David Gorski

Last updated
David Gorski
Gorski1.jpeg
Gorski in 2016
Born
David Henry Gorski
NationalityAmerican
Education
Scientific career
Fields Surgical oncology
Institutions
Doctoral advisor Kenneth Walsh

David Henry Gorski is an American surgical oncologist and professor of surgery at Wayne State University School of Medicine. [1] He specializes in breast cancer surgery at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. [2] Gorski is an outspoken skeptic and critic of alternative medicine and the anti-vaccination movement. He writes as Orac at Respectful Insolence and as himself at Science-Based Medicine, where he is the managing editor. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Early life and education

Gorski attended a Roman Catholic high school. [6] He went on to study medicine at the University of Michigan, earning an MD in 1988. [7] He entered a residency in general surgery in 1989 at the University Hospitals of Cleveland. Gorski completed a PhD in cellular physiology at Case Western Reserve University in 1994. His dissertation was entitled "Homeobox Gene Expression and Regulation in Vascular Myocytes." [8] Gorski continued his residency (1993–96) and completed a surgical oncology research fellowship (1996–99) at The University of Chicago. [9] [10]

Prior to 2005, he was active on the early internet message boards of Usenet participating in flame wars. [6]

Career

In the mid 2000s, Gorski taught surgery as an associate professor at the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey [11] and the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, at Rutgers University. [12]

In 2007 he received the Advanced Clinical Research Award in Breast Cancer from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. [13] He was awarded research grants by The Breast Cancer Research Foundation in 2008, 2009, and 2010. [14]

In 2008, Gorski joined the Wayne State University School of Medicine [15] and became affiliated with the Karmanos Cancer Institute. [12] He is a professor of surgery and oncology at the Wayne State University School of Medicine, [9] whose laboratory conducts research on transcriptional regulation of vascular endothelial cell phenotype, as well as the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in breast cancer. [9] In 2009, he was appointed the cancer liaison physician for the American College of Surgeons Committee on Cancer. [16]

He became the co-director of the Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative in 2013. [17] [18]

Gorski is listed as a founder of the Institute for Science in Medicine [19] and as a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. [14]

Research

Gorski's 1999 article "Blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor stress response increases the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation", characterizing the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies, has been cited over 900 times according to PubMed. [20] [21] This research has been used in anti-tumor therapeutic research, including an observation that angiogenesis inhibitors enhanced the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation "by preventing repair of radiation damage to endothelial cells," [22] and in determining the potential of combinational therapies to allow reduction of the dosages in toxic conventional treatments [23] while sustaining tumor regression when combined with specific antibodies and radiation therapy. [24]

Gorski's work with Helena Mauceri and others, published in Nature in 1998 as "Combined effects of angiostatin and ionizing radiation in antitumour therapy" studied the "combined effects of angiostatin" (a protein occurring in several animal species) "and ionizing radiation in anti-tumor therapy" [25] led to investigation into the selective destruction of tumor cells, which according to a 1999 study by Gregg L. Semenza (citing Mauceri and others), "are more hypoxic than normal cells," allowing for "tumor cells to be killed without major systemic side effects." [26]

In 2008, Gorski and Yun Chen published an article titled "Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA (miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5" that investigated the use of microRNA to regulate angiogenesis. [27]

Skepticism of alternative medicine

Skeptics Steven Novella, Harriet Hall, David Gorski, and Rachael Dunlop on a panel at The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012 244-Day 3-Panel-Truth About Alt Med-1 7-15-2012.JPG
Skeptics Steven Novella, Harriet Hall, David Gorski, and Rachael Dunlop on a panel at The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012

Gorski is a vocal skeptic of alternative medicine and has criticized pseudoscience. [28]

He has criticized the prevalence of pseudoscience in the medical field including the use of alternative therapies, [29] [30] acupuncture, [31] detoxification, [32] and the use of dietary treatment to manage autism. [33]

Blogs

Gorski is a prolific blogger. [6] In 2004, he began writing a blog entitled Respectful Insolence at Blogspot under the pen name Orac. Respectful Insolence was then moved to the ScienceBlogs website. [34] [35] Alissa Quart, writing for Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, described Orac as a "self-appointed autism expert" known for attacking the "vaccines-cause-autism set" and who had recently celebrated when an opponent lost their medical license. [36] In 2015, writing for Slate , Jacob Brogan said Orac was a "doctor who blogs about skepticism and medicine". [37]

