Epacridoideae

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Epacridoideae
Epacris longiflora 04.jpg
Epacris longiflora
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Subfamily: Epacridoideae
Arn.
Tribes and genera

See text.

Synonyms
  • Styphelioideae Sweet

Epacridoideae is a subfamily of the family Ericaceae. The name StyphelioideaeSweet is also used. The subfamily contains around 35 genera and 545 species. Many species are found in Australasia, others occurring northwards through the Pacific to Southeast Asia, with a small number in South America. [1]

Contents

Description

The Epacridoideae form a well supported monophyletic group within the family Ericaceae, clearly diagnosable using a combination of morphological characters. These include a lignified leaf epidermis, dry, membrane-like (scarious) bracts on the inflorescence, and a persistent corolla. The stamens are also distinctive: there are fewer than twice the number of corolla lobes and their filaments are smooth. Some of these characters are individually present in other members of the family Ericaceae. Core members of the subfamily (i.e. excluding Prionoteae) also have parallel- or somewhat palmate-veined leaves and lack multicellular hairs. [2]

Taxonomy

In 1810, Robert Brown treated the group as the family Epacridaceae. [3] It was treated as a subfamily by Robert Sweet in 1828 (using the name Stypheliae). [4] George Arnott Walker-Arnott also treated it as a subfamily in 1832 (using the name Epacrideae). [3] Although Sweet's name is earlier, Article 19.5 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants provides that when a subfamily is formed by reducing the rank of a family, the type of a conserved family name has precedence, making Epacridoideae the correct name. [5] [6] [7] Although Sweet and Walker-Arnott had treated the group as a subfamily, botanists preferred Brown's rank of family, as in the Cronquist system, until both morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies in the 1990s showed that excluding Epacridaceae from Ericaceae made the latter paraphyletic. [2]

Phylogeny

The subfamily is divided into tribes, whose suggested relationship is shown in the following cladogram. The number of genera is approximate. [1]

Prionoteae (2 genera)

Archerieae (1 genus: Archeria)

Oligarrheneae (3 genera)

Cosmelieae (3 genera)

Richeeae (2 genera)

Epacrideae (5 genera)

Styphelieae (16+ genera)

Genera

Based largely on the phylogenetic classification of Kron et al. (2002), [2] with some later modifications, [8] [9] [10] genera that may be placed in the subfamily include the following (tribe in parentheses):

Distribution

Members of the Epacridoideae are largely confined to Australasia, being particularly diverse in southwestern Western Australia, Tasmania, and southeastern Australia. However, some species occur in southern South America ( Lebetanthus ), Hawaii ( Styphelia ), and Southeast Asia ( Leucopogon ). [2]

Related Research Articles

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The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c. 4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron, and various common heaths and heathers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solanales</span> Order of dicot flowering plants

The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asclepiadoideae</span> Subfamily of plants

The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stapeliinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Stapeliinae is a subtribe of flowering plants within the tribe Ceropegieae of the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the family Apocynaceae. The subtribe comprises about 35 genera, including both the stem-succulent "stapeliads" and the horticulturally popular genera Brachystelma and Ceropegia. The largest number of genera are native to Africa, but a more limited number of genera are widespread in Arabia and Asia. Historically, a similarly circumscribed taxon was treated as a separate tribe, Stapelieae.

<i>Leucopogon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Leucopogon is a genus of about 150-160 species of shrubs or small trees in the family Ericaceae, in the section of that family formerly treated as the separate family Epacridaceae. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the western Pacific Islands and Malaysia, with the greatest species diversity in the south-west of Western Australia. Plants in this genus have leaves with a few more or less parallel veins, and tube-shaped flowers usually with a white beard inside.

Rupicola was a small genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The species placed in the genus are endemic to New South Wales in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James L. Reveal</span> 20th century American botanist known for contributions to taxonomy

James Lauritz Reveal was a U.S. botanist best known for his contributions to the genus Eriogonum and for his work on suprageneric names. His website, at PlantSystematics.org, also presents material on plant taxonomy including the Reveal system. He published extensively on North American flora, was a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, and was one of the authors of the APG II and APG III classifications.

<i>Woollsia</i> Genus of shrubs

Woollsia is a monotypic genus in the family Ericaceae. The sole species, Woollsia pungens, known as snow heath, is a small shrub found in eastern Australia, from Pigeon House Mountain in southern New South Wales north into Queensland.

