De Havilland Hercules

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DH.66 Hercules
De Havilland Hercules.jpg
RoleAirliner
National originUnited Kingdom
Manufacturer de Havilland Aircraft Company
First flight30 September 1926
Introduction1926
Retired1942
Primary users Imperial Airways
West Australian Airways
South African Air Force
Number built11

The de Havilland DH.66 Hercules was a British 1920s seven-passenger, trimotor airliner built by de Havilland Aircraft Company. With the Hercules, Imperial Airways took over responsibility for the airmail service from the Royal Air Force, which had been operating the obsolete Airco DH.10 Amiens.

Contents

The Hercules effectively provided long-distance service to far-flung regions for Imperial Airways. Although slow, they pointed the way for future airliners. [1]

Design and development

The Hercules was designed for Imperial Airways when it took over the Cairo–Baghdad air route from the Royal Air Force. The Hercules was a three-engine two-bay biplane with room for seven passengers and the ability to carry mail. Using three engines reduced the risk of forced landings over remote desert areas. To reduce the risk of deterioration in tropical areas the fuselage was a tube steel frame, with the cabin and rear baggage compartment of plywood mounted inside it. [2] The two pilots were in an open cockpit above the nose while the cabin had room for a wireless operator and seven passengers. [2]

With a contract for five years to run the Cairo to Baghdad air mail service, and a requirement to start a service between Cairo and Karachi, Imperial Airways ordered five aircraft. In June 1926, while the prototype was still being built, the type name Hercules was chosen in a competition in the Meccano Magazine . The prototype first flew on 30 September 1926 at Stag Lane Aerodrome. [2]

Four were built in 1929 for West Australian Airways with modifications to meet Australian requirements including an enclosed cockpit and seating for 14 passengers while retained space for mail and baggage. [2]

Two additional aircraft were built for Imperial Airways in 1929 with the enclosed cockpit, which were retro-fitted to the earlier aircraft. [2]

Operational history

Imperial Airways DH.66 Hercules City of Delhi De Havilland Hercules-a.jpg
Imperial Airways DH.66 Hercules City of Delhi
Imperial Airways

Following a period of crew training the prototype left the United Kingdom for Cairo on 18 December 1926 to be based at Heliopolis. The second aircraft left Croydon for Cairo on 27 December 1926, carrying the Secretary of State for Air Samuel Hoare. It flew on to India and arrived in Delhi on 8 January 1927. The prototype, later to be named the City of Cairo by King Fuad, operated the first commercial service between Basra and Cairo on 7 January 1927. The service to Karachi did not start until two years later after permission was granted from the Persian Government. [2]

With the start of the service between Cairo and Delhi in 1929 a sixth Hercules, the City of Basra entered service. [2] With the fatal loss of the City of Jerusalem in September 1929 a seventh new aircraft was ordered and delivered in January 1930. With the aircraft now out of production when the City of Tehran forced-landed and was destroyed, Imperial Airways bought an aircraft from West Australian Airways to replace it. [2]

In 1931 two experimental air mail services between Croydon, England and Melbourne, Australia were attempted. The City of Cairo was to fly the mail from Karachi to Australia but ran out of fuel and forced landed at Koepang on 19 April 1931. [lower-alpha 1] West Australian Airways was approached again and another aircraft was sold to Imperial Airways. On the delivery flight to Karachi it carried the first through Australia to England mail. [2]

In December 1931 the former West Australian Airways, City of Cape Town operated a survey flight to Cape Town pending the extension of the Empire Air Route to South Africa. The City of Cape Town was briefly used in South Africa from October 1932 until 1933 by Sir Alan Cobham for his itinerant air pageant. The City of Jodhpur was used in an aerial ant-locust campaign in Rhodesia in 1934 and the following year it crashed into a swamp near Lake Salisbury in Uganda and was destroyed. Imperial withdrew the Hercules from service between 1934 and 1935; three were sold to the South African Air Force. [2]

South Africa Air Force

The South African Air Force bought three Hercules from Imperial Airways in 1935. [lower-alpha 2] . At the start of the Second World War they were used as military transport aircraft supporting South African forces around Africa. One was broken up for spares in 1939 and the other two were withdrawn from service and scrapped in 1943. [2]

Stephens Aviation

Two former West Australian Airways aircraft, the City of Perth and the City of Adelaide were operated on the ferry service in New Guinea between Lae and Wau from 1936. The City of Perth crashed in February 1941 and the City of Adelaide was destroyed by enemy action in 1942. [2]

West Australian Airways

West Australian Airways ordered four Hercules aircraft for a new passenger and mail service between Perth and Adelaide. Following acceptance testing in England the four aircraft were shipped to Perth, Australia and re-assembled. The first eastbound service was flown by two aircraft, the City of Adelaide and the City of Perth. They arrived in Perth on 29 May 1929 after flying the 1450 miles in 14 hours. Two aircraft were later sold to Imperial Airways and the remaining two were sold to Stephens Aviation when the airline was taken over by Australian National Airways. [2]

Operators

WestAustralian Airways DH.66 Hercules West Australian Airways 5.jpg
WestAustralian Airways DH.66 Hercules
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg  South Africa
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Accidents and incidents

Specifications (DH.66A)

De Havilland DH.66 3 view drawing from NACA Aircraft Circular No.10 De Havilland DH.66 3 view NACA Aircraft Circular No.10.png
De Havilland DH.66 3 view drawing from NACA Aircraft Circular No.10

Data fromde Havilland aircraft since 1909. [2]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Airways</span> Defunct British long-range airline (1924-39)

Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long-range airline, operating from 1924 to 1939 and principally serving the British Empire routes to South Africa, India, Australia and the Far East, including Malaya and Hong Kong. Passengers were typically businessmen or colonial administrators, and most flights carried about 20 passengers or less. Accidents were frequent: in the first six years, 32 people died in seven incidents. Imperial Airways never achieved the levels of technological innovation of its competitors and was merged into the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in 1939. BOAC in turn merged with the British European Airways (BEA) in 1974 to form British Airways.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1934:

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Airways</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash</span>

On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.

References

Notes

  1. The mail was later collected and delivered to Darwin, Australia by Charles Kingsford Smith in the Southern Cross
  2. For £775 each

Citations

  1. "Western Australian Aviation History". Archived from the original on 20 July 2008.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Jackson, A.J.; Jackson, R.T. (1988). de Havilland aircraft since 1909 (Rev. and updated ed.). Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 269–274. ISBN   0870218964.
  3. Unknown (3 April 1936). "Hercules Airliner for New Guinea". The Courier Mail, Brisbane. No. 810. p. 24.
  4. Accident descriptionfor G-EBMZ at the Aviation Safety Network . Retrieved on 18 January 2013.
  5. Accident descriptionfor G-EBNA at the Aviation Safety Network . Retrieved on 21 December 2017.

Bibliography