In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO−. This zwitterionic metabolite can be found in marine phytoplankton, seaweeds, and some species of terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants. It functions as an osmolyte as well as several other physiological and environmental roles have also been identified. DMSP was first identified in the marine red alga Polysiphonia fastigiata.
Cystathionine-β-synthase, also known as CBS, is an enzyme (EC 4.2.1.22) that in humans is encoded by the CBS gene. It catalyzes the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine:
The enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1, CTH or CSE; also cystathionase; systematic name L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)) breaks down cystathionine into cysteine, 2-oxobutanoate (α-ketobutyrate), and ammonia:
The transsulfuration pathway is a metabolic pathway involving the interconversion of cysteine and homocysteine through the intermediate cystathionine. Two transsulfurylation pathways are known: the forward and the reverse.
In enzymology, a thioether S-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction.
The enzyme 3-chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase (EC 4.5.1.2) catalyzes the reaction
Cystathionine beta-lyase, also commonly referred to as CBL or β-cystathionase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the following α,β-elimination reaction
The enzyme cysteine lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme cysteine-S-conjugate β-lyase (EC 4.4.1.13) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme D-cysteine desulfhydrase (EC 4.4.1.15) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme homocysteine desulfhydrase (EC 4.4.1.2) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme L-3-cyanoalanine synthase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme methylaspartate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.2) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme hyaluronate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) catalyzes the following process:
The enzyme inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming) catalyzes the following process:
The enzyme mannuronate-specific alginate lyase catalyzes the degradation of alginate into various monosaccharide and polysaccharide products:
In enzymology, a cysteine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Roseovarius nubinhibens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacteria. Its type strain is ISMT.
