| Cryptococcus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cryptococcus fagisuga , the beech scale | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Eriococcidae |
| Genus: | Cryptococcus Douglas, 1890 [1] |
| Species | |
Cryptococcus is a genus of scale insects in the family Eriococcidae.
Brain abscess is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources, within the brain tissue. The infection may also be introduced through a skull fracture following a head trauma or surgical procedures. Brain abscess is usually associated with congenital heart disease in young children. It may occur at any age but is most frequent in the third decade of life.
Basidiomycota is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya within the kingdom Fungi. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores. These specialized spores are called basidiospores. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the formation of a distinctive anatomical feature, cell wall components, and definitively by phylogenetic molecular analysis of DNA sequence data.
Cryptococcus, sometimes informally called crypto, is a genus of fungi, which grow in culture as yeasts. The sexual forms or teleomorphs of Cryptococcus species are filamentous fungi in the genus Filobasidiella. The name Cryptococcus is used when referring to the yeast states of the fungi; it comes from the Greek for "hidden sphere". A few of the species cause a disease called cryptococcosis.
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast and an obligate aerobe that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes. It is often found in bird excrement. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal organism and it can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts.
Cryptococcosis, sometimes informally called crypto, is a potentially fatal fungal disease caused by a few species of Cryptococcus.
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes.
Crypto or Krypto may refer to:
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Approximately 300 fungi are known to be pathogenic to humans. The study of fungi pathogenic to humans is called "medical mycology". Although fungi are eukaryotic, many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms. The study of fungi and other organisms pathogenic to plants is called plant pathology.
The Tremellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family is cosmopolitan and contains both teleomorphic and anamorphic genera, most of the latter being yeasts. All teleomorphic species of fungi in the Tremellaceae are parasites of other fungi, though the yeast states are widespread and not restricted to hosts. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous.
The Tremellales are an order of fungi in the class Tremellomycetes. The order contains both teleomorphic and anamorphic species, most of the latter being yeasts. All teleomorphic species in the Tremellales are parasites of other fungi, though the yeast states are widespread and not restricted to hosts. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous.
Antarctica is one of the most physically and chemically extreme terrestrial environments to be inhabited by lifeforms. The largest plants are mosses, and the largest animals that do not leave the continent are a few species of insects.
Eriococcidae is a family of scale insects in the order Hemiptera. They are commonly known as felt scales or eriococcids. Each species is usually specific to a different plant host, or closely related group of hosts.
Cryptococcus phenolicus is a fungus species in the genus Cryptococcus.
Cryptococcus adeliensis is a species of Cryptococcus that when plated on agar produces colonies that are cream colored, with a smooth, glossy appearance. The colonies frequently appear to have a soft texture. The optimal growth range for this species is at 25 degrees Celsius. Cryptococcus adeliensis is incapable of fermentation, as is typical of the Cryptococcus species. This species is able to use sucrose, maltose, cellbiose, trehalose, raffinose, citrate, inositol ethanol, soluble starch, melezitose, xylitol, saccharate, salicin as well as many other compounds as sole carbon sources. Cryptococcus adeliensis is able to use nitrate, nitrite and cadaverine, a protein created when animals decay and which produces the putrid smell associated with this decay, as sources of Nitrogen. This species forms starch as it grows. Cryptococcus adeliensis also grows on 0.01% cycloheximide.
'Cryptococcus albidosimilis is a species that has been isolated from soil in Antarctica. When plated on agar it produces colonies that are shining white. The colonies appear to be mucosoid in appearance when plated on agar. When grown in liquid media, the yeast fails to grow well unless the media is constantly agitated. This species is considered mesophilic, with optimal growth temperature is at 25 °C, with a maximum growth temperature. On the microscopic level, the cells are ovoid in shape, and produce a capsule. C. albidosimilis reproduces through budding, and it does not appear s though this species reproduces through any sexual means. When mature, the cell size is approximately 4.9μm to 6.6μm. C. albidosimilis can use L-arabinose, cellobiose, citrate at pH 6.0, ethanol, D-glucitol, gluconate at pH 5.8, glucuronate at pH 5.5, myo-inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, melezitose, α-methylglucoside, L-rhamnose, salicin, soluble starch, succinate at pH 5.5, sucrose and xylose as sole carbon sources. This cell can also use L-lysine, nitrate and cadaverine as sole nitrogen sources. This species cannot ferment. C. albidosimilis is DBB positive, and produces amylose.
Cryptococcus skinneri is a species of yeast which forms white and cream colored colonies which are smooth with a mucoid texture. No hyphae are present and it reproduces by budding. The individual cells are round and oval in shape. The formation of starch and urea has been observed. It will grow at 25 degrees Celsius up to 30 degrees Celsius in some cases.
Vomocytosis is the cellular process by which live organisms that have previously been engulfed by a white blood cell are expelled without being destroyed. Vomocytosis was first reported in 2006 by two groups, working simultaneously in the UK and the USA, based on time-lapse microscopy footage characterising the interaction between macrophages and the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Subsequently, this process has also been seen with other fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans and Candida krusei. It has also been speculated that the process may be related to the expulsion of bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium marinum from host cells. Vomocytosis has been observed in phagocytic cells from mice, humans and birds, as well as being directly observed in zebrafish and indirectly detected in mice. Amoebae exhibit a similar process to vomocytosis whereby phagosomal material that cannot be digested is exocytosed. Cryptococci are exocytosed from amoebae via this mechanism but inhibition of the constitutive pathway demonstrated that cryptococci could also be expelled via vomocytosis.
Cryptococcus laurentii is a species of yeasts.
Data related to Cryptococcus at Wikispecies  | This article related to members of the insect superfamily Coccoidea is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |