| Erysimum collinum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | Erysimum |
| Species: | E. collinum |
| Binomial name | |
| Erysimum collinum | |
Erysimum collinum is a plant species in the family Brassicaceae. It is a member of the genus Erysimum , which includes between 150 and 350 species in the Northern Hemisphere. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Erysimum collinum is a biennial species. Plants are typically branching at the base, with 1-7 stems at the time of flowering. Leaves (length 14–50 mm, width 2–11 mm) are covered in hairs and are narrower at the base. Flowers are yellow with glabrous petals 6–11 mm long and 2–4 mm wide. There are 30-60 flowers in the main raceme. Seed pods are 56–95 mm long, 1.3–2 mm wide, square with non-obvious edges, and aligned parallel to the flower stalk. Flower stalks are rounded and 500 – 820 mm tall at the time of seed set. [3] [5] [10]
Erysimum collinum is native to southeastern Russia, Armenia, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and Iran, where it grows at altitudes from 700 to 1390 m. [5] Habitats where E. collinum is found include cultivated fields, river banks, and rocky areas.
In a 2014 taxonomic revision, E. aucherianum, E. gayanum, E. gracile, and E. passgalense are considered to be the same species as E. collinum. [3] The revised species has both diploid (2n = 14) and hexaploid (2n = 42) members. [5] Based on sequence comparisons of expressed genes in 48 Erysimum species, E. collinum is most closely related to E. crassipes and E. crassicaule. [11]
The genus Erysimum is known for containing two major classes of defensive metabolites: glucosinolates, which are characteristic of all Brassicaceae, and cardiac glycosides (cardenolides), which are found only within the genus Erysimum. [12] However, unlike other analyzed members of the genus Erysimum , E. collinum contains only trace amounts of cardiac glycosides (cardenolides). [11] Nevertheless, extracts of E. collinum showed some inhibitory activity of the mammalian sodium-potassium ATPase pump (Na+/K+-ATPase), the main molecular target of cardenolides. [11]
The most abundant glucosinolate in E. collinum is glucoerypestrin (3-methoxycarbonylpropyl glucosinolate), [11] which has been reported only within the genus Erysimum, [13] including also in the species E. repandum (syn. E. pulchellum), E. odoratum, and E. ochroleucum. [11] [13] [14] [15] Other glucosinolates found in E. collinum are indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl glucosinolate, 2-methylpropyl glucosinolate, and n-methylbutyl glucosinolate. [11]
Erysimum, or wallflower, is a genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae. It includes more than 150 species, both popular garden plants and many wild forms. The genus Cheiranthus is sometimes included here in whole or in part. Erysimum has since the early 21st century been ascribed to a monogeneric cruciferous tribe, Erysimeae, characterised by sessile, stellate (star-shaped) and/or malpighiaceous (two-sided) trichomes, yellow to orange flowers and multiseeded siliques.
Erysimum nevadense is a perennial short-lived herb endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, although there are some citations in the nearby Sierra de Gádor (Almería). This wallflower occurs between 1,700 and 2,700 m above sea level in subalpine scrublands and alpine meadows. It may be treated as a narrowly circumscribed single species, one of a group or complex of six separate species, or as a more broadly circumscribed species with six subspecies.
Erysimum cheiranthoides, the treacle-mustard,wormseed wallflower, or wormseed mustard is a species of Erysimum native to most of central and northern Europe and northern and central Asia. Like other Erysimum species, E. cheiranthoides accumulates two major classes of defensive chemicals: glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides.
Erysimum redowskii, synonym Erysimum pallasii, known as Pallas' wallflower, is a low shrub or mid shrub species from the Arctic. It has purple flowers that do not reflect UV.
The Bald Mountain Range is a mountain range in Sierra County, California, and is one of the locations where the Washoe Pine is found.
Symmetromphalus hageni is a species of sea snail in the family Neomphalidae.
Scissurella reticulata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.
Scissurella rota is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.
Drymocallis rupestris, the rock cinquefoil, is a small plant of Eurasia.
Papuadytes desii is a species of predacious water beetle from the family Dytiscidae which is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
Papuadytes fume is a species of predacious water beetle from the family Dytiscidae which is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
Helcomeria is a genus of coreid bug found in Asia. The genus was established on the basis of the species described as Petascelis spinosus by Signoret in 1851. Helcomeria spinosa is found in China in Yunnan, in Tibet, in India, Bhutan, Myanmar and Laos. The second species in the genus H. osheai is found south of Laos.
Erysimum crepidifolium, the pale wallflower, is a plant species in the crucifer family, Brassicaceae. It is a member of the genus Erysimum, which includes between 150 and 350 species in the Northern Hemisphere.
Didymocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae and typical of the tribe Didymocarpeae. There are about 100 known species distributed in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and the Malay Peninsula, with one species extending up to northern Sumatra. Some members of the genus are known for their medicinal properties, especially to cure diseases related to the kidneys.
Helotrephidae is a family of aquatic bugs found mainly in the tropical regions with many species in the Oriental Realm and a few from Africa, Madagascar and South America. These bugs are found swimming or walking amid submerged vegetation in stagnant or slow moving, shaded freshwater in forest habitats. They are a sister group of the Pleidae.
Tygarrup is a genus of centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae, found mainly in southeast Asia and from the Seychelles to Hawaii. Although species in this genus can have either 43 or 45 leg-bearing segments, most of these species have 45 leg pairs. An undescribed Tygarrup species found in the Andaman Islands has 43 leg pairs. Centipedes in this genus range from 2 cm to 6 cm in length. Tygarrup javanicus is one of the smallest of the mecistocephalid species and has become an invasive in greenhouses in Europe.
Tridacna squamosina is a species of the Tridacna genus, the giant clams. These animals are bivalve mollusks belonging to the family Cardiidae identified by Sturany 1899.
Diospyros arupaj is a species of flowering plant in the ebony family Ebenaceae, native to Amazonas, Brazil. A tree reaching 16 m (52 ft), it is found in igapó forests.
Diospyros domarkind is a species of flowering plant in the ebony and persimmon family Ebenaceae, native to Colombia. Preferring to grow in wet tropical areas, it is a tree reaching 12 m (39 ft) with pinkish bark.
Securidaca dolod is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygalaceae, native to Peru. It is a rainforest liana, reaching 25 m (82 ft) into the canopy.