In 2008 Gorski started blogging at Science-Based Medicine under his real name while continuing to blog as Orac at Respectful Insolence. [38] [39] He was later doxed as Orac. [6] As the managing editor[ clarification needed ] at Science-Based Medicine, Gorski has posted on issues of medicine and pseudoscience, including the anti-vaccination movement, alternative therapies, and cancer research and treatment. [40] [41] In 2010, Gorski recounted how members of the anti-vaccine blog Age of Autism wrote to the board of directors at Wayne State University and asked that he be prevented from blogging. [42]

Writing for The Atlantic in 2011, David H. Freedman described Gorski as one of the more "prickly anti-alternative-medicine warriors" [43] and said he was "among a small, loud band of alt-med critics." [44]

Gorski contributed to the James Randi Education Foundation's series of EBooks: Science Based Medicine Guides. [45] He is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. [46] He was a speaker at The Amaz!ng Meeting in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013 [47] [48] and has been a participant on several panels on alternative medicine. [49] [50] [51] He called attention to a 2005 paper by John Ioannidis on problems with published research. [52]

Gorski has advocated for open research data of clinical trial results and for using only evidence-based medicine to treat disease. [53] He has been critical of Senator Tom Harkin's support of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), which became the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. [41] He has criticized the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NCCAM for funding and publishing research on unproven therapies not supported by science-based evidence, [54] [55] and has commented on medical ethics and methods of alternative medicine. [56]

Gorski has criticized popularization of pseudoscience by the media and celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey, [57] Bill Maher, [58] Ann Coulter, [59] and The Huffington Post . [60] In June 2013, he expressed support for healthcare professionals speaking out against poor medical practices and the sale of unproven treatments. [61] Gorski was interviewed by WPRR in 2012. [62] He criticized the American Medical Student Association for their co-sponsorship of an Integrative Medicine Day. [63]

In September 2014, Gorski and fellow skeptic Steven Novella published an article in Trends in Molecular Medicine denouncing the study of integrative medicine as harmful to science. [64] [65] The following month Gorski also published an article critical of integrative oncology. [66] Six of his colleagues responded to express concerns with his view on integrative oncology. [67]

Personal life

Gorski is married. [6] [15] His views have gradually shifted from conservative to center-left Democrat. [6]

Publications

Related Research Articles

Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability or evidence of effectiveness. Unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of mainstream medicine and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on testimonials, anecdotes, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are New Age medicine, pseudo-medicine, unorthodox medicine, holistic medicine, fringe medicine, and unconventional medicine, with little distinction from quackery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cancer</span> Group of diseases involving cell growth

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metastasis</span> Spread of a disease inside a body

Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets). It is generally distinguished from cancer invasion, which is the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

The Burzynski Clinic is a clinic selling an unproven cancer treatment, which has been characterized as harmful quackery. It was founded in 1976 and is located in Houston, Texas, in the United States. It offers a form of chemotherapy originally called "antineoplaston therapy" devised by the clinic's founder Stanislaw Burzynski in the 1970s. Antineoplaston is Burzynski's term for a group of urine-derived peptides, peptide derivatives, and mixtures. There is no accepted scientific evidence of benefit from antineoplaston combinations for various diseases, and the Clinic's claimed successes have not been replicated by independent researchers. The therapy has been rebranded in various ways over the years to mirror fashions in medicine, for example as a kind of "immunotherapy". The therapy is administered through the ruse of running a large numbers of clinical trials, which long-time Burzynski lawyer Richard Jaffe has described as "a joke".

Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and used for colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal-cell carcinoma. In many of these diseases it is used as a first-line therapy. For age-related macular degeneration it is given by injection into the eye (intravitreal).

An angiogenesis inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Some angiogenesis inhibitors are endogenous and a normal part of the body's control and others are obtained exogenously through pharmaceutical drugs or diet.

Moses Judah Folkman was an American biologist and pediatric surgeon best known for his research on tumor angiogenesis, the process by which a tumor attracts blood vessels to nourish itself and sustain its existence. He founded the field of angiogenesis research, which has led to the discovery of a number of therapies based on inhibiting or stimulating neovascularization.

