| Diorygma incantatum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Ostropales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Diorygma |
| Species: | D. incantatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Diorygma incantatum S.C.Feuerst. & Eliasaro (2014) | |
Diorygma incantatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in northern and southern Brazil.
The lichen was formally described as new to science in 2014 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Sionara Eliasaro. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Encantadas of Ilha do Mel State Park (Paraná), where it was found growing on tree bark in a Restinga forest. The species epithet incantatum (Latin for "enchanted") alludes to the type locality, Encantadas (Portuguese for "enchanted"), which refers to this area on the Ilha do Mel. [1] The range of the species was later extended to northern Brazil when, in 2017, it was recorded near Itaguatins in the state of Tocantins. [2]
Diorygma incantatum grows as an opaque, irregular, whitish grey crust on the bark substrate. It lacks soredia and isidia (vegetative propagules). Its ascomata are white, have a rounded to irregular shape, and measure 0.6–1.6 by 0.3–0.6 mm; they have a pinkish disc with white pruina. The major distinguishing characteristic of the lichen are its threadlike (filiform) ascospores, which measure 105–108 by 6 μm and have from 29 to 31 transverse septa. [1]
At the time of publication, only four other Diorygma species were known to have transverse septa in their ascospores. These lichens ( D. circumfusum , D. minisporum , D. wallamanense , and D. wilsonianum ) can be distinguished from D. incantatum by differences in distribution and in spore dimensions and structure. Additionally, D. incantatum contains an unknown lichen product that forms a purple spot when analysed and separated with thin-layer chromatography; this spot will fluoresce orange when lit with a ultraviolet light. The authors also noted a resemblance with Chapsa indica , a species which differs from D. incantatum in that it contains periphysoids, and it lacks lichen products. [1]
Diorygma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Gassicurtia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.
Cryptothecia is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves. in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid. The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek krypto = "to conceal" and theke = "a container or sheath". There are about 45 described species in the genus according to one source, and 75 species according to another. The genus is in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains Trentepohlia, a green alga, as its photobiont partner.
Heterocyphelium is a lichen genus in the family Lecanographaceae. It was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1927, with H. leucampyx assigned as the type species. The genus remained monotypic until a new species, H. triseptatum, was described in 2017 from collections made in Brazil.
Buellia lichexanthonica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors near the Poço Azul, at an altitude of about 450 m (1,480 ft); here, in Cerrado, it was found growing on sandstone. The lichen has a thin (0.1–0.2 mm), dull yellow thallus covered with xanthone crystals. Its ascomata are round and black, about 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter with a flat disc. The ascospores are dark brown with an ellipsoid shape, one septum, and measure 11–13 by 6–7.5 μm. The specific epithet lichexanthonica refers to the presence of 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone, a lichexanthone derivative that is found in the cortex of the thallus.
Acanthothecis latispora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and André da Silveira. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Turvo State Park. Here the lichen was growing on branches in open areas of the Atlantic Forest. It has a whitish to greenish thallus with a black prothallus. Its asci contain a single ascospore; the spores are densely muriform and measure 82–100 by 27–35 μm. The specific epithet refers to the wide spores. Acanthothecis latispora contains norstictic and stictic acids; these are lichen products that are detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis megalospora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from a São Paulo farm near Itaguatins (Tocantins); here it was found growing on tree bark in cerrado. The lichen has a whitish grey thallus. Its asci contain a single, more or less rectangular ascospore with 15 to 17 transverse septa. The specific epithet refers to these large spores. Acanthothecis megalospora contains norstictic acid, connorstictic acid, and protocetraric acid, which are lichen products than can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis norstictica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected from a farm near Itaguatins (Tocantins), where it was found growing on tree bark in cerrado. The lichen contains norstictic acid, the presence of which is referred to in the specific epithet norstictica.
Acanthothecis oryzoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected in the Parque Natural De Porto Velho (Rondônia) at an altitude of 100 m (330 ft); here, it was found growing on twig bark near a rainforest. The lichen has a dull, glaucous-white thallus, lacking a prothallus. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid, and measure 69–80 by 25–35 μm; they have from 9 to 13 transverse septa with light constrictions at the septa.
