In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), tryptophan decarboxylase, and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, is a lyase enzyme, located in region 7p12.2-p12.1.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase is an enzyme (EC 4.1.3.4 that in human is encoded by the HMGCL gene located on chromosome 1. It is a key enzyme in ketogenesis. It is a ketogenic enzyme in the liver that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetate from HMG-CoA within the mitochondria. It also plays a prominent role in the catabolism of the amino acid leucine.
Emetine is a drug used as both an anti-protozoal and to induce vomiting. It is produced from the ipecac root. It takes its name from its emetic properties.
In enzymology, a secologanin synthase (EC 1.14.19.62, was wrongly classified as EC 1.3.3.9 in the past) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme deacetylipecoside synthase (EC 4.3.3.4) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid.:
Strictosidine synthase (EC 4.3.3.2) is an enzyme in alkaloid biosynthesis that catalyses the condensation of tryptamine with secologanin to form strictosidine in a formal Pictet–Spengler reaction:
The enzyme aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme threonine aldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme tryptophanase (EC 4.1.99.1) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
The enzyme carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme hyaluronate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme (S)-norcoclaurine synthase (EC 4.2.1.78) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme threonine synthase (EC 4.2.3.1) catalyzes the chemical reaction
ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA, the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism, which yields citrate as an intermediate, with fatty acid biosynthesis, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA precursors of thousands of specialized metabolites, including waxes, sterols, and polyketides.
DBH-like monooxygenase protein 1, also known as monooxygenase X, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOXD1 gene.
Secologanin is a secoiridoid monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Secologanin then proceeds with dopamine or tryptamine to form ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids, respectively.
Hydroperoxide lyases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C bonds in the hydroperoxides of fatty acids. They belong to the cytochrome P450 enzyme family.