Anthroposophic medicine is a form of alternative medicine based on pseudoscientific and occult notions. Devised in the 1920s by Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) in conjunction with Ita Wegman (1876–1943), anthroposophical medicine draws on Steiner's spiritual philosophy, which he called anthroposophy. Practitioners employ a variety of treatment techniques based upon anthroposophic precepts, including massage, exercise, counselling, and administration of substances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alternative cancer treatments</span> Alternative or complementary treatments for cancer that have not demonstrated efficacy

Alternative cancer treatment describes any cancer treatment or practice that is not part of the conventional standard of cancer care. These include special diets and exercises, chemicals, herbs, devices, and manual procedures. Most alternative cancer treatments do not have high-quality evidence supporting their use and many have been described as fundamentally pseudoscientific. Concerns have been raised about the safety of some purported treatments and some have been found unsafe in clinical trials. Despite this, many untested and disproven treatments are used around the world.

Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) or frequency Specific Microcurrent Therapy (FSMT) is the practice of introducing a mild electrical current into an area of damaged soft tissue. Practitioners claim that the introduced current enhances the healing process underway in that same tissue. Critics, such as David Gorski, call proponent's claims of the technique altering body tissue's vibrational amplitude pseudoscience.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Napoleone Ferrara</span> Italian-American molecular biologist

Napoleone Ferrara is an Italian-American molecular biologist who joined University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center in 2013 after a career in Northern California at the biotechnology giant Genentech, where he pioneered the development of new treatments for angiogenic diseases such as cancer, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. At Genentech, he discovered VEGF—and made the first anti-VEGF antibody—which suppresses growth of a variety of tumors. These findings helped lead to development of the first clinically available angiogenesis inhibitor, bevacizumab (Avastin), which prevents the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor and which has become part of standard treatment for a variety of cancers. Ferrara's work led also to the development of ranibizumab (Lucentis), a drug that is highly effective at preventing vision loss in intraocular neovascular disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oncology</span> Branch of medicine dealing with, or specializing in, cancer

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (ónkos), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". Oncology is concerned with:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metastatic breast cancer</span> Type of cancer

Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast cancer; there is no stage after IV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cancer treatment</span> Overview of various treatment possibilities for cancer

Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. Other therapies include hyperthermia, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and stem-cell therapy. Most commonly cancer treatment involves a series of separate therapies such as chemotherapy before surgery. Angiogenesis inhibitors are sometimes used to enhance the effects of immunotherapies.

Gopal Chandra Kundu is an Indian cell and cancer biologist and a Senior Scientist (Scientist-G) at National Centre for Cell Science. He is known for his contributions towards the understanding the mechanism of cancer progression in breast, melanoma and other cancers and development of novel therapeutic targets and target-based therapy in cancers.

Natural News is a far-right, anti-vaccination conspiracy theory and fake news website known for promoting alternative medicine, pseudoscience, disinformation, and far-right extremism. The website began publishing articles in 2008 and is based in the United States.

Dr. Kodaganur S. Gopinath, MS, FAMS, FRCS (Edin) is an Indian surgical oncologist, known for his pioneering work on oncological research. He is a recipient of many awards including Dr. B. C. Roy Award, considered to be the premier medical honour in the country. The President of India recognised his services to the field of oncology, by awarding him the fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri, in 2010.

Lorenzo Cohen is a professor in the Department of General Oncology and Behavioral Science and the director of the Integrative Medicine Program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is also a distinguished clinical professor at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center in Shanghai, China. Cohen is a founding member and past president of the Society for Integrative Oncology.

The host response to cancer therapy is defined as a physiological response of the non-malignant cells of the body to a specific cancer therapy. The response is therapy-specific, occurring independently of cancer type or stage.

Metronomic therapy is a new type of chemotherapy in which anti-cancer drugs are administered in a lower dose than the maximum tolerated dose repetitively over a long period to treat cancers with fewer side effects. Metronomic therapy is shown to affect both tumor microenvironment and tumor cells to achieve its therapeutic effects. Metronomic therapy is also cost-effective as a lower dose is used compared to conventional chemotherapy. The use of metronomic therapy has been extensively investigated and can be advantageous in selected group of patients. Yet, more clinical trials are necessary to generalize the method.

