David John Garland

Last updated

Canon David John Garland Canon David John Garland.tiff
Canon David John Garland

David John Garland (1864–1939) was an Anglican clergyman and a military chaplain in Queensland, Australia. As senior army camp chaplain in Queensland from 1914 to 1917, Garland experienced the World War I both at home and at the front. He was one of the originators of the now annual Anzac Day ceremonies. Described as "overpoweringly energetic with a distinctive flair, if not genius, for organisation", he played a pivotal role in the Queensland experience of the war, and was a central figure in a variety of committees and organisations established to aid the war effort and support or commemorate serving or returned soldiers. [1] [2]

Contents

Early life

Canon David John Garland, as a young man Canon David John Garland, as a young man.tiff
Canon David John Garland, as a young man

David John Garland was born in Dublin on 4 October 1864, the son of James Garland and his wife Mary Ann (née Saunders). [3] He studied law and immigrated with his parents to New South Wales. [4]

Garland came to Brisbane in 1886. He worked in Toowoomba as a law clerk, where he was influenced by Reverend Tommy Jones at St James’ in Toowoomba and converted from his Irish Protestant faith to Anglo-Catholicism. [5] He became a lay reader at St James. [6]

Garland entered the Church of England ministry in 1889. He served as a deacon in Grafton, Quirindi and Narrandera in New South Wales. In 1892 he was sent to Perth, Western Australia, where he was ordained as a missionary priest by Bishop of Perth Henry Parry. [6] In 1892 he married a widow, Mary Hawkins, née Hadfield, and they had one son, David James Garland. From 1900 to 1902, he was canon of Perth. [4] Garland was a crusader for religious education in schools and devoted much energy to the Bible in State Schools League. [7] During the Boer War, he was chaplain to the soldiers assembling at Fremantle before heading overseas. [8] His last posting in Western Australia was at St John's in Northam, a congregation of whom he said "I never met a more docile and reverent congregation". [9]

In March 1902, he left Western Australia for St James's Church in Sydney to be a temporary replacement for Rev. Carr Smith who was travelling to Europe, [10] but the move may also have been motivated by a fallout with his bishop in Western Australia. [5] In Sydney he spoke out against the proposed federal Divorce Bill, arguing that making divorce easier would weaken marriage ties. [11]

In December 1902 Garland was appointed rector of St Paul's in Charters Towers, [12] a canon of St James Cathedral, Townsville, Queensland and was appointed archdeacon of North Queensland in 1903. [2] He continued his work in advocating bibles for state schools in Queensland. [2] From 1907 to 1912, Garland was rector at Holy Trinity Anglican Church at Woolloongabba in Brisbane. [13]

In August 1912, Garland moved to New Zealand to lead the Bibles in Schools movement in that country. [14]

World War I

Canon David John Garland, in uniform Canon David John Garland - in uniform.tiff
Canon David John Garland, in uniform

At the outbreak of war Garland was in Brisbane, and served as chaplain to soldiers in training camps, as they prepared for active service overseas. He also organised the provision of Bibles and prayer books to Queensland soldiers at the front. [2] As a Senior Army Chaplain, Garland worked tirelessly in the training camps in and around Brisbane and further afield. [15]

In 1915 he founded the Soldiers Help Society. He also travelled Queensland as honorary organising secretary of the Queensland Recruiting Committee, preaching to encourage greater enlistment. [2] He was an ardent supporter of conscription, co-founded the Compulsory Service League, served on the Executive of the National Council for the Referendum and founder of the Universal Service League. [15]

Garland is perhaps most remembered as an architect and originator of Anzac Day ceremonies. [2] In Queensland on 10 January 1916, Garland was appointed the honorary secretary of the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee of Queensland (ADCCQ) at a public meeting which endorsed 25 April as the date promoted as “Anzac Day” in 1916 and ever after. Devoted to the cause of a non-denominational commemoration that could be attended by the whole of Australian society, Garland worked amicably across all denominational divides, creating the framework for Anzac Day commemorative services. [16] Garland is specifically credited with initiating the Anzac Day march, the wreath-laying ceremonies at memorials and the special church services, the two minutes silence, and the luncheon for returned soldiers. [17] Garland intended the silence to be used in lieu of a prayer to allow the Anzac Day service to be universally attended, allowing attendees to make a silent prayer or remembrance in accordance with their own beliefs. He particularly feared that the universality of the ceremony would fall victim to religious sectarian disputes. [18]

