Cyphellostereum is a genus of basidiolichens. Species produce white, somewhat cup-shaped fruit bodies on a thin film of green on soil which is the thallus. All Cyphellostereum species have nonamyloid spores and tissues, lack clamp connections, and also lack hymenial cystidia.
Acantholichen is a fungal genus in the family Hygrophoraceae. The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen to contain the type, and at that time, only species, the basidiolichen Acantholichen pannarioides, discovered originally in Costa Rica in 1998. This species has a bluish, gelatinous thallus, and a fine, white powdery bloom covering the hairy upper surface; this surface is said to resemble "an unshaven chin". Five additional species, all basidiolichens, were added to the genus in 2016 following an in-depth analysis of specimens collected from the Galápagos, Costa Rica, Brazil and Colombia.
Dictyonema is a genus of mainly tropical basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae.
Cora is a large genus of basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae. Modern molecular phylogenetics research has revealed a rich biodiversity in this largely tropical genus.
Cora timucua, the Timucua heart lichen, is a species of lichen collected from 1885 to 1985 in Florida. The Timucua heart lichen was named to honor the Timucua people. The species is now potentially extinct but this is unknown.
Cora hymenocarpa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Costa Rica, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Robert Lücking, José Luis Chaves, and James D. Lawrey. The specific epithet hymenocarpa refers to the "strongly flattened, emarginate hymenophore". Cora hymenocarpa grows in the tropical rainforests of Costa Rica as an epiphyte on the somewhat shaded branches and twigs of shrubs and trees. The Colombian species Cora hafecesweorthensis is similar in appearance but is not closely related phylogenetically.
Cora imi is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Costa Rica, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Robert Lücking, José Luis Chaves, and James D. Lawrey. The specific epithet imi is an acronym for the International Mycological Institute. The lichen is known only from the type collection, which was found at an altitude of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft) in the Los Santos Forest Reserve in Cerro de la Muerte. Here it was growing on the ground in páramo among bryophytes.
Cora santacruzensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the Galapagos, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Manuela Dal Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Alba Yánez-Ayabaca. The specific epithet santacruzensis refers to Santa Cruz Island, the type locality where the lichen was first documented scientifically. Here it was found at an abandoned farm behind El Puntudo, where it was growing on a shaded branch of an avocado tree. A paratype specimen was collected from a Cinchona tree. The lichen is one of two presumably endemic Cora species found on the Galapagos; the other is Cora glabrata.
Cora lawreyana is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Mexico, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by Bibiana Moncada, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in the La Cortadura Ecological Reserve in a cloud forest at an altitude of 2,088 m (6,850 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality, where it grows as an epiphyte on the trunks of trees, usually on or around mosses and liverworts, such as from the genera Frullania, Metzgeria, and Plagiochila. The specific epithet honours lichenologist James D. Lawrey, who, according to the authors, "has made numerous contributions to lichenology in such diverse fields as ecology, lichenicolous fungi, and the evolution of basidiolichens and their photobionts".
Cora arachnoidea is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Jesús Hernández and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in the surroundings of Laguna de Mucubají, at an altitude of 3,626 m (11,896 ft). The specific epithet makes reference to the arachnoid (cobwebby) texture of the thallus surface. Another member of the genus with a similar surface is Cora hirsuta.
Cora inversa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Robert Lücking and Bibiana Moncada. The type specimen was collected in the Páramo El Verjón at an altitude of 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Here the lichen grows as an epiphyte, typically at the base of páramo shrubs, and often between bryophytes. The specific epithet refers to the partially strigose underside, presenting in an inverse fashion compared to Cora hirsuta, which is strigose on the upper side.
Cora strigosa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Peru, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Robert Lücking, Elias Paz, and Luis Salcedo. The type specimen was collected in Piscacucho at an altitude of about 2,700 m (8,900 ft). Here, in montane rainforest and pasture near Machu Picchu, the lichen grows on rocks together with other lichens, such as Hypotrachyna and Rimelia. Cora strigosa is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet strigosa refers to the strigose upper surface of the thallus, especially prominent where they project radially at the margins. This lichen resembles Cora hirsuta, but it is not closely related.
