Trochocarpa

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Trochocarpa
Trochocarpa laurina - Elvina Bay.JPG
Trochocarpa laurina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Subfamily: Epacridoideae
Tribe: Styphelieae
Genus: Trochocarpa
R.Br. [1]

Trochocarpa is a genus of about 16 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae [2] native to Australia, New Guinea, Borneo and Malesia. Plants in the genus Trochocarpa are shrubs or small trees, the leaves with more or less parallel veins, flowers in small clusters, each with 5 sepals, petals joined to form a cylindrical or bell-shaped tube, and the fruit a more or less spherical drupe.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Trochocarpa are shrubs or small trees. The leaves are a paler shade on the lower surface and have a few branching, more or less parallel veins visible on the lower surface, and a short petiole. The flowers are borne in small spikes in leaf axils or on the ends of branches on older wood, the flowers sessile with a small bract and 2 bracteoles at the base of the 5 egg-shaped sepals. The petals are joined at the base to form a cylindrical or bell-shaped tube. The stamens protrude from the end of the petal tube with their filaments attached to the tube. The ovary is glabrous with 8 to 11 locules, each locule with one ovule. The fruit is a drupe with a pulpy mesocarp and a hard endocarp. [2] [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Trochocarpa was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen , and the first species he described (the type species) was Trochocarpa laurina . [4] [5] The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek trochos meaning wheel, and carpos meaning "fruit". [6]

Species

The following is a list of Trochocarpa species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at May 2024: [7]

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<i>Dampiera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dampiera is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants in the family Goodeniaceae, all of which are endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Dampiera are subshrubs or herbs with sessile leaves, flowers with five small sepals and blue, violet or pink, rarely white, two-lipped flowers.

Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen is book dealing with the flora of Australia written by botanist Robert Brown and published in 1810. Often referred to as Prodromus Flora Novae Hollandiae, or by its standard botanical abbreviation Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland., it was the first attempt at a survey of the Australian flora. It described over 2040 species, over half of which were published for the first time.

<i>Dipodium</i> Genus of orchids

Dipodium, commonly known as hyacinth orchids, is a genus of about forty species of orchids native to tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of south-east Asia, New Guinea, the Pacific Islands and Australia. It includes both terrestrial and climbing species, some with leaves and some leafless, but all with large, often colourful flowers on tall flowering stems. It is the only genus of its alliance, Dipodium.

<i>Sarcochilus</i> Genus of orchids

Sarcochilus, commonly known as butterfly orchids or fairy bells is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes or lithophytes and usually have short stems, leaves arranged in two rows, and flowers arranged along unbranched flowering stems. Most species are endemic to Australia but some are found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.

<i>Styphelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the heath family Ericaceae

Styphelia is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native from Indo-China through the Pacific to Australia. Most have minute or small leaves with a sharp tip, single, tube-shaped flowers arranged in leaf axils and with the ends of the petals rolled back with hairs in the inside of the tube.

<i>Lissanthe</i> Genus of shrubs

Lissanthe is a genus of about 10 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Lissanthe are small, erect to spreading shrubs with egg-shaped to oblong leaves. Up to 17 bisexual flowers are arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branches, the 5 petals joined at the base to form a cylindrical to urn-shaped tube with triangular lobes.

<i>Cryptostylis</i> Species of orchid

Cryptostylis, commonly known as tongue orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family. Tongue orchids are terrestrial herbs with one to a few stalked leaves at the base of the flowering stem, or leafless. One to a few dull coloured flowers are borne on an erect flowering stem. The most conspicuous part of the flower is the labellum, compared to the much reduced sepals and petals. At least some species are pollinated by wasps when they attempt to mate with the flower. There are about twenty five species found in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.

<i>Persoonia laurina</i> Species of shrub

Persoonia laurina, commonly known as the laurel-leaved or laurel geebung, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae native to central New South Wales in eastern Australia. Found in sclerophyll forest, it grows to a height of 2 metres. The yellow flowers appear in late spring.

<i>Anisomeles</i> Genus of flowering plants

Anisomeles is a genus of herbs of the family Lamiaceae and is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Madagascar, and some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands. Plants in the genus Anisomeles have small, flat, narrow elliptic to narrow e.g.-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, the edges of the leaves sometimes wavy or serrated. The flowers are arranged in groups, with five sepals and five petals in two "lips", the lower lip with three lobes, the middle lobe much longer than the side lobes. There are four stamens that extend beyond the petals and a single style in a depression on top of the ovary. The fruit is a schizocarp with four nutlets containing small seeds.

<i>Chloanthes</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chloanthes is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are shrubs with hairy foliage, blistered or wrinkly leaves and flowers with five petals fused at the base, usually with two "lips".

<i>Stenanthera</i> Genus of plants

Stenanthera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. Most are low shrubs with leaves that are paler on the lower surface, tube-shaped flowers and with the fruit a drupe. There are three species, formerly included in the genus Astroloma.

<i>Prasophyllum alpinum</i> Species of orchid

Prasophyllum alpinum, commonly known as the alpine leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to Tasmania. It was formerly described as occurring in mainland Australia but has smaller flowers than the species occurring there. It has a single, tube-shaped leaf and up to fourteen green to greenish-brown flowers and grows in subalpine areas.

<i>Dendrobium canaliculatum</i> Species of orchid

Dendrobium canaliculatum, commonly known as the brown tea tree orchid or thin tea tree orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has cone-shaped or onion-shaped pseudobulbs, up to six deeply channelled, dark green leaves and up to thirty star-shaped, light brown to caramel-coloured white or greenish to apricot-coloured flowers with darker tips. It grows in tropical North Queensland and New Guinea.

<i>Styphelia propinqua</i> Species of shrub

Styphelia propinqua is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, rigid shrub with linear leaves and white tube-shaped flowers that are bearded inside.

<i>Lechenaultia filiformis</i> Species of flowering plant

Lechenaultia filiformis is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is native to northern Australia and New Guinea. It is a grasslike, ascending herb with scattered, narrow, fleshy leaves and pale purple-blue to creamy-white, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Leucopogon collinus</i> Species of plant

Leucopogon collinus, commonly known as fringed beard-heath, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a slender, erect or spreading shrub with narrowly lance-shaped leaves, and white, tube-shaped, bearded flowers.

<i>Styphelia leptospermoides</i> Species of shrub

Styphelia leptospermoides is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, bushy shrub with elliptic to lance-shaped or oblong leaves, and white, tube-shaped flowers usually arranged singly in upper leaf axils.

<i>Brachyloma ciliatum</i> Species of plant

Brachyloma ciliatum, commonly known as fringed brachyloma or fringed daphne heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a low-lying or erect shrub with upwards-pointing, egg-shaped to oblong leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Goodenia subsolana</i> Species of plant

Goodenia subsolana is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a perennial herb with toothed, lance-shaped leaves, yellow flowers on an ascending to low-lying flower stem, and more or less spherical fruit containing round to elliptic seeds.

References

  1. "Trochocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  2. 1 2 Wiecek, Barbara. "Trochocarpa". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  3. Albrecht, David E. "Trochocarpa". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  4. "Trochocarpa". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  5. Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis 1802-1805. London. p. 548. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  6. Wapstra, Mark (2010). Tasmanian plant names unravelled. Launceston, Tasmania: Fullers Bookshop Pty Ltd. p. 126. ISBN   9780980472028.
  7. "Trochocarpa". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 May 2024.