Dual naming

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Dual naming is the adoption of an official place name that combines two earlier names, or uses both names, often to resolve a disagreement over which of the two individual names is more appropriate. In some cases, the reasons are political. Sometimes the two individual names are from different languages; in some cases this is because the country has more than one official language, and in others, one language has displaced another.

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In several countries, dual naming has begun to be applied only recently. This has come about in places where a colonial settler community had displaced the indigenous peoples and started using names in the settler language centuries ago, and more recent efforts have been made to use names in the indigenous language alongside the colonial names, as an act of reconciliation.

Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, the name 'Dari' replaced Persian (Farsi) after the 1964 constitution which was the only official language until the approval of the constitution in that year. In addition government also added Pashto as a fellow official language in the country. [1]

Australia

In Australia, a dual naming policy is often now used officially to name landmarks that are of significance to local Indigenous Australians, but for which the most common name is European. [2] For example, the landmark with the Pitjantjatjara name Uluru and English name Ayers Rock was officially named Uluru / Ayers Rock in 1993, [3] although in practice, people in the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park refer to it as Uluru. [4] [5]

In the city of Adelaide, the Adelaide City Council began the process of dual naming all of the city squares, each of the parks making up the parklands which surround the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide, and other sites of significance to the Kaurna people (the "Adelaide tribe") in 1997. [6] The naming process, which assigned an extra name in the Kaurna language to each place, was mostly completed in 2003, [7] and the renaming of 39 sites finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. [8] Examples include Victoria Square / Tarntanyangga, Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka, and River Torrens / Karrawirra Parri.

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands had their official dual name attested from 1916; [9] it was made official with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955. [10]

Finland

In Finland, many towns have two names, one in Finnish and one in Swedish (the two official languages of the country). The two names are considered equally correct but are not used as a formal duality of names.

France and Switzerland

The official names of bilingual areas of Alsace, France, and Switzerland also apply. For instance, the German and French Swiss town of Biel/Bienne is the combination of its German name (Biel) and its French name (Bienne).

New Zealand

Similarly, some places in New Zealand have dual Māori and English names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook. [11] The practice of officially giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in the 1920s, [12] but dual names have become much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements. [11]

Northern Ireland

"Derry/Londonderry" has been used unofficially to circumvent the Derry/Londonderry name dispute, in which Irish nationalists used "Derry" and Ulster unionists use "Londonderry" for the city and county in Northern Ireland. The "Derry stroke Londonderry" spoken form of this has in turn engendered the city's nickname "Stroke City". [13]

Romania

In Romania, the cities of Turnu Severin and Cluj were renamed Drobeta-Turnu Severin in 1972 and Cluj-Napoca in 1974, respectively, for political reasons, as the communist government wanted to emphasize the cities' Roman origins. [14]

Spain

Another example of the phenomenon can be seen in the name of the capital of the Spanish Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz. This combines the city's Spanish name of Vitoria and Basque name of Gasteiz.

United States

The Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute is an example of a dual naming issue in the United States.

Border geographical features

A special problem occurs when the landmark lies on the border between two or more countries. For example, Mount Everest has several different names used locally.

See also

Related Research Articles

The Kaurna people are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the British colonisation of South Australia in 1836. However, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. The phrase Kaurna meyunna means "Kaurna people".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victoria Square, Adelaide</span> Public square in the centre of Adelaide, South Australia

Victoria Square, also known as Tarntanyangga, is the central square of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brighton, South Australia</span> Suburb of Adelaide, South Australia

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O'Halloran Hill is a suburb in the south of Adelaide, South Australia, situated on the hills south of the O'Halloran Hill Escarpment, which rises from the Adelaide Plains and located 18 km from the city centre via the Main South Road. The suburb is split between the Cities of Marion and Onkaparinga, and it neighbours Happy Valley, Hallett Cove, Trott Park and Darlington. It includes a large area of former farmland and commercial vineyards known as the Glenthorne Estate, which in 2018 became the Glenthorne National Park–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta.

Kaurna is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own parnkarra district of land and local dialect. These dialects were historically spoken in the area bounded by Crystal Brook and Clare in the north, Cape Jervis in the south, and just over the Mount Lofty Ranges. Kaurna ceased to be spoken on an everyday basis in the 19th century and the last known native speaker, Ivaritji, died in 1929. Language revival efforts began in the 1980s, with the language now frequently used for ceremonial purposes, such as dual naming and welcome to country ceremonies.

Seacliff Park is a suburb of Adelaide partly in the City of Marion and the City of Holdfast Bay. The suburb is adjacent to South Brighton in the north, Seaview Downs to the east, Hallett Cove to the south, and Marino and Seacliff on the west. The suburb is divided diagonally by Ocean Road, with the northern part of the suburb mainly residential, and the southern park partly occupied by a golf course and a quarry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tjilbruke</span> Creation being in Kaurna (an Aboriginal Australian group) mythology

Tjilbruke is an important creation ancestor for the Kaurna people of the Adelaide plains in the Australian state of South Australia. Tjilbruke was a Kaurna man, who appeared in Kaurna Dreaming dating back about 11,000 years. The Tjilbruke Dreaming Track or Tjilbruke Dreaming Trail is a major Dreaming trail, which connects sites from within metropolitan Adelaide southwards as far as Cape Jervis, some of which are Aboriginal sacred sites of great significance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electoral district of Morialta</span> State electoral district of South Australia