Through this period, Garland was an active correspondent with his fellow priest and army chaplain William Maitland Woods. Garland's letters detailed his everyday duties as archdeacon and later canon in the Anglican Church. He detailed his involvement in the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee, and the establishment of Anzac Day in Queensland. He also wrote of his efforts in recruiting with varying degrees of optimism or despondency, depending on how the conscription debate was leaning. Both men exchanged news of their families, in particular their sons, who were on active service. [15]

The wartime letters cease in August 1917, with Garland's news that he would be joining Woods in the Middle East, having been appointed representative of the Church of England in Australia to inquire into the "moral and social" needs of the Australian men in Egypt. With a large sum of money at his disposal, Garland had been placed in charge of the Church of England Fund for Soldiers at the Front. [15] Garland travelled to Egypt and served 1918–19 in the Middle East where he founded eight clubs for Australian troops, and was the first chaplain to celebrate the Eucharist in the Anglican chapel of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre following the expulsion of the Turks from Jerusalem. In addition he raised funds for memorials and hospitals, and for soldiers’ hostels and care of soldiers’ graves at home and abroad. [2]

Later life

Stone of Remembrance and Cross of Sacrifice in Toowong Cemetery, 2015 Toowong Cemetery - War Memorial from South-East (2015).jpg
Stone of Remembrance and Cross of Sacrifice in Toowong Cemetery, 2015

Upon his return to Queensland in 1920, Garland became rector of Ithaca and continued a diverse and illustrious career of community involvement, including presidency of the New Settlers’ League from 1926. [15] He was awarded an O.B.E. in 1934. [2]

From 1920 until 1930, Garland conducted Anzac Day ceremonies in Toowong Cemetery. In 1924, through his fund-raising efforts, a Cross of Sacrifice and Stone of Remembrance were placed in the cemetery. On Remembrance Day 1930, ANZAC Square in the Brisbane CBD was officially opened and the services at Toowong Cemetery were transferred to ANZAC Square. [19]

Garland died on 9 October 1939 and was buried on 10 October 1939 in Toowong Cemetery. [2] [20]

Legacy

The Canon Garland Memorial Society was established on 9 July 2013 at the Holy Trinity Anglican Church at Woolloongabba, Brisbane. The society seeks to honour David Garland's role during the Australian centenary commemorations of World War I. [21]

In November 2015, the Brisbane City Council officially opened a lawn garden called Canon Garland Place at Toowong Cemetery with a commemorative information board. Canon Garland Place is located where he held his Anzac Day services in the cemetery and behind The Cross of Sacrifice and Stone of Remembrance that were funded through Garland's fundraising activities. [19]

Canon Garland memorial, Kangaroo Point cliffs, 2016 Canon Garland memorial, Kangaroo Point cliffs, 2016.jpg
Canon Garland memorial, Kangaroo Point cliffs, 2016

In April 2016, a memorial to Garland was unveiled at the Kangaroo Point Cliffs in Brisbane. [22] The bronze wreath was sculpted by Rhyl Hinwood. [23]

The State Library of Queensland holds various collections of Garland's papers. In 2015, the State Library digitised his First World War letters. [24] This collection consists of letters received by Garland from Australian army soldiers, nurses and chaplains serving abroad during World War I, as well as carbon copies of his replies. Also included are letters from his colleague The Reverend William Maitland Woods regarding the discovery, evacuation and transportation to Australia of the Shellal Mosaic. Transcriptions of the digitised letters are also available. Some of Garland's letters are also part of the OM74-101 Maitland Woods Papers 1915–1916. [2] [25]

