: Ethnobotanical survey and comparison with other Amazonian pharmacopoeias". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 164: 78–88. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.038. ISSN   0378-8741. PMID   25660382.
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