Ethyl chloroformate

Last updated
Ethyl chloroformate [1]
Ethyl chloroformate 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl carbonochloridate
Other names
  • Cathyl chloride
  • Chloroformic acid ethyl ester
  • Ethyl chlorocarbonate
  • TL-423
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.981 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 208-778-5
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • LQ6125000
UNII
UN number 1182
  • InChI=1S/C3H5ClO2/c1-2-6-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C3H5ClO2/c1-2-6-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3
    Key: RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYAX
  • ClC(=O)OCC
Properties
ClCO2CH2CH3
Molar mass 108.52 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless liquid
Odor Like hydrochloric acid [2]
Density 1.1403 g/cm3
Melting point −81 °C (−114 °F; 192 K)
Boiling point 95 °C (203 °F; 368 K)
Decomposes
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive
Flammable
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Danger
H225, H302, H314, H330
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
4
3
0
W
Flash point 61 °C (142 °F; 334 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ethyl chloroformate is an organic compound with the chemical formula ClCO2CH2CH3. It is the ethyl ester of chloroformic acid. It is a colorless, corrosive and highly toxic liquid. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the ethyl carbamate protecting group [3] and for the formation of carboxylic anhydrides.

Contents

Preparation

Ethyl chloroformate can be prepared using ethanol and phosgene:

Synthesis Ethylchloroformiate A.svg

Safety

Ethyl chloroformate is a highly toxic, flammable, corrosive substance. It causes severe burns when comes in contact with eyes and/or skin, can be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. [4]

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index , 11th Edition, 3742.
  2. ↑ "SAFETY DATA SHEET". Sigma-Aldrich . Retrieved November 27, 2025.
  3. ↑ Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Theodora W. Greene and Peter G. M. Wuts, pages 504-506, ISBN   0-471-16019-9
  4. ↑ PubChem. "Ethyl chloroformate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-04.
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