| Codakia orbicularis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Lucinida |
| Superfamily: | Lucinoidea |
| Family: | Lucinidae |
| Genus: | Codakia |
| Species: | C. orbicularis |
| Binomial name | |
| Codakia orbicularis | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Codakia orbicularis , or the tiger lucine, [1] is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Florida to the West Indies. [2]
Codakia orbicularis grows to maximum length of about 85 mm (3.3 in). The shell valves are nearly circular, the outer surface being sculptured with fine concentric rings and closely-packed radial lines. The lunule, a depressed area near the hinge, is heart-shaped, with the right valve lunule being larger than the left. The periostracum, a thin outside layer, is brown and the valves are mainly white; there is often a pinkish tinge near the interior margin. The shell is more laterally compressed than the smaller dwarf tiger lucine ( Ctena orbiculata ). [3] Like other members of its family Lucinidae, Codakia orbicularis does not have an inhalant siphon, instead rolling its elongated foot into a mucus-lined tube and drawing water into the gill cavity through this. It does have an exhalant siphon which is formed from a highly extensible mantle flap and can be inverted and drawn back into the shell. [4] The gill cavity contains chemosymbiotic sulphur-oxidizing bacteria housed in bacteriocytes which contribute to the clam's nutritional requirements. [5] [6]
Codakia orbicularis is native to the western Atlantic Ocean where its range includes from Florida and the northern coast of the Caribbean Sea. It lives immersed in soft sediment on the seabed, typically in Thalassia testudinum seagrass beds. Its maximum depth is 93 m (305 ft). [1] The bacterial symbionts enable these burrowing bivalves to colonise sulfide-rich sediments with low oxygen levels that are unsuited to many other bivalves. [7]
Codakia orbicularis is a large edible shellfish and its life cycle has been studied to see whether it is suitable for mariculture. In the Bahamas, spawning takes place between May and October. The large-yolked eggs are enclosed in a thick gelatinous membrane and the early developmental stages take place inside this capsule. The later stages of the veliger larva are planktonic and metamorphosis occurs about 16 days after fertilisation. During their growth and development, the larvae may obtain nutrition from the symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria present in their tissues. [8]
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bivalves have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs, like the radula and the odontophore. The class includes the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. The majority are filter feeders. The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some bivalves, such as the scallops and file shells, can swim. Shipworms bore into wood, clay, or stone and live inside these substances.
A siphon is an anatomical structure which is part of the body of aquatic molluscs in three classes: Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda.
Freshwater bivalves are one kind of freshwater mollusc, along with freshwater snails. They are bivalves that live in fresh water as opposed to salt water, which is the main habitat type for bivalves.
Lucinidae, common name hatchet shells, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.
Macoma nasuta, commonly known as the bent-nosed clam, is a species of bivalve found along the Pacific Ocean coast of North America. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long. It is often found buried in sands of 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) in depth. This rounded clam has no radial ribs. Archaeological data supports the use of this species by Native Americans such as the Chumash peoples of central California.
Mya truncata, common name the blunt gaper or truncate softshell, is a species of edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Myidae.
Solemya borealis, the boreal awning clam, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae the awning clams. This species is found along the northeastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Connecticut.
Solemya velum, the Atlantic awning clam, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae, the awning clams. This species is found along the eastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida and inhabits subtidal sediments with high organic matter (OM) content and low Oxygen, such as salt ponds, salt marshes, and sewage outfalls.
Lucina pensylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae.
Anodontia alba, or the buttercup lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, its range extending from North Carolina in the United States to the West Indies.
Anodontia philippiana, or the chalky buttercup, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found burrowing in soft substrate in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of North America, its range extending from North Carolina in the United States to the West Indies and Bermuda.
Ctena orbiculata, commonly known as the dwarf tiger lucine, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from North Carolina to the West Indies.
Divaricella quadrisulcata, or the cross-hatched lucine, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae. D. quadrisulcata, also known as Divalinga quadrisulcata, are known for their unique shell patterns. The shells of D. quadrisulcata have been used as jewelry and can be collected along the shore in many Atlantic coastal states in North America. These organisms are known to have a symbiotic relationship with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, as is characteristic of many other organisms within the family Lucinidae.
Mulinia lateralis, the dwarf surf clam or coot clam, is a species of small saltwater clam, a bivalve mollusc in the family Mactridae. It occurs in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
In ecology, sulfide intrusion refers to an excess of sulfide molecules (S2-) in the soil that interfere with plant growth, often seagrass.
Stewartia floridana is a bivalve of the family Lucinidae that is chemosymbiotic with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.
Lucina is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.
Solecurtus strigilatus, also known as the rosy razor clam, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solecurtidae. This mollusc is a suspension feeder and can burrow with great rapidity to escape predators. It is an unusual bivalve in that its shell valves are too small to contain all the soft tissue, and the animal is unable to retreat into its shell.
Codakia distinguenda, the elegant lucine, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc. It was first described to science in 1872 by George Washington Tryon Jr.
Lucinella divaricata, the divaricate lucine, is a small marine bivalve mollusc of the family Lucinidae found in the north eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Its fossils are known from Cenozoic deposits all over Europe. Chemoautotrophic bacteria in their gills enable them to survive well in substrates rich in hydrogen sulfide.