Acanthothecis rimosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected from the Pedra Talhada private area in Quebrangulo (Alagoas) at an elevation between 500 and 700 m. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, mineral-grey thallus lacking a cortex, and also lacking a surrounding prothallus. The asci contain two spores. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid, and measure 45–53 by 13–16 μm; they have 15–19 transverse and 3–4 longitudinal septa. Stictic acid, a lichen product, is found in the lichen and is detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis roseola is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein. The type specimen was collected from the Parque Estadual do Papagaio Charão. The lichen has a whitish to greenish, cracked thallus with a black prothallus. Crystals of calcium oxalate are abundant below the algal layer and the hamathecium. The lichen contains norstictic acid, stictic acid, and subnorstictic acid, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography. The specific epithet roseola refers to the pinkish-coloured margins of the ascomata.
Acanthothecis saxicola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva M.Cáceres. The type specimen was collected near Poço Azul at an altitude of 450 m (1,480 ft); here, in a cerrado forest, it was found growing on an overhanging sandstone. The lichen has an ochraceous white thallus lacking a cortex and a prothallus. Its asci contains eight spores, and the ascospores are hyaline, measuring 22–30 by 5 μm with 6 to 8 transverse septa. Acanthothecis saxicola contains stictic acid, a lichen product detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis subfarinosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein. The type specimen was collected from remnant cerrado in Campo Mourão (Paraná). The lichen has a greenish, cracked thallus lacking a cortex and lacking a prothallus. The asci contain 8 spores; the ascospores are hyaline, measuring 22–30 by 5 μm with 6 to 8 transverse septa. Acanthothecis subfarinosa contains norstictic acid, a lichen product that is detectable using thin-layer chromatography.
Acanthothecis submuriformis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva M.Cáceres. The type specimen was collected from the Parque Natural Municipal ; here the lichen was found growing on tree bark in primary rainforest.
Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by André Aptroot from a primary montane forest in Myola at an altitude between 2,100 and 2,400 m. It is only known to occur at the type locality. The lichen has a whitish-grey to pale yellowish thallus lacking a cortex, but with a black prothallus. Its ascospores number eight per ascus, and are hyaline, measuring 17–20 by 8 μm; they have from 4 to 6 transverse septa and from 0 to 2 longitudinal septa. The specific epithet refers to the paraphyses, which give it an apically warty appearance. Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata contains protocetraric acid, a lichen product that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.
Carbacanthographis novoguineensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by André Aptroot in Myola at an altitude between 2,100 and 2,400 m. It is only known to occur at the type locality.
Carbacanthographis salazinicoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Papua New Guinea, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by André Aptroot from a primary montane forest in Myola, at an elevation of 2,100 m (6,900 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet salazinicoides refers to its resemblance with Carbacanthographis salazinica, from which it differs by having larger ascospores.
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Thamires Almeida Pereira, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Mata do Cipó at an elevation of 80–100 m (260–330 ft); here, in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, it was found in the forest understory. It has a light grey thallus lacking a prothallus and a cortex. Its ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are oblong to spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 11 and 15 septa and measure 30–35 by 7–8 μm. Lichen products that occur in Pseudochapsa aptrootiana include stictic and constictic acid as major or submajor metabolites, and minor to trace amounts of cryptostictic, hypostictic, and acetylhypoconstictic acids. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his invaluable contributions to tropical lichenology".
Diorygma pauciseptatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as new to science in 2014 as a collaborative effort by several lichenologists: Shirley Feuerstein, Iane Cunha, André Aptroot, and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Fazenda São Paulo, where it was found growing on tree bark. The lichen has an opaque, irregular, yellowish-green thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It is characterised from other Diorygma species by its ascospores, which measure 28–32 by 7 μm and have from 7 to 9 transverse septa; this species has ascospores with the fewest septa in the genus. Additionally, this species contains norstictic and connorstictic acids, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.