| Earl Marischal of Scotland | |
|---|---|
 Arms of the house of Keith, hereditary holders of the title of Earl Marischal. | |
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| Type | Great Officer of State |
| Formation |
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| First holder |
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| Final holder | George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal |
| Succession | Hereditary |
The title of Earl Marischal was created in the Peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland.
The office of Marischal of Scotland (or Marascallus Scotie or Marscallus Scotiae) had been hereditary, held by the senior member and Chief of Clan Keith, since Hervey (Herveus) de Keith, who held the office of Marischal under Malcolm IV and William I. The descendant of Herveus, Sir Robert de Keith (d.1332), was confirmed in the office of Great Marischal of Scotland by King Robert the Bruce around 1324.
Robert de Keith's great-grandson, William, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Marischal by James II in about 1458. The peerage died out when George Keith, the 10th Earl, forfeited it by joining the Jacobite Rising of 1715.
The role of the Marischal was to serve as custodian of the Royal Regalia of Scotland, and to protect the king's person when attending parliament. The former duty was fulfilled by the 7th Earl during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, who hid them at Dunnottar Castle. The role of regulation of heraldry carried out by the English Earl Marshal is carried out in Scotland by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.
The separate office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of King Charles I in 1633. The office is not heritable, although it has been held by members of the Keith family.
The title was forfeited in 1715, due to the last Earl's participation in the Jacobite Rising.
Before the sequence was revised by Thomas Innes of Learney in 1927, the 1st Earl's father, William Keith (died 1463), was deemed to be the first Earl Marischal, so that the final Earl was the eleventh. [5] [11]
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Lord Nairne is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created by Charles II for Sir Robert Nairne of Strathord in 1681, which since 1995 is held by the Viscount Mersey.
Dunnottar Castle is a ruined medieval fortress located upon a rocky headland on the north-eastern coast of Scotland, about 2 miles south of Stonehaven. The surviving buildings are largely of the 15th and 16th centuries, but the site is believed to have been fortified in the Early Middle Ages. Dunnottar has played a prominent role in the history of Scotland through to the 18th-century Jacobite risings because of its strategic location and defensive strength.
Clan Keith is a Highland and Lowland Scottish clan, whose Chief historically held the hereditary title of Marischal, then Great Marischal, then Earl Marischal of Scotland.
The office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of Charles I in 1633, at Scone. Unlike the separate office of Marischal, the office of Knight Marischal is not heritable, and has continued to be filled up to the death of the 11th Duke of Hamilton in 1863. The office is vacant but has not been abolished.
Earl of Kilmarnock was a title created twice in the Peerage of Scotland for the Boyd family. It was first created in 1454 for Robert Boyd, Great Chamberlain of Scotland. It was created a second time in 1661 for William Boyd, 10th Lord Boyd. Both titles were forfeited in 1746.
Sir John Keith, 1st Earl of Kintore PC (Scot), was a Scottish nobleman.
William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth, and 2nd titular Marquess of Seaforth, also known as Uilleam Dubh, or Black William, was a Scottish peer and head of Clan Mackenzie. Educated in France and brought up as a Roman Catholic, he was attainted for his part in the 1715 Jacobite Rising and also joined the 1719 Rising.
Lieutenant-General Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, de jure3rd Duke of Ormonde (1671–1758) was an Anglo-Irish peer. His uncle Richard was the 1st Earl of Arran of the first creation. The titles were re-created for Charles in 1693. His elder brother, the 2nd Duke of Ormonde, was attainted during the Jacobite rising of 1715, but in 1721 Arran was allowed to buy the estate back. At the death of the 2nd Duke, he succeeded as de jure 3rd Duke of Ormonde in the Irish peerage but did not claim the title.
Keith Marischal is a Scottish Baronial Country house lying in the parish of Humbie, East Lothian, Scotland. The original building was an "L-shaped" Tower house, built long before 1589 when it was extended into a "U-shaped" courtyard house. The building acquired its modern appearance in the 19th century when the courtyard was filled in. The house is protected as a category B listed building.
Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll was a Scottish noblewoman and suo jure Countess of Erroll. As 18th Hereditary Lord High Constable and Knight Marischal of Scotland, she was the Senior Great Officer among the Royal Officers of Scotland and Chief of the King's Household in Scotland. She inherited these titles in 1717 on the death of her unmarried brother, Charles Hay, 13th Earl of Erroll.
Sir Robert Keith was a Scottish knight, diplomat, and hereditary Marischal of Scotland who commanded forces loyal to Robert Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn.
George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal (c. 1553–1623) was a Scottish nobleman and Earl Marischal. He succeeded as earl on 7 October 1581, upon the death of his grandfather, William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal.
George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal was a Scottish Jacobite army officer and diplomat, who led Jacobite forces in the rising of 1719. He later joined in the Prussian Army and became a close confidant of Frederick the Great, serving as his ambassador to both France and Great Britain. He was the tenth and last Earl Marischal.
William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal KT was a Scottish Jacobite politician and Earl Marischal of Scotland. He married the committed Jacobite Mary Drummond.
William Keith, 6th Earl Marischal was a Scottish lord, Earl Marischal and naval official.
William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal was a Scottish nobleman and politician.
Sir Edward Keith was a Scottish nobleman and hereditary 11th Marischal of Scotland.
James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow, 4th Earl of Callendar was a Scottish nobleman who was convicted of high treason and forced to forfeit his estates and all his titles to the Crown.
William Keith, 2nd Earl of Kintore, was a Scottish nobleman.
Anthony Adrian Keith-Falconer, 5th Earl of Kintore, 5th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, who was known as the 7th Lord Falconer of Halkerton, between 1776 and 1778, was a Dutch-Scottish aristocrat.