Acantholichen albomarginatus is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Marcelo Marcelli, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Estrada das Prateleiras at an altitude of 2,190 m (7,190 ft). Here, on the edge of a cloud forest in dense vegetation on the side on the road, it was found growing amongst bryophytes and liverworts. The specific epithet albomarginatus, which combines the Latin roots albo- ("white") and marginatus ("edge"), refers to the white margins that are on some of the squamules. The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality, which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome. The authors suggest that the species is easily overlooked, "because from a distance it looks like a mass of bluish gray hyphae resembling a non-lichenized cyanobacterium or just developing hyphae".
Acantholichen sorediatus is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Costa Rica, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Harrie Sipman, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from the Las Cruces Biological Station at an altitude of 1,200 m (3,900 ft); this area is part of the Cordillera Central. Here, in the undergrowth of a disturbed primary forest, it was found growing on a tree trunk along with other lichens, including Hypotrachyna, Normandina, and Leptogium. The specific epithet refers to the soredia, found along the margins of the squamules.
Acantholichen pannarioides is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae, and the type species of genus Acantholichen. The lichen has a bluish-tinged, gelatinous thallus with a surface texture that has a powdery to hairy texture. It is found in montane regions of Central America and northern South America, where it grows on forest litter, bark, on bryophytes, and on other lichens.
Dictyonema barbatum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where it grows as an epiphyte on the bark of branches and trunks, often on introduced plants such as avocado and guava trees. It was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected near the southern crater rim of the Sierra Negra, at an altitude of 1,055 m (3,461 ft). Its preferred habitat is open areas with lots of rainfall and light exposure. The lichen forms shelf-like, filamentous brackets comprising individual semicircular lobes up to 8 cm (3 in) wide. The specific epithet barbatum refers to the "beard-like" white hairs on the shelf margins, a characteristic feature of this species. These "hairs" are sheaths of fungal hyphae that lack photobiont filaments.
Dictyonema darwinianum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where it grows as an epiphyte on the bark of branches and trunks, often closely associated with or overgrowing bryophytes and interspersed detritus. It was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected along the trail from Bellavista to El Puntudo on Santa Cruz Island at an altitude of 502 m (1,647 ft). The lichen is common and widespread on the Galápagos Islands, where it forms dark bluish-green filamentous and crust-like mats on Frullania liverworts and associated forest detritus. The specific epithet darwinianum honours Charles Darwin and the Charles Darwin Foundation.
Dictyonema lawreyi is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the United States, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by Manuela Dal Forno, Laurel Kaminsky, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Ocala National Forest, where it was growing as an epiphyte on a trunk of Magnolia. It is only known to occur here and in two other locations in Florida, all in hardwood forests. The lichen has a crustose and filamentous growth form on a white hypothallus, and thallus surface made of a mat of turquoise, loosely interwoven fibrils forming more or less continuous patches up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The type was collected by lichenologist James D. Lawrey, for whom the species is named, and whose work, according to the authors, "helped to redefine the circumscription of the genus Dictyonema s.str."
Dictyonema subobscuratum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where it mostly grows as an epiphyte over bryophytes on branches and trunks in humid zones. It was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected on Floreana Island along the rim trail to Cerro Pajas at an altitude of 442 m (1,450 ft); it has also been recorded from Santa Cruz Island. The lichen forms dark bluish-green filamentous, irregular mats that grow in patches up to 5 cm (2.0 in) across. The specific epithet subobscuratum refers to its similarity with Dictyonema obscuratum, found in Brazil.
James Donald Lawrey is a biologist, specialising in lichens. He is known for leading long-term monitoring projects, taxonomy and studies of the evolution of the fungi in lichens.
