Pruinescence, or pruinosity, is a "frosted" or dusty-looking coating on top of a surface. It may also be called a pruina, from the Latin word for hoarfrost. The adjectival form is pruinose.
The Verrucariaceae are a family of mostly lichenised fungi in the order Verrucariales. The lichen-forming species, which comprise the vast majority of the family, have a wide variety of thallus forms, and include crustose (crust-like), foliose (bushy), and squamulose (scaly) representatives. Several characteristics of the spore-bearing structures, the ascomata, define the family, including their perithecioid form–more or less spherical or flask-shaped, with a single opening and otherwise completely enclosed by a wall. Squamulose members of the Verrucariaceae with simple ascospores, and without algae in the spore-bearing region are known as catapyrenioid lichens; there are more than 80 of these species. The family has several dozen lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) examples, and a few genera that contain solely lichenicolous members. An unusually diverse variety of photobiont partners have been recorded, mostly green algae, but also brown algae and yellow-green algae.
Ferdinand Christian Gustav Arnold was a German lichenologist and taxonomist born in Ansbach, Bavaria. Even as a high school student he showed an active interest in botany: "Ich und August Gattinger ... durchstreiften von November 1846 bis zum Spätherbst 1847, Pflanzen sammelnd, die Landschaft von München nach allen Richtungen.".
Dermatocarpon is a genus of lichens in the family Verrucariaceae.
Neocatapyrenium is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed by Hiroshi Harada in 1993, with Neocatapyrenium cladonioideum assigned as the type species.
Scleropyrenium is a genus of squamulose (scaly) lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed in 1993 by Japanese lichenologist Hiroshi Harada, with S. japonicum as the type species. Characteristics of the genus include a dark brown to almost black exciple, pycnidia of the Staurothele-type, and a pachydermatous upper cortex.
Adolf Hugo Magnusson was a Swedish naturalist who specialized in lichenology. He was a school teacher in Gothenburg from 1909 to 1948, but spent his spare time on the study of lichens. He described about 900 new taxa, specializing in the genera Lecidea, Lecanora, Caloplaca, and Acarospora.
Dermatocarpon luridum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae.
Maurice Gustave Benoît Choisy was a French mycologist and lichenologist. He was a member of the Botanical Society of France, the Mycological Society of France, and the Linnean Society of Lyon. He was president of the botanical section of the latter society from 1949 to 1950.
Placidium arboreum, commonly known as the tree stipplescale, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It has a primarily North American distribution, with a range extending from eastern Canada south to Mexico, although it has also been reported from the West Indies and from Argentina.
Dermatocarpon atrogranulosum, commonly known as the charred stippleback, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is found in a few locations in British Columbia, Canada, where it grows on limestone outcrops. It was formally described as a new species in 2003 by Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss. It is one of 24 Dermatocarpon species known to occur in northern North America.
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae.
Dermatocarpon deminuens is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae.
Hannes Hertel is a German botanist and taxonomist and was Director of the State Herbarium in Munich, Germany 1992 - 2004. His specialist areas are the fungi and lichens.
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae.
Dermatocarpon tomentulosum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae. A rare species, it is known only to a few localities in North America—Missouri and Texas in the United States, and Cat Island and New Providence in the Bahamas.
Dermatocarpon moulinsii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is distinguished from other members of Dermatocarpon by the presence of rhizines on its underside. In North America, it occurs as mainly a western montane species.
