Crime in Israel

Last updated

Israeli police officers Israel police officers.jpg
Israeli police officers

According to the Israel Police, the general crime rate dropped in 2020, while cyber crimes, hate crimes, domestic violence and sexual abuse incidents rose. [1]

Contents

Homicide

In Israel the homicide rate is relatively low: in 2015, there were 2.4 people killed per 100,000 inhabitants (in Switzerland the number is 0.71, in Russia it is 14.9, in South Africa it is 34, in Venezuela it is 49). [2] In 2009, 135 people were murdered in Israel.

Six Israeli women were killed by partners in 2021. Of the victims, 3 were Arab-Israeli, compared to 9 Arab-Israeli women out of a total of 11 women killed by partners in 2009. [3] [4]

According to Israel's police, the number of murders is continually decreasing. In 2018, 103 people were the victims of homicide, compared with 136 people in 2017. The murder rate in 2018 was 1.14 people per 100,000 inhabitants [5] [6]

The Arab community in Israel has seen a significant increase in violence and organized crime, including a rise in gang-related murders in recent years. [7] [8] A report by the Abraham Initiative highlighted that 244 Arab community members were killed in Israel in 2023, more than double the previous year's count. [9] [10] The report attributed this surge in homicides directly to National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir, who campaigned on a platform promising to improve personal security and oversee law enforcement. [11] Prominent organized crime families among Israeli Arabs include Al-Hariri, Bakri, Jarushis, and the Druze Abu Latifs. [12] [13] [14]

Hate crimes

Racist incidents, including violence, continue taking place between the Jewish majority and Arab minority.

In September 2007, eight white supremacists sporting tattoos including the number 88 (code for "Heil Hitler" because "H" is the eighth letter of the alphabet) from Petah Tikva were arrested after a year of being observed desecrating synagogues, giving Nazi salutes in the street, attacking religious Jews, collecting weapons explosives and spreading Nazi propaganda and making a video. They were immigrants from Russia, and only one was fully Jewish. The rest had been allowed to immigrate due to some Jewish ancestry, but were not fully Jewish. [15]

According to Palestinian officials, between 2005 and 2015, there were 11,000 attacks on Palestinians by Jews in the West Bank and in east Jerusalem, including price tag attacks. Between 2010 and 2015, three Palestinians were killed in arson attacks. Arson attacks on property were reported for 15 individual houses, 20 mosques and four churches. [16] In first four months of 2018, there were 13 cases of hate crimes carried out by ultra-nationalists against Palestinians. [17]

Property crimes

Director of the Latin American Institute of the American Jewish Committee in Washington, D.C. Dina Siegel, criminology professor H. G. van de Bunt, and lecturer in criminology Damián Zaitch showed in their book Global Organized Crime that a significant amount of crime in Israel, especially property crime, is committed by the residents of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA). [18]

Motor vehicle theft is a major crime committed by Palestinians. Since the early 1990s, there has been an increase in the rate of robberies in Israel. Between 1994 and 2001, the rate of robberies increased from 14.0 to 30.6 cases per 100,000 population. The reason behind this increase in robberies is analyzed as a result of the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip which according to the book Global Organized Crime "serves as a safe haven for Palestinian offenders". However, the organized crime industry associated with motor vehicle theft involves not only Palestinians, but also Israeli citizens, both Jewish and Arab. The parts of the stolen cars are removed in "chop shops" in the Palestinian territories and then these vehicles are sold in the black market in Israel. Media reports suggest some of these vehicles are even handed over to high-ranking Palestinian Authority officials. [19] It was reported that since the beginning of 2010 through the end of February 2010, the Palestinian Authority police had destroyed 910 stolen cars. [20]

Although Palestinian criminals are involved in organized crime in the country, Siegel et al. suggested one should not conclude that "organized crime in Israel is dominated by Palestinians. Organized crime committed by Jews or other non-Palestinians has been part of the Israeli crime scene for many years". [21]

