The United States Sentencing Commission is an independent agency of the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for articulating the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for the federal courts. The Commission promulgates the Federal Sentencing Guidelines,which replaced the prior system of indeterminate sentencing that allowed trial judges to give sentences ranging from probation to the maximum statutory punishment for the offense. It is headquartered in Washington,D.C.
Robert Peter Aguilar was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
Larry Alan Burns is a retired United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.
Maurice Timothy Dooling Sr. was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
Jeremy Don Fogel is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Fogel was appointed by President Bill Clinton. He was a judge for the municipal court and superior court of Santa Clara County,California from 1981 to 1998. He served as Director of the Federal Judicial Center from 2011 to 2018.
William Austin Ingram was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
Eugene F. Lynch was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
Edward Preston Murphy was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
Ronald McLeod Whyte was United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in San Jose,California.
Edward Milton Chen is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and former United States magistrate judge of the same court.
Lucy Haeran Koh is an American lawyer serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Koh previously served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from 2010 to 2021. She also served as a California state court judge of the Santa Clara County Superior Court from 2008 to 2010. She is the first Korean American woman to serve on a federal appellate court in the United States.
William Horsley Orrick III is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. He had a long career as a lawyer in private practice in San Francisco,and served as a Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice during the Obama administration.
Anna Dalia Ayala is an American fraudstress and convicted felon. She is most known for bringing a fraudulent tort claim against a Wendy's restaurant in San Jose,California in 2005. Ayala’s claims cost the chain more than $30 million USD in lost revenue. This led to a felony charge of attempted grand larceny against her,to which Ayala pleaded guilty in September 2005. She was sentenced to nine years in prison on January 18,2006 and served four years. In 2013,she received another prison sentence for an unrelated incident regarding filing a false police report and felony firearm possession.
James Joseph Donato is an American attorney and judge. He has served as United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California since 2014.
Vince Girdhari Chhabria is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and formerly a deputy city attorney at the San Francisco City Attorney's Office.
Indira Talwani is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.
Theranos Inc. was an American privately held corporation that was touted as a breakthrough health technology company. Founded in 2003 by then 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes,Theranos raised more than US$700 million from venture capitalists and private investors,resulting in a $9 billion valuation at its peak in 2013 and 2014. The company claimed that it had devised blood tests that required very small amounts of blood and that could be performed rapidly and accurately,all using compact automated devices that the company had developed. These claims were proven to be false.
Elizabeth Anne Holmes is an American biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of fraud in connection with her blood-testing company,Theranos. The company's valuation soared after it claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing methods that needed only very small volumes of blood,such as from a fingerprick. In 2015,Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-made female billionaire in the United States on the basis of a $9-billion valuation of her company. In the following year,as revelations of fraud about Theranos's claims began to surface,Forbes revised its estimate of Holmes's net worth to zero,and Fortune named her in its feature article on "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".
Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani is a businessman,former president and chief operating officer of Theranos,which was a privately held health technology company founded by his then-girlfriend Elizabeth Holmes. He and Holmes fraudulently represented that they had devised a revolutionary blood test that required only small amounts of blood,such as from a fingerstick. Both Balwani and Holmes were convicted of fraud. The consequences of the fraud led to the collapse of Theranos and the loss of billions of dollars to investors.
United States v. Elizabeth A. Holmes,et al.,was a United States federal criminal fraud case against the founder of now-defunct corporation Theranos,Elizabeth Holmes,and its former president and COO,Ramesh Balwani. The case alleged that Holmes and Balwani perpetrated multi-million dollar wire-fraud schemes against investors and patients. They had separate jury trials.