References

  1. ↑ "David Gorski". Wayne State University – School of Medicine – Cancer Biology Program. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "David Gorski M.D., Ph.D." Physician Details. Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University. 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  3. ↑ Szabo, Lisa (18 June 2013). "How to guard against a quack". USA Today . Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  4. ↑ "David H. Gorski, MD, PhD – Managing Editor". Science-Based Medicine. 5 October 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  5. ↑ "Respectful Insolence". RESPECTFUL INSOLENCE. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hongoltz-Hetling, Matthew (2023-02-28). "A Doctor's War Against the Right-Wing Medical-Freedom Movement". The New Republic. ISSN   0028-6583 . Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  7. ↑ "David Gorski". Cancer Biology Program. 2019-10-25. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  8. 1 2 3 "David H. Gorski". Cancer Biology Graduate Program. Wayne State University School of Medicine. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  9. ↑ "David Gorski, M.D." Faculty. Department of Surgery / Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University. 2005. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  10. ↑ "Graduate School-New Brunswick 2005-2007 Programs, Faculty, and Courses Cell and Developmental Biology 148". catalogs.rutgers.edu. 2005. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  11. 1 2 Bepler, Gerold (1 February 2011). "Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center names Dr. David Gorski leader of breast multidisciplinary team". PR Newswire . Retrieved 18 June 2013.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Fisher, Michele (11 June 2007). "New Jersey surgical oncologist receives prestigious award at international conference". University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013. CINJ scientist receives a near half-million dollars for future breast cancer research.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. 1 2 "2007–2008 Grantees" (PDF). Pink Press. The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Winter 2008. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2013-06-26. Alt URL [ permanent dead link ] "2008–2009 Grantees" (PDF). Pink Press. The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Winter 2009. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2013-06-26. Alt URL [ permanent dead link ] "2009–2010 Grantees" (PDF). Pink Press. The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Winter 2010. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2013-06-26. Alt URL [ permanent dead link ]
  14. 1 2 "Meet the provider: David Gorski, M.D." www.waynehealthcares.org. September 29, 2021. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  15. ↑ "Dr. David Gorski appointed Cancer Liaison Physician for Karmanos". Prognosis E-News. Wayne State University School of Medicine. 7 January 2009. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Breast Cancer Program". Barbara Ann Kamanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University. 2013. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  17. ↑ "Karmanos Cancer Center's Dr. David Gorski appointed program co-director of Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative". Karmanos Cancer Institute. July 30, 2013. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
  18. ↑ "David H. Gorski, MD, PhD". ISM Fellows. Institute for Science in Medicine. 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  19. ↑ Gorski, David H.; Beckett, Michael A.; Jaskowiak, Nora T.; Calvin, Douglas P.; et al. (15 July 1999). "Blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor stress response increases the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation". Cancer Research. 59 (14): 3374–3378. PMID   10416597 . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  20. ↑ Related Citations for PubMed (Select 10416597), PubMed, retrieved 28 June 2013
  21. ↑ Kerbel, Robert; Folkman, Judah (October 2002). "Clinical translation of angiogenesis inhibitors". Nature Reviews Cancer . 2 (10): 727–739. doi:10.1038/nrc905. PMID   12360276. S2CID   14513505.
  22. ↑ Dvorak, Harold F. (1 November 2002). "Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Critical Cytokine in Tumor Angiogenesis and a Potential Target for Diagnosis and Therapy". Journal of Clinical Oncology . 20 (21): 4368–4380. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.10.088. PMID   12409337.
  23. ↑ Klement, Giannoula; Baruchel, Sylvain; Rak, Janusz; Man, Shan; et al. (15 April 2000). "Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity". Journal of Clinical Investigation . 105 (8): R15–R24. doi:10.1172/JCI8829. PMC   517491 . PMID   10772661.
