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The traditional Chinese calendar,dating back to the Han dynasty,is a lunisolar calendar that blends solar,lunar,and other cycles for social and agricultural purposes. While modern China primarily uses the Gregorian calendar for official purposes,the traditional calendar remains culturally significant. It determines the timing of Chinese New Year with traditions like the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac still widely observed.
The sexagenary cycle,also known as the ganzhi or stems-and-branches is a cycle of sixty terms,each corresponding to one year,thus a total of sixty years for one cycle,historically used for recording time in China and the rest of the East Asian cultural sphere and Southeast Asia. It appears as a means of recording days in the first Chinese written texts,the oracle bones of the late second millennium BC Shang dynasty. Its use to record years began around the middle of the 3rd century BC. The cycle and its variations have been an important part of the traditional calendrical systems in Chinese-influenced Asian states and territories,particularly those of Japan,Korea,and Vietnam,with the old Chinese system still in use in Taiwan,and in Mainland China. In India,the Ahom people also used the sexagenary cycle known as Lak-Ni.
A solar term is any of twenty-four periods in traditional Chinese lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon. The points are spaced 15°apart along the ecliptic and are used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons,which is crucial for agrarian societies. The solar terms are also used to calculate intercalary months;which month is repeated depends on the position of the sun at the time.
The September equinox is the moment when the Sun appears to cross the celestial equator,heading southward. Because of differences between the calendar year and the tropical year,the September equinox may occur from September 21 to 24.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. The first one is known as lichun in Chinese,risshun in Japanese,ipchun in Korean,and lập xuân in Vietnamese. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 315°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 330°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 315°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around February 4 and ends around February 18. It is also the beginning of a sexagenary cycle.
The traditional chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiǎohán,Shōkan,Sohan,or Tiểu hàn is the 23rd solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 285°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 300°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 285°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 5 January and ends around 20 January.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Chūnfēn,Shunbun,Chunbun,or Xuân phân is the 4th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 0°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 15°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 20 March and ends around 4 April. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 0°.
The traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Qiūfēn,Shūbun,Chubun,or Thu phân is the 16th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 180°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 195°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 180°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around September 23 and ends around October 8.
Xiàzhì is the 10th solar term,and marks the summer solstice,in the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar dividing a year into 24 solar terms.
Qīngmíng,Seimei,Cheongmyeong or Thanh minh,is the name of the 5th solar term of the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar,which divides a year into 24 solar terms. In space partitioning,Qingming begins when the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 15°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 30°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 15°,usually on April 5.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiǎomǎn,Shōman,Soman,or Tiểu mãn is the 8th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 60°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 75°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 60°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 21 May and ends around 5 June.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Dōngzhì,Tōji,Dongji,Tunji,or Đông chí is the 22nd solar term,and marks the winter solstice. The term begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 21 December and ends around 5 January.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Dàshǔ,Taisho,Daeseo,or Đại thử is the 12th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 120°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 135°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 120°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 22 July and ends around 7 August.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气/節氣). Shuāngjiàng,Sōkō,Sanggang,or Sương giáng is the 18th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 210°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 225°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 210°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around October 23 and ends around November 7.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Chǔshǔ,Shosho,Cheoseo,or Xửthử is the 14th solar term that signifies the end of the hot summer season. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 150°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 165°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 150°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 23 August and ends around 7 September.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Lìqiū,Risshū,Ipchu,or Lập thu is the 13th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 135°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 150°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 135°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around August 7 and ends around August 23.
The traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Dàxuě is the 21st solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 255°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 270°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 255°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around 7 December and ends around 21 December.
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Báilù,Hakuro,Baengno,or Bạch lộ is the 15th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 165°and ends when it reaches the longitude of 180°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 165°. In the Gregorian calendar,it usually begins around September 7 and ends around September 23.
In Thailand,two main calendar systems are used alongside each other:the Thai solar calendar,based on the Gregorian calendar and used for official and most day-to-day purposes,and the Thai lunar calendar,used for traditional events and Buddhist religious practices.
References
- ↑ Zhang, Peiyu; Hunag, Hongfeng( (1994). "The Twenty-four Solar Terms of the Chinese Calendar and the Calculation for Them". Purple Mountain Observatory. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ↑ Yuan, Haiwang (1 February 2016). "The Origin of Chinese New Year". SMS-I-Media Tourism Express. 1 (1).
- ↑ "古时"大寒"冷还是"小寒"冷". 正北方网. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2021.