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The Eighth Finance Commission of India was constituted by the President of India, on 28 April 1984 under the chairmanship of Shri Y.B. Chavan.
The commission consisted of the following members: [1]
The commission was asked to make recommendations on
The commission is to examine the possibility for increasing revenue from the taxes and duties mentioned in Article 269 of the constitution but which are not levied at present. It will probe into the scope for enhancing revenue from the duties mentioned in the Article 268. Making an assessment of the non plan capital gap of the states on a uniform and comparable basis for the 5 years ending with 1988-89 also comes under its agenda. It will review the policy and arrangement in regards to the financing of relief expenditure by the States affected by natural calamities and make appropriate suggestions. The commission shall make its report by 31 October 1986 on each of the matters aforesaid.
The major objective of the Eighth Finance Commission was to reduce interstate disparities through their scheme of devolution.
Excise tax in the United States is an indirect tax on listed items. Excise taxes can be and are made by federal, state, and local governments and are not uniform throughout the United States. Certain goods, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, alcohol, and tobacco products, are taxed by multiple governments simultaneously. Some excise taxes are collected from the producer or retailer and not paid directly by the consumer, and as such, often remain "hidden" in the price of a product or service rather than being listed separately.
Octroi is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption.
The constitutional basis of taxation in Australia is predominantly found in sections 51(ii), 90, 53, 55, and 96, of the Constitution of Australia. Their interpretation by the High Court of Australia has been integral to the functioning and evolution of federalism in Australia.
The Finance Commissions are commissions periodically constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments. The First Commission was established in 1951 under The Finance Commission Act, 1951. Fifteen Finance Commissions have been constituted since the promulgation of Indian Constitution in 1950. Individual commissions operate under the terms of reference which are different for every commission, and they define the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission. As per the constitution, the commission is appointed every five years and consists of a chairman and four other members.
The Indian Revenue Service, often abbreviated as IRS, is a civil service that is primarily responsible for collecting and administering direct and indirect taxes. As a central civil service under Group A of the executive branch of the Government of India, it functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance and is under the administrative direction of the Revenue Secretary and the ministerial command of the Minister of Finance.
Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments by virtue of powers conferred to them from the Constitution of India. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as the Municipality.
An excise, or excise tax, is any duty on manufactured goods that is normally levied at the moment of manufacture for internal consumption rather than at sale. It is therefore a fee that must be paid in order to consume certain products. Excises are often associated with customs duties, which are levied on pre-existing goods when they cross a designated border in a specific direction; customs are levied on goods that become taxable items at the border, while excise is levied on goods that came into existence inland.
The 2009 Union budget of India was presented by the finance minister, Pranab Mukherjee, on 6 July 2009.
The Fifth Finance Commission of India was constituted by the President of India, Dr. Zakir Hussain, on 15 March 1968. The commission was chaired by Mahavir Tyagi.
The Sixth Finance Commission of India was incorporated in the year 1973 consisting of Shri K. Brahmananda Reddy as the chairman.
The Tenth Finance Commission of India was incorporated in the year 1992 consisting of Shri Krishna Chandra Pant as the chairman.
The Fourth Finance Commission of India was constituted on 18 May 1964, under the chairmanship of Dr. P. V. Rajamannar.
The Eleventh Finance Commission of India was appointed by the President on 3 July 1998 for the period 2000–2005.
The Third Finance Commission of India was appointed in 1960, for the period 1960–64, by the President of India and was chaired by Shri A.K. Chanda.
The Twelfth Finance Commission of India was appointed on 1 November 2002 to make recommendations on the distribution of net proceeds of sharable taxes between union and states. The commission was headed by veteran economist of India, C. Rangarajan. The commission submitted its report on 30 November 2004 and covered the period from 2005 to 2010.
The First Finance Commission of India was appointed in 1951, for the period 1952–57 by the President of India and was chaired by K.C Neogy.
The Second Finance Commission of India was constituted by president Rajendra Prasad on 1 June 1956.
The Ninth Finance Commission of India was set up in June 1987 under the chairmanship of Mr. N.K.P Salve.
The Fourteenth Finance Commission of India was a finance commission constituted on 2 January 2013. The commission's chairman was former Reserve Bank of India governor Y. V. Reddy and its members were Sushma Nath, M. Govinda Rao, Abhijit Sen, Sudipto Mundle, and AN Jha. The recommendations of the commission entered force in April 2015; they take effect for a five-year period from that date.
The Indian Revenue Service , often abbreviated to IRS or IRS , now called IRS(C&IT) is a part of central civil service of the Government of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance and is under the administrative direction of the Revenue Secretary and the ministerial command of the Minister of Finance. The IRS is primarily responsible for collecting and administering indirect taxes accruing to the Government of India. It is one of the largest civil service amongst the organised civil services in the Indian government and serves the nation through discharging sovereign functions of collection of revenue for development, security and governance.
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