Morialta is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It is a 356 km2 electorate stretching from the Adelaide Hills to the outer eastern and north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide, taking in the suburbs and localities of Auldana, Ashton, Athelstone, Basket Range, Birdwood, Castambul, Cherryville, Cudlee Creek, Forest Range, Gumeracha, Highbury, Kenton Valley, Lenswood, Lobethal, Marble Hill, Montacute, Mount Torrens, Norton Summit, Rostrevor, Summertown, Teringie, Uraidla and Woodforde, as well as part of Chain of Ponds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light Square</span> Square in Adelaide, South Australia

Light Square, also known as Wauwi, is one of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre. Located in the centre of the north-western quarter of the Adelaide city centre, its southern boundary is Waymouth Street, while Currie Street crosses its northern tip, isolating about a quarter of its land. Morphett Street runs through the centre in a north–south direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morialta Conservation Park</span> Protected area in South Australia

Morialta Conservation Park, formerly the Morialta Falls Reserve and the Morialta Falls National Pleasure Resort, is a protected area 10 km north-east of Adelaide city centre, in the state of South Australia, Australia. The park is in a rugged bush environment, with a narrow gorge set with three waterfalls, bounded by steep ridges and cliffs. The park caters to many activities, including bushwalking, bird watching and rock climbing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rymill Park</span> Park in Adelaide, South Australia

Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka, and numbered as Park 14, is a recreation park located in the East Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. There is an artificial lake with rowboats for hire, a café, children's playground and rose garden, and the Adelaide Bowling Club is on the Dequetteville Terrace side. The O-Bahn passes underneath it, to emerge at the western side opposite Grenfell Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port Adelaide SC</span> Football club

Port Adelaide Soccer Club (PASC), originally Port Adelaide British Football Club and also known as the Port Adelaide Pirates, is a semi-professional soccer club based in Taperoo, a north-western suburb of Adelaide in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. The club plays in State League 2 South Australia after being relegated to the fourth tier of Australian soccer in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hindmarsh Square</span> Public square in Adelaide, South Australia

Hindmarsh Square/Mukata is one of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. It is located in the centre of the north-eastern quarter of the city, and surrounds the intersection of Grenfell and Pulteney streets, near the eastern end of the Rundle Mall. Pirie Street forms the southern boundary of the square.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cowandilla, South Australia</span> Suburb of Adelaide, South Australia

Cowandilla is a western suburb in Adelaide, South Australia, in the City of West Torrens. It is located a few kilometres west of the CBD, close to Adelaide Airport. Sir Donald Bradman Drive crosses the middle of the suburb.

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Whitmore Square, also known as Iparrityi, is one of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. Occupying 2.4ha, it is located at the junction of Sturt and Morphett streets in the south-western quarter of the Adelaide city grid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurtle Square</span> Public squares in Adelaide, Australia

Hurtle Square, also known as Tangkaira, is one of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. Located in the centre of the south-eastern quarter of the city, it surrounds the intersection of Halifax and Pulteney streets. Its north edge is bounded by Carrington Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wellington Square, North Adelaide</span> Public square in Adelaide, South Australia

Wellington Square, also known as Kudnartu and officially Wellington Square/Kudnarto, is a public square in the Adelaide suburb of North Adelaide, South Australia, in the City of Adelaide. It is roughly at the centre of the largest of the three grids which comprise North Adelaide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lewis O'Brien (Kaurna elder)</span> Australian Aboriginal elder

Lewis William Arthur O'Brien, known as Yarlupurka, usually known as Uncle Lewis O'Brien, is an Aboriginal Australian elder of the Kaurna people.

References

  1. ↑ Afghanistan constitution of 1964 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Afghanistan_1964.pdf?lang=en
  2. ↑ "Principles for the Consistent Use of Place Names" (PDF). Permanent Committee on Place Names, Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping. October 2016. pp. 9, 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  3. ↑ "Dual Naming". Northern Territory Government. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  4. ↑ https://uluru.gov.au/about/frequently-asked-questions/ayers-rock-or-uluru/
  5. ↑ https://ulurutoursaustralia.com.au/blog/why-does-uluru-have-2-names/
  6. ↑ Adelaide City Council. "Adelaide City Council Placenaming Initiatives". Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi. University of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  7. ↑ Adelaide City Council. "Kaurna Placename Meanings within the City of Adelaide". Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi. University of Adelaide. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  8. ↑ "Kaurna place naming: Recognising Kaurna heritage through physical features of the city". City of Adelaide. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  9. ↑ Weber, Max Carl Wilhelm; Weber, Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort, Max Wilhelm Carl (1916). The Fishes of the Indo-australian Archipelago. Brill Archive. p. 286. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Woodroffe, C.D.; Berry, P.F. (February 1994). Scientific Studies in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands: An Introduction. Atoll Research Bulletin. Vol. 399. Washington DC: National Museum of Natural History. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  11. 1 2 "Frameworks of the New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa Version 3" (PDF). October 2010. pp. 40–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  12. ↑ "Protocol for Mäori Place Names" (PDF). New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa. 14 August 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  13. ↑ "BBC - Radio 4 - Routes of English". BBC. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  14. ↑ George W. White (1999). "Transylvania:Hungarian, Romanian, or Neither?". In Herb, Guntram Henrik; David H. Kaplan (eds.). Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 275. ISBN   0-8476-8467-9 . Retrieved 2008-05-26.
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