Organized crime

Organized crime has increased dramatically in Israel since the 1990s and is described by the BBC and the Israeli Police as a "booming industry". The Israeli organised crime groups have extended their activities in foreign countries like the United States, South Africa, and the Netherlands. [22] According to a report by the Israel Police, drug trafficking, trafficking of women for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, illicit gambling, pirate filling stations and real estate are the major forms of crime in the country. [21]

In 2002, the Israel Police documented 464,854 criminal files and non-prosecution cases while the number was 484,688 in 2003. This was an increase of 4.5% over 2002. [23]

Israeli police, according to a Channel 12 report, have claimed there is a conflict of interest between themselves and the Shin Bet when it comes to cracking down on illegal arms and crime in Arab society. The latter works in terms of a mission of "national security" and provides immunity to figures in organized crime who are prepared to act as informants. [24]

Arms trafficking

Arms trafficking is another form of crime and it is directly associated with terrorism. There are many links between Israeli and Palestinian gangsters that facilitate these ventures. [19]

Juvenile crime

Violence against minors is also a problem in Israel. In 1999, approximately 7,000 cases of crimes against minors were documented which included physical assault (54%), molestation (37%) and repeated physical victimization (9%). [25] However, Israeli minors are not solely the victims of crime, they are also sometimes the perpetrators. Teenage violence in schools is a problem in Israel; the first major study on teenage crime in the nation by T. Horowitz and M. Amir in 1981 indicated three major forms of violence in Israeli schools: theft, breaking and entering, and vandalism. [26] Studies have suggested that Israeli Arab youth are more violent than Jews in the country, a fact which academics attribute to cultural, social, and economic differences. [27]

Sexual offenses against minors

According to the 2017 statistical yearbook published by the National Council for the Child, there were 2,514 reported sexual crimes against minors in 2016, leading to 481 indictments. [28] Of the 1,900 sex offenders incarcerated in 2009, approximately 60% had committed acts against children under the age of 13. Israel maintains a sex offender registry that is utilized by law enforcement and other authorized entities.

Advocacy groups have expressed concerns that a lack of background checks for immigration could potentially make Israel a refuge for individuals accused of sexual offenses. According to Jewish Community Watch, between 2014 and 2020, at least 60 Americans accused of sexually abusing children reportedly fled to Israel from the United States. [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]

Prisons and prison population

According to World Prison Brief, the total prison population of Israel number 19,756 (as of December 2023) with a rate of 217 per 100,000 population. 2.3% of prisoners were minors (as of 2017), and 38.9% of prisoners were foreigners (as of 2014). [35]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jewish Defense League</span> Jewish far-right organization

The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is a far-right religious and political organization in the United States and Canada. Its stated goal is to "protect Jews from antisemitism by whatever means necessary"; it has been classified as "right-wing terrorist group" by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) since 2001, and is also designated as hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center. According to the FBI, the JDL has been involved in plotting and executing acts of terrorism within the United States. Most terrorist watch groups classify the group as inactive as of 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maxim restaurant suicide bombing</span> 2003 Palestinian terror attack in Haifa, Israel

The Maxim restaurant bombing was a Palestinian suicide bombing which occurred on October 4, 2003, in the beachfront restaurant Maxim in Haifa, Israel. Twenty-one civilians were killed and 60 were injured. Among the victims were two families and four children, including a two-month-old baby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arab citizens of Israel</span> Ethnic group

The Arab citizens of Israel form Israel’s largest ethnic minority. They are mostly former Palestinian citizens who have continued to live in what became Israel, and their descendants. The majority of Arabs in Israel now prefer to be identified as Palestinian citizens of Israel.

Jewish extremist terrorism is terrorism, including religious terrorism, committed by extremists within Judaism.

