Cyclorrhapha

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Cyclorrhapha
Sarcophagid fly Portrait.jpg
Musca domestica
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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Muscomorpha
Clade: Eremoneura
(unranked): Cyclorrhapha
Sections

Cyclorrhapha is an unranked taxon within the infraorder Muscomorpha. They are called "Cyclorrhapha" ('circular-seamed flies') [1] with reference to the circular aperture through which the adult escapes the puparium. [2] This is a circumscriptional name that has significant historical familiarity, but in the present classification, this name is synonymous with the more recent "Muscomorpha". [3]

Cyclorrhapha underwent major adaptive radiation that led to the creation of over 72 000 species. These species share multiple attributes such as the 360-degree rotation of the male terminalia. [4]

Cyclorrhapha exhibits significant morphological and molecular diversity, including notable changes in anterior egg development, as exemplified by the role of the exuperantia (exu) gene in Anastrepha fraterculus, a species of great agricultural importance. [5] Additionally, phylogenetic analyses suggest that the larval structures of Cyclorrhapha have evolved in response to varying food consistencies, reflecting their ecological adaptations. [6]

References

  1. ↑ Borror, Donald J.; Triplehorn, Charles A.; Johnson, Norman F. (2009). An Introduction to the Study of Insects, Sixth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Philadelphia. pp. 501, 548. ISBN   978-0-03-025397-3.
  2. ↑ Borror, Donald J.; Triplehorn, Charles A.; Johnson, Norman F. (2009). An Introduction to the Study of Insects, Sixth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Philadelphia. p. 548. ISBN   978-0-03-025397-3.
  3. ↑ Marchiori, Carlos Henrique (30 September 2021). "Study of Diptera species of medical, sanitary, veterinary, and economic importance in Brazil: Bibliographic summary" (PDF). Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 1 (2): 066–078. doi:10.53022/oarjms.2021.1.2.0032.
  4. ↑ de Oliveira, Janaina Lima; Sobrinho-Junior, Iderval Silva; Chahad-Ehlers, Samira; de Brito, Reinaldo Alves (11 September 2017). "Evolutionary coincidence of adaptive changes in exuperantia and the emergence of bicoid in Cyclorrhapha (Diptera)". Development Genes and Evolution. 227 (5): 355–365. doi:10.1007/s00427-017-0594-3. PMC   5597691 . PMID   28894941.
  5. ↑ Oliveira, J. L. de, Sobrinho-Junior, I. S., Chahad-Ehlers, S., & Brito, R. A. de. (2017). Evolutionary coincidence of adaptive changes in Exuperantia and the emergence of bicoid in Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) - Development Genes and Evolution. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00427-017-0594-3
  6. ↑ Rotheray, G. E., & Gilbert, F. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships and the larval head of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 153(2), 287–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00395.x
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