  24. ↑ Mauceri, Helena J.; Hanna, Nader N.; Beckett, Michael A.; Gorski, David H.; et al. (16 July 1998). "Combined effects of angiostatin and ionizing radiation in antitumour therapy". Nature . 394 (6690): 287–291. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..287M. doi:10.1038/28412. PMID   9685160. S2CID   4391890.
  25. ↑ Semenza, Gregg L. (1999). "Regulation of Mammalian O2 Homeostasis by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology . 15 (1): 551–578. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.551. PMID   10611972.
  26. ↑ Chen, Yun; Gorski, David H. (1 February 2008). "Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA (miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5". Blood . 111 (3): 1217–1226. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-07-104133. PMC   2214763 .
  27. ↑ Hiltzik, Michael (2015-04-20). "A physicians' attack on Dr. Oz explodes into a new controversy". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  28. ↑ Page, Leigh (12 June 2013), "What to do when a patient wants 'alternative' medicine", Medscape Business of Medicine, retrieved 25 June 2013.
  29. ↑ Munger, Dave (2 September 2009). "Controls for acupuncture studies are improving. Their results are not. How are peer reviewers reacting?". Seed . Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  30. ↑ Salzberg, Steven (15 February 2010), "Battlefield acupuncture: Pseudoscience for wounded troops", Forbes.com , retrieved 25 June 2013.
  31. ↑ Lee, Linda (13 April 2012). "Bridal Hunger Games: Losing Weight in Time for the Wedding". The New York Times . Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  32. ↑ Hansen, Lacy Jaye (7 December 2012), "The GAPS diet claims you can eat away autism. But can you really?", Diets in Review.com, retrieved 25 June 2013.
  33. ↑ Bremner, Doug (19 September 2008). "Blogging doctors rock on!". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  34. ↑ Gorski, David. "Respectful Insolence". ScienceBlogs. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  35. ↑ Quart, Alissa (July 2010). "The Trouble with Experts". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  36. ↑ Brogan, Jacob (2015-12-07). "Depression Is Real. "Hypersensitivity to Wi-Fi" Isn't". Slate. ISSN   1091-2339 . Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  37. ↑ "Who is Orac?". Respectful Insolence. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  38. ↑ Beall, Jeffrey (2018). "Chapter 12: Scientific Soundness and the Problem of Predatory Journals". In Kaufman, Allison B.; Kaufman, James C (eds.). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science. MIT Press. ISBN   978-0262344821.
  39. ↑ Jones, Val (4 June 2009), Kevin Pho (ed.), "Hostility Towards Scientists and Jenny McCarthy's Latest Video", KevinMD.com, MedPage Today, retrieved 25 June 2013.
  40. 1 2 Specter, Michael (2009). Denialism: How Irrational Thinking Harms the Planet and Threatens Our Lives. Penguin Group US. ISBN   978-1-101-15102-0 . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  41. ↑ Gorski, David H. (18 June 2010). "The price of opposing medical pseudoscience". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  42. ↑ Freedman, David H. (May–June 2012). "Doctors who care: Does alternative medicine work?". Utne Reader . Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  43. ↑ Freedman, David H. (2011-06-23). "What's Eating the Small, Loud Band of Alt-Med Critics?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  44. ↑ "JREF publishes three volumes on science-based medicine". James Randi Education Foundation . Retrieved 28 June 2013.
    "JREF publishes three more science-based medicine volumes". James Randi Education Foundation. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
    "Science-based medicine Ebooks, volumes 7-12 now available". James Randi Education Foundation. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  45. ↑ "CSI Fellows and Staff". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  46. ↑ "The Amaz!ing Meeting 2013: Schedule". The Amza!ing Meeting website. James Randi Education Foundation. 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  47. ↑ Novella, Steven (6 March 2009). "Science-Based Medicine Conference". Neurologica blog. New England Skeptical Society . Retrieved 24 June 2013.
    Wagg, Jeffrey (2010). "The Amaz!ng Meeting 8, 2010 Schedule". James Randi Educational Foundation . Retrieved 24 June 2013.
    "Expert panel trashes "alternative medicine" concept". Consumer Health Digest (12–29). The National Council Against Health Fraud. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