<i>Leptecophylla</i> Genus of flowering plants

Leptecophylla is a genus of flowering plants in the Epacridaceae family, a subfamily of Ericaceae. The genus is native to southeastern Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands. Some species in this genus were formerly classified within the genera Cyathodes, Lissanthe, Styphelia and Trochocarpa.

<i>Archeria</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Archeria is a small genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. As currently circumscribed the group includes six species, all native to southern Australasia. Four of these are endemic to Tasmania, and the other two endemic to New Zealand.

Cheilotheca is a small genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in the family (Ericaceae). As currently circumscribed the group includes three species.

<i>Dracophyllum longifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Dracophyllum longifolium, commonly called inaka, is an upright shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae that is endemic to New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cneoroideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Cneoroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants that belongs to the family Rutaceae. The subfamilies Dictyolomatoideae and Spathelioideae are now included in the subfamily Cneoroideae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haemanthinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Haemanthinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Haemanthus, and Scadoxus.

<i>Cyathopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cyathopsis is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific and contains three species that have previously been included in Styphelia. It is related to genera such as Leucopogon, Lissanthe and Styphelia.

<i>Trochocarpa gunnii</i> Species of plant

Trochocarpa gunnii, commonly known as sweet-scented trochocarpa or fragrant purpleberry, is a common rainforest understorey shrub from the plant family Ericaceae endemic to Tasmania.

<i>Epacris gnidioides</i> Species of flowering plants

Epacris gnidioides, commonly known as Budawangs cliff-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a small, creeping shrub with hairy branches, sharply-pointed lance-shaped leaves, and tube-shaped, white flowers. Originally described as Rupicola gnidioides, it was at one time regarded as the only species in the genus Budawangia under the synonym Budawangia gnidioides.

Styphelia decussata is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a slender shrub with many branches, overlapping triangular to egg-shaped leaves, and white, tube-shaped flowers arranged singly in upper leaf axils.

<i>Montitega dealbata</i> Species of alpine plant

Montitega dealbata is a dense mat-forming plant native to Tasmania and New Zealand. The whitish underside of the 3–5mm long and 1–2mm wide leaves distinguish this species from the similar alpine plant Pentachondra pumila.

References

  1. 1 2 Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), "Ericales: Epacridoideae", Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, retrieved 2022-10-21
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kron, K.A.; Judd, W.S.; Stevens, P.F.; Crayn, D.M.; Anderberg, A.A.; Gadek, P.A.; Quinn, C.J. & Luteyn, J.L. (2002), "Phylogenetic Classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and Morphological Evidence", Botanical Review, 68 (3): 335–423, doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0335:PCOEMA]2.0.CO;2, JSTOR   4354425, S2CID   35699816
  3. 1 2 Reveal, James L. (2011), "Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium – E", Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium, retrieved 2022-10-21
  4. ↑ Reveal, James L. (2011), "Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium – S", Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium, retrieved 2022-10-21
  5. ↑ Crayn, Darren M.; Kron, Kathleen A. & Potter, Benjamin C.M. (2014), "Typification of some names in Epacridoideae (Ericaceae)", Telopea, Journal of Plant Systematics, 17: 319–321, doi: 10.7751/telopea20147924 , p. 320
  6. ↑ Turland, N.J.; et al., eds. (2018), Article 19. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017 (electronic ed.), Glashütten: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, retrieved 2022-10-21
  7. ↑ McNeill, John & Turland, Nicholas (2005), "Synopsis of Proposals on Botanical Nomenclature - Vienna 2005. A Review of the Proposals concerning the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Submitted to the XVII International Botanical Congress", Taxon, 54 (1): 215–250, doi:10.2307/25065335, JSTOR   25065335 , pp. 224–225
  8. ↑ Crayn, Darren M.; Brown, Elizabeth A. & Powell, Jocelyn M. (2003), "A revision of Lissanthe (Styphelioideae: Ericaceae)", Australian Systematic Botany, 16 (5): 600, doi:10.1071/SB03014
  9. ↑ Quinn, Christopher J.; Brown, Elizabeth A.; Heslewood, Margaret M. & Crayn, Darren M. (2005), "Generic concepts in Styphelieae (Ericaceae): the Cyathodes group", Australian Systematic Botany, 18 (5): 439–454, doi:10.1071/SB05005
  10. ↑ Albrecht, D.E.; Owens, C. T.; Weiller, C. M.; Quinn, C. J. (2010), "Generic concepts in Ericaceae: Styphelioideae: the Monotoca group", Australian Systematic Botany, 23 (5): 320–332, doi:10.1071/SB10009
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