As a result of a citizens e-petition, [26] on 9 October 2019 (the 80th anniversary of the death of Garland), the overpass across the Western Freeway adjacent to the Toowong Cemetery (formerly known as the Toowong Bicycle and Pedestrian Overpass) was renamed the Canon Garland Overpass. [27]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anzac Day</span> National day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand on 25 April

Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia, New Zealand and Tonga that broadly commemorates all Australians and New Zealanders "who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served". Observed on 25 April each year, Anzac Day was originally devised to honour the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in the Gallipoli campaign, their first engagement in the First World War (1914–1918).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toowong</span> Suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Toowong is a riverside suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Toowong had a population of 12,556 people with a median weekly household income of $1,927.

The history of Queensland encompasses both a long Aboriginal Australian presence as well as the more recent periods of European colonisation and as a state of Australia. Before being charted and claimed for the Kingdom of Great Britain by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the coast of north-eastern Australia was explored by Dutch and French navigators. Queensland separated from the Colony of New South Wales as a self-governing Crown colony in 1859. In 1901 it became one of the six founding states of Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Library of Queensland</span> Main research and reference library in Queensland

The State Library of Queensland is the main reference and research library provided to the people of the State of Queensland, Australia, by the state government. The Library is governed by the Library Board of Queensland, which draws its powers from the Libraries Act 1988. It contains a significant portion of Queensland's documentary heritage, major reference and research collections, and is an advocate of and partner with public libraries across Queensland. The Library is at Kurilpa Point, within the Queensland Cultural Centre on the Brisbane River at South Bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ANZAC Square, Brisbane</span> Heritage-listed war memorial in Brisbane, Queensland

ANZAC Square is a heritage-listed town square and war memorial located between Ann Street and Adelaide Street, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is a state memorial to the men and women who participated in overseas armed service and is named in honour of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. ANZAC Square is adjacent to ANZAC Square Arcade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Freeway, Brisbane</span> Freeway in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

The Western Freeway is a 5-kilometre-long (3.1 mi) freeway in western Brisbane that runs from Milton Road in Toowong to the western side of Indooroopilly where the freeway becomes the M5 Centenary Motorway. The freeway bears the symbol and forms part of Metroad 5. There is one interchange, at Indooroopilly onto Moggill Road. A bicycle path runs the length of the freeway, allowing commuting to Toowong and onto Brisbane by bicycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toowong Cemetery</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

Toowong Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery on the corner of Frederick Street and Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1866 and formally opened in 1875. It is Queensland's largest cemetery and is located on forty-four hectares of land at the corner of Frederick Street and Mount Coot-tha Road approximately four and a half kilometres west of Brisbane. It was previously known as Brisbane General Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 December 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beerburrum, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Beerburrum is a rural town and coastal locality in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Beerburrum had a population of 941 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Lang Petrie</span> Australian politician

Andrew Lang Petrie was a builder, stonemason and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Frodsham</span> Minister of religion

George Horsfall Frodsham (1863–1937) was an English-born Anglican priest. From 1902 to 1913 he was the Bishop of North Queensland in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Maitland Woods</span>

William Maitland Woods was an Anglican clergyman and a military chaplain in Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Rutledge</span> Australian politician

Sir Arthur Rutledge was a lawyer and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Glennie</span>

The Reverend Benjamin Glennie was a pioneer Anglican clergyman in the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caskey Monument</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

Caskey Monument is a heritage-listed memorial at the Toowong Cemetery, 124 Birdwood Terrace, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed and built by William Busby in 1902. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toowong Memorial Park</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

Toowong Memorial Park is a heritage-listed memorial and park at 65 Sylvan Road, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Rae and built c. 1922 by Andrew Lang Petrie Monumental Works. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 September 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berry and MacFarlane Monument</span> Memorial in Sherwood, Queensland, Australia

Berry & MacFarlane Monument is a heritage-listed memorial at Sherwood Road, Sherwood, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1902. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anning Monument</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

Anning Monument is a heritage-listed memorial at the corner of Hemmant and Tingalpa Road and Boonoo Street, Hemmant, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed and built by William Busby in 1903. It is also known as Hemmant Boer War Memorial. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Coyne</span> Australian politician

John Henry Coyne was an Australian politician who served as a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Warrego from 1908 until 1923.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anzac Day in Queensland</span>

Anzac Day is a day of remembrance in Queensland, Australia. It is a public holiday held on 25 April each year. The date is significant as the Australian and New Zealand troops first landed at Gallipoli in World War I on 25 April 1915.