The Jewish Underground, or in abbreviated form, simply makhteret, was a radical right-wing fundamentalist organization considered terrorist by Israel, formed by prominent members of the Israeli political movement Gush Emunim that existed from 1979 to 1984. Two issues catalyzed the establishment of the underground: One was the signing of the Camp David Accords, which led to the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in 1979, and which the movement, opposed to the peace process, wished to block, viewing it as the first step in the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank. A second element was the settlement project, which, in bringing two distinct ethnic communities into closer proximity, led to an uptick in hostilities that brought about a growing emphasis on the existential threat in both communities. The Jewish Underground developed two operational objectives: One consisted of a plot to blow up the Dome of the Rock, while the other branch concentrated on both avenging acts of Palestinian violence against settlers and of establishing a punitive deterrence. Some understood the terrorist acts as a means of inducing Palestinians to flee their homeland, based on the 1948 and 1967 experience, and parallels are drawn to the Terror Against Terror movement, which had a similar aim. Robert Friedman stated that the Makhteret was "the most violent anti-Arab terrorist organization since the birth of Israel".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1929 Hebron massacre</span> Massacre of Jewish residents of Hebron by Arab residents in 1929 Arab riots in Mandatory Palestine

The Hebron massacre was the killing of sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews on 24 August 1929 in Hebron, Mandatory Palestine. The event also left scores seriously wounded or maimed. Jewish homes were pillaged and synagogues were ransacked.

The Israeli mafia are the organized crime groups operating in Israel or consisting of Israeli members. There are 16 crime families operating in Israel, five major groups active on the national level and 11 smaller organizations. There are six Jewish crime families active and three Arab crime families. Many heads and members of the crime groups have either been killed or are in prison.

Racism in Israel encompasses all forms and manifestations of racism experienced in Israel, irrespective of the colour or creed of the perpetrator and victim, or their citizenship, residency, or visitor status. More specifically in the Israeli context, racism in Israel refers to racism directed against Israeli Arabs by Israeli Jews, intra-Jewish racism between the various Jewish ethnic divisions, historic and current racism towards Mizrahi Jews although some believe the dynamics have reversed, and racism on the part of Israeli Arabs against Israeli Jews.

Judaism's doctrines and texts have sometimes been associated with violence or anti-violence. Laws requiring the eradication of evil, sometimes using violent means, exist in the Jewish tradition. However, Judaism also contains peaceful texts and doctrines. There is often a juxtaposition of Judaic law and theology to violence and nonviolence by groups and individuals. Attitudes and laws towards both peace and violence exist within the Jewish tradition. Throughout history, Judaism's religious texts or precepts have been used to promote as well as oppose violence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lehava</span> Jewish far-right organization in Israel

Lehava is a far-right and Jewish supremacist organization based in Israel that strictly opposes Jewish assimilation, objecting to most personal relationships between Jews and non-Jews. It is opposed to the Christian presence in Israel. It has an anti-miscegenation focus, denouncing marriages between Jews and non-Jews forbidden by Orthodox Jewish law. The group has over 10,000 members. In 2024, the United States placed Lehava and its leader, Bentzi Gopstein, on a sanctions list for their role in fomenting Israeli settler violence against Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, labeling Lehava "the largest violent extremist organization in Israel."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Price tag attack policy</span> Acts of vandalism and violence committed by extremist Israeli settler youths

The price tag attack policy, also sometimes referred to as "mutual responsibility", is the name originally given to the attacks and acts of vandalism committed primarily in the occupied West Bank by extremist Israeli settler youths against Palestinian Arabs, and to a lesser extent, against left-wing Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs, Christians, and Israeli security forces. The youths officially claim that the acts are committed to "exact a price from local Palestinians or from the Israeli security forces for any action taken against their settlement enterprise".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zion Square assault</span>

The Zion Square assault, also described by Israeli police, the judge who passed sentence, Israeli and foreign media as a "lynch" or "attempted lynch(ing)", was an attack by Israeli youths against four Palestinian teenagers that took place on the night of 16–17 August 2012 at Zion Square in Jerusalem. The four were chased by 10–15 teenagers and a 17-year-old Palestinian boy Jamal Julani was beaten unconscious and subsequently found to be in a critical condition.

