Peduncle (botany)

Last updated
Long, magenta peduncles on an American pokeweed, each supporting a raceme. Pokeberries.png
Long, magenta peduncles on an American pokeweed, each supporting a raceme.
Agave with emergent peduncle. The flowers have not yet emerged from the buds. Note bracts and branches at nodes. Compare with Papyrus Agave with emergent peduncle IMG 5336.JPG
Agave with emergent peduncle. The flowers have not yet emerged from the buds. Note bracts and branches at nodes. Compare with Papyrus
Cyperus scapes. Contrast with peduncle of Agave Cyperus scapes IMG 5322p.JPG
Cyperus scapes. Contrast with peduncle of Agave

In botany, a peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower, or, after fecundation, an infructescence or a solitary fruit. The peduncle sometimes has bracts (a type of cataphylls) at nodes. The main axis of an inflorescence above the peduncle is the rachis. There are no flowers on the peduncle but there are flowers on the rachis. [1] [2] [3]

When a peduncle arises from the ground level, either from a compressed aerial stem or from a subterranean stem (rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm), with few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle, it is referred to as a scape. [2]

The acorns of the pedunculate oak are borne on a long peduncle, hence the name of the tree.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypanthium</span> Structure in angiosperms where basal portions form a cup-shaped tube

In angiosperms, a hypanthium or floral cup is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube. It is sometimes called a floral tube, a term that is also used for corolla tube and calyx tube. It often contains the nectaries of the plant. It is present in many plant families, although varies in structural dimensions and appearance. This differentiation between the hypanthium in particular species is useful for identification. Some geometric forms are obconic shapes as in toyon, whereas some are saucer-shaped as in Mitella caulescens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inflorescence</span> Term used in botany to describe a cluster of flowers

An inflorescence, in a flowering plant, is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frond</span> Collection of leaflets on a plant

A frond is a large, divided leaf. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group. Other botanists allow the term frond to also apply to the large leaves of cycads, as well as palms (Arecaceae) and various other flowering plants, such as mimosa or sumac. "Frond" is commonly used to identify a large, compound leaf, but if the term is used botanically to refer to the leaves of ferns and algae it may be applied to smaller and undivided leaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bract</span> Modified or specialized leaf

In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale.

In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiple fruit</span> Fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers (inflorescence)

Multi-fruits, also called collective fruits, are fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of flowers, the inflorescence. Each flower in the inflorescence produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass. After flowering, the mass is called an infructescence. Examples are the fig, pineapple, mulberry, osage orange, and jackfruit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scape (botany)</span> Long non-woody leafless segment between two leaf-bearing regions of a plant

In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudanthium</span> Type of inflorescence, clusters of flowers

A pseudanthium is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, composite flowers, or capitula, which are special types of inflorescences in which anything from a small cluster to hundreds or sometimes thousands of flowers are grouped together to form a single flower-like structure. Pseudanthia take various forms. The real flowers are generally small and often greatly reduced, but the pseudanthium itself can sometimes be quite large.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedicel (botany)</span> Structure connecting flowers or fruit to the main stem of a plant

In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. Such inflorescences are described as pedicellate.

This page provides a glossary of plant morphology. Botanists and other biologists who study plant morphology use a number of different terms to classify and identify plant organs and parts that can be observed using no more than a handheld magnifying lens. This page provides help in understanding the numerous other pages describing plants by their various taxa. The accompanying page—Plant morphology—provides an overview of the science of the external form of plants. There is also an alphabetical list: Glossary of botanical terms. In contrast, this page deals with botanical terms in a systematic manner, with some illustrations, and organized by plant anatomy and function in plant physiology.

Pseuduvaria galeata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. James Sinclair, the Scottish botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the dome formed by inner petals shaped like a helmet.

<i>Neonicholsonia</i> Genus of palms

Neonicholsonia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family native to Central America. The sole species is Neonicholsonia watsonii. The genus and species names honor George Nicholson, a former curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and his successor William Watson.

Plectocomiopsis is a dioecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Indochina, Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. Hapaxanthic and armed with spines, they are a climbing rattan, closely related to the Myrialepis palms. The name is Greek for "similar to Plectocomia", another close relative.

<i>Allagoptera caudescens</i> Species of palm

Allagoptera caudescens is a species of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to Brazil, where it is known as buri palm. The older name Polyandrococos combines the Greek words for "many" and "anther" with the name of another palm genus Cocos, and the epithet is Latin for "bearlike", referring to the hairy tomentum. It was formerly classified as Polyandrococos caudescens, the only species in the genus Polyandrococos.

This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sessility (botany)</span> Leaves or flowers that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant

In botany, sessility is a characteristic of plant organs such as flowers or leaves that have no stalk. Plant parts can also be described as subsessile, that is, not completely sessile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cataphyll</span> In plants, a reduced, small leaf

In plant morphology, a cataphyll is a reduced, small leaf. Many plants have both "true leaves" (euphylls), which perform most of the photosynthesis, and cataphylls, which are modified to perform other functions.

Pseuduvaria glossopetala is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to the Malay Peninsula. Yvonne Chuan Fang Su and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after the tongue shaped gland on their inner petals.

<i>Pseuduvaria unguiculata</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria unguiculata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to The Philippines. Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its clawed inner petals.

<i>Pseuduvaria villosa</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

Pseuduvaria villosa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to Australia. L.W. Jessup, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its leaves and branchlets which are shaggy with long soft hairs.

References

  1. Harris, James G.; Harris, Melinda Woolf (2001). Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary (2nd ed.). Spring Lake, Utah: Spring Lake Publishing. ISBN   978-0-9640221-6-4. OCLC   45951032.
  2. 1 2 Henslow, John Stevens (2009). A Dictionary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-511-70154-2. OCLC   889956193.
  3. Beentje, Henk (2010). The Kew Plant glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN   978-1-84246-422-9. OCLC   464589004.