    "The Amaz!ing Meeting 2012: Program". The Amaz!ng Meeting website. James Randi Education Foundation. 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  48. ↑ "Drs. Ben Goldacre, David Gorski and Michael Shermer on the threat of pseudoscience". McGill University Faculty of Science . 18 October 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  49. ↑ "David Gorski — NECSS". Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism website (NECSS). New England Skeptical Society and NYC Skeptics. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  50. ↑ "Speakers". CSICon 2012 website. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  51. ↑ Roach, Mary; Folger, Tim (2011). The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 123–124. ISBN   978-0-547-67846-7 . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  52. ↑ Miller, Naseem (16 March 2011) [14 May 2010], "Most drug trial results analyzed by FDA hidden from view", Accountability, The Center for Public Integrity , retrieved 26 June 2013.
  53. ↑ Greek, Ray; Menache, Andre (2013). "Systematic reviews of animal models: Methodology versus epistemology". International Journal of Medical Sciences . 10 (3): 206–221. doi:10.7150/ijms.5529. PMC   3558708 . PMID   23372426.
  54. ↑ Husten, Larry (1 April 2013), "The Raging Debate Over The NIH's TACT Chelation Trial", Forbes.com, retrieved 26 June 2013.
    Berezow, Alex B.; Campbell, Hank (2012). Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left . PublicAffairs. ISBN   978-1-61039-165-8 . Retrieved 2013-06-21.
    Kay, Alison J. (2012). What If There's Nothing Wrong?. Balboa Press. p. 283. ISBN   978-1-4525-6147-9 . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  55. ↑ Khorana, Alok (16 September 2009), "Alternative medicine and trials of dubious ethicality", OncNotes, Medscape , retrieved 25 June 2013.
    Schneider, Lee (30 September 2009), "Snake oil medicine", The Huffington Post , retrieved 27 June 2013.
    Keller, Daniel M. (15 February 2012), "Integrative Medicine Use Up, but Outcomes Still Uncertain", Medscape Medical News, retrieved 25 June 2013.
  56. ↑ Shomon, Mary (2 June 2009), "Media and bloggers accuse Oprah of medical malpractice", About.com: Thyroid Disease, archived from the original on 12 April 2014, retrieved 25 June 2013.
    Gorski, David (7 June 2009). "Is Oprah Winfrey giving us bad medicine?". Toronto Star . Retrieved 21 June 2013.
    Amarasingam, Amarnath (25 May 2011). "Oprah: High priestess of the New Age". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  57. ↑ Fahey, Jonathan; Whelan, David (14 January 2010), "In Pictures: Celebs Who Take On Science", Forbes.com , p. 8 (Bill Maher), retrieved 26 June 2013.
  58. ↑ Miller, Henry I. (21 December 2011), "Can tiny amounts of poison actually be good for you?", Forbes.com, archived from the original on January 3, 2012, retrieved 27 June 2013.
  59. ↑ Whelan, David (9 February 2011), "AOL-Huffington on health: Does Tim Armstrong think vaccines cause Autism?", Forbes.com, retrieved 26 June 2013.
  60. ↑ Pho, Kevin (15 October 2009), "Two nurses face jail time for reporting a doctor to the Texas Medical Board", KevinMD.com, MedPage Today, retrieved 25 June 2013.
  61. ↑ Brayton, Ed (host) (14 August 2012). "Dr. David Gorski and Mike Farrell". Culture Wars Radio (podcast). WPRR, Public Reality Radio. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  62. ↑ Gorski, David (2012-10-22). "The American Medical Student Association: On "integrating" quackery with science-based medicine". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
  63. ↑ Gorski, David H.; Novella, Steven P. (Sep 2014). "Clinical trials of integrative medicine: testing whether magic works?". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 20 (9): 473–6. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.06.007. PMID   25150944.
  64. ↑ Mudur, GS (20 August 2014). "US doctors spark homeopathy row". The Telegraph . Archived from the original on August 23, 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  65. ↑ Gorski, David H. (October 2014). "Integrative oncology: really the best of both worlds?". Nature Reviews Cancer. 14 (10): 692–700. doi:10.1038/nrc3822. ISSN   1474-1768. PMID   25230880. S2CID   33539406.
  66. ↑ Greenlee, Heather; Zick, Suzanna M.; Rosenthal, David; Cohen, Lorenzo; Cassileth, Barrie; Tripathy, Debu (March 2015). "Integrative oncology — strong science is needed for better patient care". Nature Reviews Cancer. 15 (3): 165. doi: 10.1038/nrc3822-c1 . ISSN   1474-1768. PMID   25693833. S2CID   8053861.
  67. ↑ Bigliardi, Stefano (2019). "The Advocates of Pseudoscience Are Not Monsters – but Pseudoscience Is". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6). Center for Inquiry: 58–59.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.