Orhan Ghazi was the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1323/4 to 1362. He was born in Söğüt, as the son of Osman I.
Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Persia in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast. The Venetian and Genoese merchants paid visits to Trabzon during the medieval period and sold silk, linen and woolen fabric. Both republics had merchant colonies within the city – Leonkastron and the former "Venetian castle" – that played a role to Trabzon similar to the one Galata played to Constantinople. Trabzon formed the basis of several states in its long history and was the capital city of the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 and 1461. During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus.
The Karamanids, also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman, was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
The Candar dynasty, also known as the Isfendiyar dynasty, was an Oghuz Turkic princely Anatolian dynasty that reigned in the territories corresponding to the provinces of Eflani, Kastamonu, Sinop, Zonguldak, Bartın, Karabük, Samsun, Bolu, Ankara and Çankırı in present-day Turkey from the year 1291 to 1461. The region was known in Western literature as Paphlagonia, a name applied to the same geographical area during the Roman period.
Anatolian beyliks were small principalities in Anatolia governed by beys, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the latter half of the 13th century.
Giresun Province is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Its adjacent provinces are Trabzon to the east, Gümüşhane to the southeast, Erzincan to the south, Sivas to the southwest, and Ordu to the west. Its area is 6,972 km2, and its population is 450,862 (2022). The provincial capital is Giresun. Its license-plate code is 28.
Trabzon Province is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Its area is 4,628 km2, and its population is 818,023 (2022). Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade port cities in Anatolia. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun to the west, Gümüşhane to the southwest, Bayburt to the southeast and Rize to the east. Aziz Yıldırım was appointed Governor of the province in August 2023. The capital of the province is Trabzon.
Giresun, formerly Cerasus, is a city in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey, about 175 km (109 mi) west of the city of Trabzon. It is the seat of Giresun Province and Giresun District. It has a population of 125,682 (2022).
Alucra is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 130 km (81 mi) from the city of Giresun. It is the seat of Alucra District. Its population is 3,945 (2022). It was a district of Şebinkarahisar province between 1924 and 1933.
Bulancak is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, near the city of Giresun. Its former name is Terastios. It is the seat of Bulancak District. Its population is 49,053 (2022).
Çamoluk is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çamoluk District. Its population is 2,985 (2022).
Eynesil is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, east of the city of Giresun, towards Trabzon. It is the seat of Eynesil District. Its population is 7,083 (2022).
Görele is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of eastern Turkey. It is the seat of Görele District. Its population is 18,725 (2022).
Tirebolu, is a town in Giresun Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Tirebolu District. Its population is 20,671 (2022).
Perşembe is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 217 km2, and its population is 30,101 (2022). The town lies on the Black Sea coast at an elevation of 20 m (66 ft).
Hacı Topal Osman Ağa also known as Osman the Lame, was a Turkish officer, a militia leader of the National Forces, a volunteer regiment commander of the Turkish army during the Turkish War of Independence who eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was a perpetrator of the Armenian and Pontic genocides.
Beyliks of Canik was a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponyme Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.
Hacı İlbey was an Ottoman commander during the early years of the empire.
Beylik of Tacettin was a small Turkmen principality in Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Beylik of Hacıemir was a beylik (lordship) in the north Anatolia in a part of 14th and 15th centuries. The historical documents about the beylik are scarce. In some documents the beylik was named Bayramoğulları and in other Hacıemiroğulları. Actually Hacıemir was Bayram's son. In contemporary Greek documents the name of the beylik was Chalybia, after the ancient Chalybes people who lived in the area.
