Dendroceratida

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Dendroceratida
Chelonaplysilla violacea.jpg
Chelonaplysilla violacea off Réunion
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Demospongiae
Subclass:
Keratosa
Order:
Dendroceratida

Minchin, 1900
Families

In taxonomy, the Dendroceratida are an order of sponges of the class Demospongiae. [1] They are typically found in shallow coastal and tidal areas of most coasts around the world. They are generally characterized by concentric layers of fibers containing spongin (a collagen-like material), and by large flagellated chambers that open directly into the exhalant canals. Along with the Dictyoceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic spongin-containing fibers is present instead. [2]

Taxonomy (biology) The science of identifying, describing, defining and naming groups of biological organisms

In biology, taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.

Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. It is secreted by sponge cells known as spongocytes.

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids wound together to form triple-helices of elongated fibrils. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin.

Related Research Articles

Sponge Animals of the phylum Porifera

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. The branch of zoology that studies sponges is known as spongiology.

Demosponge A class of sponges in the phylum Porifera with spongin or silica spicules

Demospongiae is the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges.

Grantia is a genus of calcareous sponges belonging to the family Grantiidae. Species of the genus Grantia contain spicules and spongin fibers.

Halichondriidae family of sponges

Halichondriidae is a family of marine demosponges belonging to the order Suberitida. These sponges have a skeleton consisting of dense bundles of spicules occurring in a more or less random pattern.

Homoscleromorpha class of sponges

Homoscleromorpha is a class of marine sponges composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae.

Homaxinella balfourensis is a species of marine demosponge in the family Suberitidae. It is found in the seas around Antarctica and can grow in two forms, either branching out in one plane like a fan or forming an upright club-like structure.

<i>Agelas</i> genus of sponges

Agelas is a genus of sea sponge in the class Demospongiae.

Agelas schmidti, commonly known as the brown tubular sponge, is a species of demosponge. It occurs at moderate depths in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea and often has a colonial coral growing over the surface. The type locality is Puerto Rico.

Oscarella carmela, commonly known as the slime sponge, is a species of sponge in the order Homosclerophorida that was first described in 2004 by G. Muricy and J.S. Pearse. It is believed to be native to intertidal waters in the north east temperate Pacific Ocean and was first found in seawater aquaria in that region. It is used as a model organism in evolutionary biology.

Dictyoceratida Order of sponges

Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic fibers containing spongin, a collagen-like material, is present instead.

Dysidea arenaria is a species of marine sponge (poriferan) found in the Pacific Ocean. It is a member of the order Dictyoceratida, one of two sponge orders that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges in which a mineral skeleton is absent and a skeleton of organic fibers is present instead.

Cladorhiza inversa is a species of sponge in the taxonomic class Demospongiae. The body of the sponge consists of a spicule and fibers and is water absorbent.

Cladorhiza segonzaci is a species of sponge in the taxonomic class Demospongiae. The body of the sponge consists of a spicule and fibers and is water absorbent.

Verongimorpha subclass of sponges

Verongimorpha is the name of a subclass of demosponges within the phylum Porifera. It was first authenticated and described by Erpenbeck et al. in 2012.

Thorectidae family of sponges

Thorectidae is a family of poriferans in the order Dictyoceratida.

Agelasida order of sponges

Agelasida is an order of sea sponges in the class Demospongiae.

Keratosa Subclass of sponges

Keratosa, the keratose sponges or horny sponges, is a subclass of demosponges.

Citronia is a genus of demosponges in the family Dysideidae. It consists of one species, Citronia vasiformis.

Agelas dispar is a species of demosponge in the family Agelasidae. It lives on shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean Sea and around the West Indies.

References

  1. ↑ Hooper, JNA; van Soest RWM (2002). "Ordo Dendroceratida Minchin, 1900". Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Volume 1. Introductions and Demospongiae. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ISBN   978-0-306-47260-2.
  2. ↑ Erpenbeck, D; Sutcliffe, P; Cook Sde, C; Dietzel, A; Maldonado, M; van Soest, RW; Hooper, JN; Wörheide, G (June 2012). "Horny sponges and their affairs: on the phylogenetic relationships of keratose sponges". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 63 (3): 809–16. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024. PMID   22406528.


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