Ecology of the Oak Ridges Moraine

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The hooded warbler is a threatened species in Canada. Happy Valley Forests is one of the few remaining Canadian habitats for this species. Hoodedwarbler01.jpg
The hooded warbler is a threatened species in Canada. Happy Valley Forests is one of the few remaining Canadian habitats for this species.

The Oak Ridges Moraine lies in Southern Ontario, Canada. It contains the headwaters of sixty-five rivers and streams. It has a wide diversity of woodlands, wetlands, watercourses, kettle lakes, kettle bogs, and significant flora and fauna. It is one of the few remaining continuous green corridors in southern Ontario: it remains thirty percent forested and is one of the last refuges for forest birds in all of southern Ontario.

Contents

The moraine provides habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species, over seventy of which are threatened or endangered in Canada, including the West Virginia white butterfly, Jefferson salamander, red-shouldered hawk, and American ginseng. The moraine's rare wetlands support plants and insects more typical of northern Ontario. The remnants of tallgrass prairie and oak-pine savanna in the eastern portion are globally threatened ecosystems.

Happy Valley Forests

Happy Valley Forests is a 648-hectare upland forest with wooded swamps and minor wetland areas. It supports a diverse wildlife population, including over 100 species of birds, some of which are endangered or threatened in Canada. The forests are characterized by the dominant sugar maple in most areas, and red maple on its eastern edges. It is a provincial ANSI Life Science ecological zone.

Provincially significant ecological areas

A number of provincially significant ecological areas are located in the Oak Ridges Moraine, among them forty-eight wetlands, and twenty-eight earth and life science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI-ES and ANSI-LS).

The table below lists the ecological zones by municipal jurisdiction; for zones that overlap multiple jurisdictions, the zone is listed in the jurisdiction which contains the greatest portion of that zone. Moreover, some of the zones listed may only have some portion of their complex on the Oak Ridges Moraine; for example, a small southern component of the Ansnorveldt Wetland Complex lies on the northern edge of the Oak Ridges Moraine.