References

  1. ↑ Mansfield, Wendy M. "Garland, David John (1864–1939)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hamilton, Robyn (14 October 2015). "Digitised@SLQ: Letters of army chaplain David John Garland". SLQ blogs. State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  3. ↑ Ancestry User: csibbing. "David John Garland 1864–1939". Ancestry.com . Retrieved 17 February 2016.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  4. 1 2 Unidentified, Canon David John Garland, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland, retrieved 17 February 2016
  5. 1 2 Moore, Claire (19 April 2016). "ADJOURNMENT Garland, Canon David John, OBE". Open Australia. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  6. 1 2 "Induction of Canon Garland". The Evening Telegraph . Vol. 2, no. 549. Queensland, Australia. 18 December 1902. p. 2. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  7. ↑ Canon David John Garland: 'the architect of Anzac Day'. Information board in Toowong Cemetery: Brisbane City Council. 2015.
  8. ↑ "The 'Architect of ANZAC Day'". The Canon Garland Memorial Society. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  9. ↑ "Farewell to Canon Garland". The Northam Advertiser . Vol. IX, no. 734. Western Australia. 12 March 1902. p. 3. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  10. ↑ "Local and General News". The Northam Advertiser . Vol. IX, no. 728. Western Australia. 19 February 1902. p. 2. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "BREVITIES". Evening News . No. 10, 949. New South Wales, Australia. 15 July 1902. p. 6. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  12. ↑ "PERSONAL". The Brisbane Courier . Vol. LIX, no. 13, 999. Queensland, Australia. 24 November 1902. p. 5. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  13. ↑ "Holy Trinity Church". Canon Garland Memorial Society. 6 October 1930. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "Canon Garland Leaving for New Zealand". The Brisbane Courier . No. 16, 982. Queensland, Australia. 17 June 1912. p. 6. Retrieved 20 June 2016– via National Library of Australia.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Hamilton, Robyn (8 May 2014). "The Reverend William Maitland Woods – Army Chaplain A.I.F." SLQ blogs. State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  16. ↑ "The "Architect" of Anzac Day". Canon Garland Memorial Society. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  17. ↑ Mansfield, Wendy M. "David John Garland (1864–1939)". Garland, David John (1864–1939). Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  18. ↑ perkinsy. "The Anzac Day Silence, Religion and Garland". Stumbling Through the Past. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  19. 1 2 "Council continues to honour ANZAC heroes ahead of Remembrance Day". Graham Quirk, Lord Mayor of Brisbane . Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  20. ↑ "Deceased info". Brisbane City Council . Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  21. ↑ "About Us". The Canon Garland Memorial Society. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  22. ↑ "Memorial unveiled for Brisbane's 'architect of Anzac Day'". ABC News. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  23. ↑ de Jersey, Paul (22 April 2016). "Official Unveiling, Dedication and Handover Ceremony for the "Canon Garland Memorial – ANZAC Day Origins"". Government House, Brisbane . Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  24. ↑ Canon David John Garland Papers, 1915-1918; 1934, 1915, retrieved 17 February 2016
  25. ↑ Woods, Maitland (1915), Maitland Woods Papers, 1915-1916 , retrieved 17 February 2016
  26. ↑ "E-Petition Details". Queensland Parliament . 16 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  27. ↑ Collins, Peter. "Canon Garland Overpass won!". Canon Garland Memorial Society. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.

Attribution

CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Digitised@SLQ: Letters of army chaplain David John Garland (14 October 2015) by Robyn Hamilton published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 17 February 2016.

CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from The Reverend William Maitland Woods – Army Chaplain A.I.F. (8 May 2014) by Robyn Hamilton published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 17 February 2016.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.