The kidnapping and murder of Mohammed Abu Khdeir occurred early on the morning of 2 July 2014. Khdeir, a 16-year-old Palestinian, was forced into a car by Israeli citizens on an East Jerusalem street. His family immediately reported the fact to Israeli Police who located his charred body a few hours later at Givat Shaul in the Jerusalem Forest. Preliminary results from the autopsy suggested that he was beaten and burnt while still alive. The perpetrators subsequently claimed that the attack was a response to the abduction and murder of three Israeli teens on 12 June. The murders contributed to a breakout of hostilities in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.

Jewish Israeli stone-throwing refers to criminal rock-throwing activity by Jewish Israelis in Mandatory Palestine, Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Jerusalem. It includes material about internecine stone-throwing, in which Haredi Jews throw stones at other Jews as a protest against what they view as violations of religious laws concerning Shabbat, modest clothing for women and similar issues, and material about stone-throwing by extremists in the settler movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Israeli settler violence</span> Attacks targeting Palestinians in the West Bank

Palestinians are the target of violence by Israeli settlers and their supporters, predominantly in the West Bank. In November 2021, Israeli Defense Minister Benny Gantz discussed the steep rise in the number of incidents between settlers and Palestinians in the West Bank, many of which result from attacks by residents of illegal settler outposts on Palestinians from neighboring villages. Settler violence also includes acts known as price tag attacks that are in response to actions by the Israeli government, usually against Palestinian targets and occasionally against Israeli security forces in the West Bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duma arson attack</span> Firebombing of a Palestinian home in 2015

On 31 July 2015, Israeli settlers firebombed a Palestinian family home in late July 2015 in the village of Duma, killing three people; 18-month-old Ali Dawabsheh was burned alive in the fire, while both his parents died from their injuries within weeks. On 3 January 2016, 21 year old Israeli settler Amiram Ben-Uliel was indicted for the murder, along with an Israeli minor, for participation in planning the murder. In addition, along with two others, they were both charged with one count of membership in a terrorist organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lions' Gate stabbings</span> 2015 incident in Jerusalem, Israel

On 3 October 2015, a Palestinian resident of al-Bireh attacked the Benita family near the Lions' Gate in Jerusalem, as they were on their way to the Western Wall to pray. The attacker murdered Aaron Benita, the father of the family, and injured the mother Adele and their 2-year-old son Matan. Nehemia Lavi, a resident who heard screams and came to help was also murdered and his gun taken by the assailant. The attacker, 19 year old Muhanad Shafeq Halabi was shot and killed by police as he was firing on pedestrians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</span> Notable increase of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

An increase of violence occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict starting in the autumn of 2015 and lasting into the first half of 2016. It was called the "Intifada of the Individuals" by Israeli sources, the Knife Intifada, Stabbing Intifada or Jerusalem Intifada by international sources because of the many stabbings in Jerusalem, or Habba by Palestinian sources. 38 Israelis and 235 Palestinians were killed in the violence. 558 Israelis and thousands of Palestinians were injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Itamar Ben-Gvir</span> Israeli lawyer and far-right politician (born 1976)

Itamar Ben-Gvir is an Israeli far-right politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of National Security since 2022. He is the leader of Otzma Yehudit, a Kahanist and anti-Arab party that won six seats in the 2022 Israeli legislative election, and is part of what is widely regarded as the most right-wing government in Israel's history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crime in the State of Palestine</span>

Crime in the State of Palestine is present in various forms which include theft, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, burglary, human trafficking and terrorism.