Provincially significant ecological areas on the Oak Ridges Moraine; size is in hectares (100 hectares = 1 km2)
Caledon
Little Credit River Wetland Complex 43°49′N79°54′W / 43.817°N 79.900°W / 43.817; -79.900 270.6Wetland
Credit Forks Wetland 43°49′N79°58′W / 43.817°N 79.967°W / 43.817; -79.967 29.4Wetland
Gibson Lake Wetland 43°57′N79°49′W / 43.950°N 79.817°W / 43.950; -79.817 27.9Wetland
Centreville Creek Wetland Complex 43°54′N79°50′W / 43.900°N 79.833°W / 43.900; -79.833 12.5Wetland
Bolton Wetland Complex 44°14′N80°15′W / 44.233°N 80.250°W / 44.233; -80.250 5.7Wetland
King Township
Pottageville Swamp 44°0′N79°37′W / 44.000°N 79.617°W / 44.000; -79.617 658.0ANSI Life Science
Happy Valley Forests 43°57′N79°36′W / 43.950°N 79.600°W / 43.950; -79.600 648.0ANSI Life Science
Pottageville Southeast Upland 43°58′N79°36′W / 43.967°N 79.600°W / 43.967; -79.600 90.0ANSI Life Science
Cold Creek Conservation Area 43°54′N79°42′W / 43.900°N 79.700°W / 43.900; -79.700 81.7ANSI Life Science
Glenville Hills Kames 44°2′N79°31′W / 44.033°N 79.517°W / 44.033; -79.517 345.0ANSI Earth Science
Linton—Kelly Lake Channels 43°56′N79°37′W / 43.933°N 79.617°W / 43.933; -79.617 588.0ANSI Earth Science
Kettleby and Newmarket Tills 44°1′N79°33′W / 44.017°N 79.550°W / 44.017; -79.550 0.2ANSI Earth Science
Pottageville Wetland Complex 44°0′N79°37′W / 44.000°N 79.617°W / 44.000; -79.617 779.3Wetland
Eaton Hall—Mary—Hackett Lakes Wetland Complex 43°57′N79°33′W / 43.950°N 79.550°W / 43.950; -79.550 259.0Wetland
Ansnorveldt Wetland Complex 44°3′N79°33′W / 44.050°N 79.550°W / 44.050; -79.550 200.6Wetland
Kennifick Wetland Complex 43°57′N79°42′W / 43.950°N 79.700°W / 43.950; -79.700 79.1Wetland
Eaton Hall Lake Wetland 43°57′N79°31′W / 43.950°N 79.517°W / 43.950; -79.517 51.5Wetland
King—Vaughan Wetland Complex 43°55′N79°30′W / 43.917°N 79.500°W / 43.917; -79.500 39.1Wetland
Nobleton Wetland Complex 43°55′N79°40′W / 43.917°N 79.667°W / 43.917; -79.667 43.3Wetland
New Scotland Wetland Complex 43°56′N79°38′W / 43.933°N 79.633°W / 43.933; -79.633 23.7Wetland
King Creek Marsh 43°53′N79°37′W / 43.883°N 79.617°W / 43.883; -79.617 4.2Wetland
East Gwillimbury
Mount Albert Wetlands 44°10′N79°19′W / 44.167°N 79.317°W / 44.167; -79.317 539.3Wetland
Aurora
Wilcox—St. George Wetland Complex 43°53′N79°29′W / 43.883°N 79.483°W / 43.883; -79.483 102.0Wetland
East Aurora Wetland Complex 44°1′N79°28′W / 44.017°N 79.467°W / 44.017; -79.467 28.0Wetland
Aurora Marsh (McKenzie Marsh) 44°1′N79°28′W / 44.017°N 79.467°W / 44.017; -79.467 10.0Wetland
Richmond Hill
Rouge River Headwater Wetland Complex 43°55′N79°24′W / 43.917°N 79.400°W / 43.917; -79.400 175.0Wetland
Philips—Bond —Thompson Lakes Wetland Complex 43°55′N79°27′W / 43.917°N 79.450°W / 43.917; -79.450 61.0Wetland
Snively Street Wetland Complex 43°57′N79°26′W / 43.950°N 79.433°W / 43.950; -79.433 21.5Wetland
Philips Lake Wetland Complex 43°55′N79°27′W / 43.917°N 79.450°W / 43.917; -79.450 24.8Wetland
Whitchurch-Stouffville
Vivian Infiltration Area (also in Uxbridge) 44°4′N79°18′W / 44.067°N 79.300°W / 44.067; -79.300 6346.0Hydrological ESA
Musselman Lake Kettle Complex 44°2′N79°15′W / 44.033°N 79.250°W / 44.033; -79.250 258.0ANSI Earth Science
White Rose Spillway 43°58′N79°25′W / 43.967°N 79.417°W / 43.967; -79.417 25.0ANSI Earth Science
Musselman Lake Complex 44°0′N79°17′W / 44.000°N 79.283°W / 44.000; -79.283 100.0ANSI Life Science
Vandorf Bog Complex 44°0′N79°20′W / 44.000°N 79.333°W / 44.000; -79.333 57.0ANSI Life Science
Black River Wetland Complex #1 44°11′N79°21′W / 44.183°N 79.350°W / 44.183; -79.350 1378.8Wetland
White Rose—Preston Lake Wetland Complex 43°58′N79°23′W / 43.967°N 79.383°W / 43.967; -79.383 137.6Wetland
Musselman Lake Wetland 44°1′N79°17′W / 44.017°N 79.283°W / 44.017; -79.283 49.4Wetland
East Musselman Wetland Complex 44°2′N79°15′W / 44.033°N 79.250°W / 44.033; -79.250 8.8Wetland
Uxbridge Township
Little Rouge Creek Section 43°48′N79°9′W / 43.800°N 79.150°W / 43.800; -79.150 0.8ANSI Earth Science
Tyrone River Valley 44°2′N78°43′W / 44.033°N 78.717°W / 44.033; -78.717 140.0ANSI Life Science
Uxbridge Pine—Maple Uplands 44°3′N79°6′W / 44.050°N 79.100°W / 44.050; -79.100 93.0ANSI Life Science
Uxbridge Forest Kames 44°0′N79°5′W / 44.000°N 79.083°W / 44.000; -79.083 644.0ANSI Earth Science
Goodwood Formation 44°3′N79°12′W / 44.050°N 79.200°W / 44.050; -79.200 0.2ANSI Earth Science
Uxbridge Brook Headwater Wetland Complex 44°5′N79°8′W / 44.083°N 79.133°W / 44.083; -79.133 159.6Wetland
Goodwood/Glasgow Wetland Complex 44°0′N79°11′W / 44.000°N 79.183°W / 44.000; -79.183 70.6Wetland
North Goodwood Wetland Complex 44°2′N79°12′W / 44.033°N 79.200°W / 44.033; -79.200 22.4Wetland
Scugog Township
Lake Scugog #37 Wetland 44°7′N78°48′W / 44.117°N 78.800°W / 44.117; -78.800 192.6Wetland
City of Pickering
Clarke Summit Swamp 43°56′N78°31′W / 43.933°N 78.517°W / 43.933; -78.517 118.0ANSI Life Science
Northumberland County
Garden Hill Pitted Outwash 44°3′N78°24′W / 44.050°N 78.400°W / 44.050; -78.400 1003.0ANSI Earth Science
Millvalley Hills Forests 44°4′N78°6′W / 44.067°N 78.100°W / 44.067; -78.100 320.0ANSI Life Science
Shelter Valley 44°3′N78°1′W / 44.050°N 78.017°W / 44.050; -78.017 312.0ANSI Life Science
Peter's Woods Provincial Nature Reserve (Settler's Woods) 44°7′N78°2′W / 44.117°N 78.033°W / 44.117; -78.033 33.43ANSI Life Science
East Cross Creek #15 - Wetland 44°15′N78°43′W / 44.250°N 78.717°W / 44.250; -78.717 2340.4Wetland
Kawartha Lakes
Fleetwood Kames 44°7′N78°36′W / 44.117°N 78.600°W / 44.117; -78.600 939.0ANSI Earth Science
Peterborough
Omemee Esker South 44°14′N78°35′W / 44.233°N 78.583°W / 44.233; -78.583 366.0ANSI Earth Science

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