Ctena orbiculata

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Ctena orbiculata
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.327434 - Ctena orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) - Lucinidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg
Preserved specimen of Ctena orbiculata
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta
Order: Lucinida
Superfamily: Lucinoidea
Family: Lucinidae
Genus: Ctena
Species:
C. orbiculata
Binomial name
Ctena orbiculata
(Montagu, 1808)
Synonyms [1]
  • Codakia orbiculata(Montagu, 1808)
  • Jagonia orbiculata (Montagu, 1808)
  • Venus orbiculataMontagu, 1808

Ctena orbiculata, commonly known as the dwarf tiger lucine, [2] is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies. [3]

Contents

Description

Ctena orbiculata grows to maximum length of 25 mm (1 in). [2] The shell valves are nearly circular, the outer surface being sculptured with fine concentric rings and rather coarser radial lines. The lunule is elongate. The valves can be white, pale yellow or pale orange, but the interior is never pinkish. The shell is more inflated than that of the rather larger tiger lucine ( Codakia orbicularis ). [4] Like other members of its family Lucinidae, Ctena orbiculata does not have an inhalant siphon, instead rolling its elongated foot into a mucus-lined tube and drawing water into the gill cavity through this. It does have an exhalant siphon which is formed from a highly extensible mantle flap and can be inverted and drawn back into the shell. [5]

Distribution and habitat

Ctena orbiculata is native to the western Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from North Carolina to the Caribbean Sea. It lives immersed in soft sediment on the seabed. Its maximum depth is 183 m (600 ft). [2]

Ecology

Ctena orbiculata is present in large quantities in the sediments associated with turtlegrass, Thalassia testudinum , in Bermuda. The gills of the mollusc contain symbiotic bacteria able to oxidise sulphur. These chemoautotrophic bacteria use the energy released by the oxidation of sulphur compounds to fix carbon dioxide and convert the products into more complex organic molecules which become available to the mollusc. Oxygen-containing water is drawn into the mollusc's gills where the sulphide present in the sediment can be oxidised to non-toxic thiosulphate. The bacteria use oxygen or the nitrate present in the water as an electron acceptor, and oxidise thiosulphate further. This symbiotic arrangement may have allowed bivalves such as Ctena orbiculata to colonise sediments not suited to other organisms. [5]

During periods of starvation in the laboratory, Ctena orbiculata soon consumes the bacterial symbionts in its gill chambers. On release into Thalassia testudinum seagrass beds, the molluscs quickly reacquires the bacteria from the environment. [6]

Related Research Articles

Bivalvia Class of molluscs

Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. The majority are filter feeders. The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some bivalves, such as the scallops and file shells, can swim. The shipworms bore into wood, clay, or stone and live inside these substances.

Siphon (mollusc) Anatomical structure which is part of the body of some aquatic molluscs

A siphon is an anatomical structure which is part of the body of aquatic molluscs in three classes: Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda.

<i>Teredo navalis</i>

Teredo navalis, the naval shipworm, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Teredinidae, the shipworms. This species is the type species of the genus Teredo. Like other species in this family, this bivalve is called a shipworm, because it resembles a worm in general appearance, while at the anterior end it has a small shell with two valves which is adept at boring through wood.

Lucinidae

Lucinidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.

Solemya borealis, the boreal awning clam, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae the awning clams. This species is found along the northeastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Connecticut.

<i>Solemya velum</i>

Solemya velum, the Atlantic awning clam, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae, the awning clams. This species is found along the eastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida.

<i>Pinna carnea</i>

Pinna carnea, commonly called the amber pen shell, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Pinnidae.

<i>Lucina pensylvanica</i>

Lucina pensylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies.

Lucina amiantus, or the decorated lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies and Brazil.

<i>Anodontia alba</i>

Anodontia alba, or the buttercup lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, its range extending from North Carolina in the United States to the West Indies.

Anodontia philippiana, or the chalky buttercup, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found burrowing in soft substrate in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of North America, its range extending from North Carolina in the United States to the West Indies and Bermuda.

<i>Codakia orbicularis</i>

Codakia orbicularis, or the tiger lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Florida to the West Indies.

Divaricella dentata, or the dentate lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the coast of the West Indies.

<i>Fabulina fabula</i>

Fabulina fabula, the bean-like tellin, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Tellinidae. It is found off the coasts of northwest Europe, where it lives buried in sandy sediments.

<i>Tellina tenuis</i>

Tellina tenuis, the thin tellin, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Tellinidae. It is found off the coasts of northwest Europe and in the Mediterranean Sea, where it lives buried in sandy sediments.

<i>Tellimya ferruginosa</i>

Tellimya ferruginosa is a species of small marine bivalve mollusc in the family Lasaeidae. It is found on the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Corculum cardissa</i>

Corculum cardissa, the heart cockle, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Cardiidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae), which live within its tissues.

In ecology, sulfide intrusion refers to an excess of sulfide molecules (S2-) in the soil that interfere with plant growth, often seagrass.

<i>Lucina</i> (bivalve) Genus of molluscs

Lucina is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.

<i>Codakia distinguenda</i>

Codakia distinguenda, the elegant lucine, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc. It was first described to science in 1872 by George Washington Tryon Jr.

References

  1. ↑ Taylor, John (2020). "Ctena orbiculata (Montagu, 1808)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 Tunnell, John Wesley (2010). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History. Texas A&M University Press. p. 425. ISBN   978-1-60344-337-1.
  3. ↑ Abbott, R.T.; Morris, P.A. A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 52.
  4. ↑ Leal, J.H. "Ctena orbiculata (Montagu, 1808)". Southwest Florida Shells. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  5. 1 2 Barnes, P.A.G. (1993). Eco-physiology of the endosymbiont-bearing lucinid bivalve, Codakia orbiculata (PhD thesis). University of Plymouth. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  6. ↑ Elisabeth, Nathalie H.; Caro, Audrey; Césaire, Thierry; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Escalas, Arthur; Sylvestre, Marie-Noëlle; Jean-Louis, Patrick & Gros, Olivier (2014). "Comparative modifications in bacterial gill-endosymbiotic populations of the two bivalves Codakia orbiculata and Lucina pensylvanica during bacterial loss and reacquisition". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 89 (3): 646–658. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12366 .
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