 | |
 Croatia |  Indonesia |
|---|---|
Croatia and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1992. [1] Croatia sees Indonesia as one of the largest and the most influential nation in ASEAN, and recognized its potential as the gate to enter ASEAN markets. [2] Vice versa, Indonesia also recognizes Croatian potential as a strategic gate to penetrate Balkans and European Union market. [3] Croatia has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesian embassy in Zagreb was established in 2010. [4]
Croatia seeks to access ASEAN Economic Community in 2015 through its relations with Indonesia. [2] On the other hand, Indonesia sees Croatia as a potential port to enter Balkans region as well as Central European Union market, especially since Croatia has joined the EU in July 2013. The bilateral trade volume in 2011 reached US$67.1 million, and decreased in 2012 to US$30.17 million figures. On bilateral trade balance, Indonesia recorded a US$8.4 million surplus in 2012. [3]
Other than trade, the cooperation also expanded to other sectors, include economics and technical, [5] defence through military industry cooperation, [6] and education through Indonesia-Croatia university cooperation. [7]
Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. During the presidency of Sukarno, Indonesia's foreign relations were marked by engagement with other newly independent nations in Asia and Africa, as exemplified by the Bandung Conference, the subsequent foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement and a confrontational attitude towards Western powers, justified by a belief in the CONEFO and opposition to what Sukarno termed as NEKOLIM.
Hungary–Indonesia relations refer to bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1955. A Hungarian embassy was opened in Jakarta in 1957. In line to Hungarian "Eastern Opening" policy, and due to Indonesian political weight and market potentials, Hungary considered Indonesia as one of the most influential states in the ASEAN. While Indonesia sees Hungary as a potential market and a strategic entrance to penetrate the markets of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Hungary has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consuls in Bandung and Denpasar, while Indonesia has an embassy in Budapest.
Indonesia and Romania established diplomatic relations in 1950. Indonesia and Romania have agreed to enhance cooperation in the trade sector. The nations are expecting the other to be the gate to enter each regional market: Indonesia as the gate to enter the ASEAN market and Romania as the gate to enter the European Union's. Indonesia has an embassy in Bucharest and Romania has an embassy in Jakarta.
Diplomatic relations were established between Croatia and the Philippines on February 25, 1993, soon after the Philippines recognized Croatia as an independent nation in 1992. The two countries have links between their shipping industries, including port management, and seafarers.
Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1984. Since then, both country enjoys warm and friendly relations. Brunei has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. Indonesia and Brunei don't share direct land borders. Since diplomatic relations were established back in 1984, Overall relations between the two countries were progressing well and that both sides continued to enjoy strong ties in a wide spectrum of co-operations; including trade and investment, tourism, agriculture, marine and fisheries, health, defence, transnational crimes, education, youth, culture and people-to-people contacts.
Indonesia and Suriname established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both had a special relationship, based upon shared common history as former colonies of the Dutch Empire. Large numbers of Javanese migrated to Suriname to work on plantations during the late 19th and early 20th-centuries. Indonesia has an embassy in Paramaribo also accredited to the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, while Suriname has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia and Suriname are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Indonesia and Italy established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1949. Italy has shown strong desire to improve its relations with Indonesia, especially in intercultural understanding and trade. Indonesia recognizes Italy's strategic location and important role in the middle of Mediterranean region, while Italy has favoured relations with Indonesia, and sees Indonesia as the leader in Southeast Asia. The relations between two countries not only important to bridge the two regional communities; European Union and ASEAN, but also vital as intercultural and interfaith dialog, since Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world, and Italy is the heart of the Catholic faith.
Cuba and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1960. During the administration of Indonesia's first president Sukarno in the 1960s, Indonesia and Cuba enjoyed an exceptionally close relationship. The relations between the two nations mostly focused on sports and health. Cuba has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Havana that is also accredited to the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and Jamaica. Both nations are full members of the Non-Aligned Movement and partners in the Group of 77 and the Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Bosnia and Herzegovina–Indonesia relations refers to the bilateral relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Indonesia. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Sarajevo. The bilateral relations was initially motivated by humanity and religious solidarity. As a nation with the largest Muslim population, Indonesians were shocked by the ethnic cleansing against Muslim Bosniaks during the Bosnian War, and promptly organized and mobilized help. Indonesian support for Bosnia and Herzegovina ranged from collecting donations, sending peacekeeping forces under United Nations, to building the Istiqlal Mosque in Sarajevo.
Jordan and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1950. Both are Muslim majority countries who, despite the challenges, wish to promote and projects the Islamic values of tolerance, justice and equality. Both nations often share similar stances upon issues in the Middle East, such as the Syrian Civil War and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Economy and trade relations are also particularly important, currently Indonesia is Jordan's largest trade partner in ASEAN. Jordan has an embassy in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Amman that is also accredited to Palestine. Both countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations see each other as an attractive market with good prospects and potentials, and seeks to boost trade relations. Indonesia has an embassy in Lima, while Peru has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia and Peru are members of multilateral organizations such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.
Ethiopia and Indonesia established diplomatic relations in 1961, followed by the opening of Indonesian embassy in Addis Ababa in 1964. Indonesia have an embassy in Addis Ababa that also accredited to Djibouti, while Ethiopia has established a new embassy in Jakarta in the second half 2016. H.E. Arega Hailu Teffera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has presented his credential to H.E. President Joko Widodo on 23 February 2017. The Ethiopian embassy is now fully functional in Jakarta. The Embassy of Ethiopia in Jakarta is accredited to ASEAN HQ, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Maldives and Pakistan. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Indonesia–Uzbekistan relations was officially established on June 23, 1992. Both countries have recognized importance of each other's potential; Uzbekistan realized the strategic importance of Indonesia, home to the world's biggest Muslim population and Southeast Asia’s biggest economy, while Indonesia recognize Uzbekistan strategic importance as the gate to Central Asia, a growing economy also a potential market. Indonesia has an embassy in Tashkent, while Uzbekistan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries have Muslim-majority population and both are members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Fiji and Indonesia established relations in 1974, at that time Indonesian mission for Fiji was accredited through Indonesian embassy in Wellington, New Zealand. On August 22, 2002 Indonesia opened their embassy in Suva, Fiji. Fiji reciprocated by opening their embassy in Jakarta on April 6, 2011 which is also accredited to East Timor.
Indonesia–Panama relations was established in 1979. Since the beginning, both countries have realized the strategic importance of each counterparts; Indonesia sees strategic and geographic importance of Panama as their gate to Central America as well as to reach the Caribbean region, while Panama has also recognized the strategic importance of Indonesia in ASEAN region. Indonesia has an embassy in Panama City, while Panama has an embassy in Jakarta.
Indonesia–Kazakhstan relations refer to bilateral relations between Indonesia and Kazakhstan. The two countries officially established relations in 1993 and share some similarities; both countries possess abundance of natural resources, have predominantly Muslim populations, ensure harmonious diversity and a commitment to human rights and democracy. Both nations have agreed to increase cooperation in several economic sectors, such as agriculture, industry, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, transportation infrastructure and machinery manufacture. Indonesia has an embassy in Astana, while Kazakhstan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are member of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Indonesia–Liberia relations was officially established in 1965; however, it was not until 2013 that the bilateral relations between Indonesia and Liberia started to intensify, signed with the visits of two respective countries' leaders. Indonesian embassy in Abuja is also accredited to Liberia, while Liberian embassy in New Delhi is also accredited to Indonesia.
Indonesia and Serbia established diplomatic relations in 1954, with the legal frameworks was inherited from the Yugoslavian era. Indonesia has an embassy in Belgrade and Serbia has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are the founders of Non Aligned Movement.
Indonesia–Oman relations was officially established in 1978. Indonesia and Oman are Muslim majority countries and shares same commitment in pursuing global peace and prosperity. Indonesia has an embassy in Muscat, while Oman has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are the member of Organization of Islamic Cooperation and also Non Aligned Movement.
Foreign relations between the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Republic of Indonesia were officially established in 1976. Bahrain sees Indonesia as an important market in ASEAN, while Indonesia sees Bahrain as one of the gate to enter Gulf Cooperation Council nations. Indonesia has an embassy in Manama since December 29, 2010, while Bahrain has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are the member of Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
| Africa |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Americas | ||
| Asia | ||
| Europe | ||
| Oceania | ||
| Multilateral | ||
| Related topics | ||
see also: Foreign relations of Yugoslavia | ||
|  | |||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