References

  1. "2020 sees overall crime rates drop as domestic violence spikes". Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  2. List of countries by intentional homicide rate
  3. "Report: Every Third Israeli Woman Falls Victim to Sexual Assault". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  4. "Number of Women Murdered by Relatives, Partners Falls After 2020 Spike". Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  5. "יותר עבירות מחשב, פחות רציחות: מפת הפשיעה נחשפת". israelhayom.co.il.
  6. "Population of Israel on the Eve of 2019" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2021.
  7. Gold, Hadas (8 September 2023). "Israel's Arab citizens demand justice after alarming rise in gang-related murders". CNN.
  8. Friedman, Rachel (2 February 2024). "Arab-Israelis are facing a crisis. But there's a way out". Atlantic Council.
  9. Staff, Toi (1 January 2024). "244 Arabs said killed in 2023 violence, more than double 2022 toll". Times of Israel.
  10. "Homicides in Israeli Arab societies rising at unprecedented rate - study". The Jerusalem Post. 11 February 2024.
  11. Staff, Toi (1 January 2024). "244 Arabs said killed in 2023 violence, more than double 2022 toll". Times of Israel.
  12. Breiner, Josh (8 November 2021). "The Fight Against Arab Organized Crime Groups Aims to Hit Them in the Pocketbook". Haaretz.
  13. May, Davied (12 July 2023). "Internal Violence Has Become a Nightmare for Israeli Arabs". Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
  14. Gradstein, Linda (30 June 2023). "Israel's Arab citizens don't feel safe amid wave of crime, murders". The Jerusalem Post.
  15. "Israeli 'neo-Nazi gang' arrested". BBC News . 9 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009.
  16. "Palestinian Officials: Jewish Extremists Have Committed 375 'Price Tag' Attacks in 2015". The Jerusalem Post . 14 August 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  17. "Shin Bet: Sharp rise in settler youth 'price tag' attacks against Palestinians". The Times of Israel . Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  18. Dina Siegel, H. G. van de Bunt, Damián Zaitch (2003). Global Organized Crime: Trends and Developments. Springer. p. 145. ISBN   1-4020-1818-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. 1 2 Dina Siegel, H. G. van de Bunt, Damián Zaitch (2003). Global Organized Crime: Trends and Developments. Springer. p. 146. ISBN   1-4020-1818-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. "Nablus police destroys 498 illegal cars, dismantle explosive". Ma'am. 20 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  21. 1 2 Siegel, Dina; H. G. van de Bunt; Damián Zaitch (2003). Global Organized Crime: Trends and Developments. Springer. p. 147. ISBN   1-4020-1818-5.
  22. Israel struggles to keep lid on crime Archived 8 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine BBC News
  23. Crime in Israel – in 2003 Archived 3 October 2003 at the Wayback Machine Israel Police
  24. Hanin Majadli (9 September 2021), "When Jews Are in Panic Mode, Arabs in Israel Are Perpetual Suspects" Archived 10 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine , Haaretz : "'It's interesting that in the same context of fighting crime and illegal weapons in Arab society, Channel 12 reported that senior police officials claim there is a conflict of interest involved in that order. That's because the Shin Bet – which was meant to be enlisted in this "national mission" – uses organized crime figures as informants for security purposes. In exchange for this assistance, the Shin Bet gives them criminal immunity, and essentially room to maneuver illegally.'"
  25. Florence Denmark; Leonore Loeb Adler; Melvin Ember (2004). International Perspectives on Violence. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.  139. ISBN   0-275-97498-7.
  26. Florence Denmark; Leonore Loeb Adler; Melvin Ember (2004). International Perspectives on Violence. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.  141. ISBN   0-275-97498-7.
  27. Florence Denmark; Leonore Loeb Adler; Melvin Ember (2004). International Perspectives on Violence. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.  143. ISBN   0-275-97498-7.
  28. "המועצה הלאומית לשלום הילד השנתון הסטטיסטי "ילדים בישראל 2017" לקט נתונים" (PDF) (in Hebrew). National Council for the Child. 2017.
  29. Many accused Jewish pedophiles in US flee to Israel
  30. Lecker, Maya (3 October 2023). "Why Hollywood's alleged sexual predators love moving to Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  31. Maltz, Judy (22 March 2016). "Israel becoming a 'refuge for pedophiles,' warns advocate for child sex abuse victims". Haaretz. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  32. "How Jewish American pedophiles hide from justice in Israel - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  33. Birger, Moshe; Bergman-Levy, Tal; Asman, Oren (1 February 2011). "Treatment of Sex Offenders in Israeli Prison Settings". Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. 39 (1): 100–103. ISSN   1093-6793. PMID   21389173.
  34. "What Happens to Sex Offenders Who Flee to Israel?". The Forward. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  35. "Israel | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org. Retrieved 20 August 2024.