Etonogestrel implant

Etonogestrel subcutaneous implant
Background
Type	?
First use	?
Trade names	Nexplanon
Pregnancy rates (first year)
Perfect use	?
Typical use	?
Usage
Duration effect	3 years
Reversibility	Immediately reversible
User reminders	?
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protection	No

The etonogestrel implant, also called the contraceptive implant, or known by trade names Nexplanon or Implanon is one type of progestin-releasing birth control device implanted under the skin. It is approved for up to three years of use, but may be effective for up to five years. ^[1]

Medical uses

The etonogestrel implant is used to prevent pregnancy for up to three years. It is not typically used to control heavy or abnormal menstrual bleeding. It is safe and effective in people who have previously been pregnant, are breastfeeding, or have never been pregnant. ^[2] There is no known decrease in efficacy in people with overweight or obesity. ^[3]

Contraindications

There are very few relative or absolute contraindications to the etonogestrel implant. Active hepatocellular carcinoma and a history of breast cancer more than 5 years prior to insertion are listed as relative contraindications. Active breast cancer is listed as an absolute contraindication. ^[2]

Side effects

Rarely, the device may migrate out of its typical location under the skin of the upper arm. As of June 2024, 148 cases of migration were reported in the medical literature, including to the pulmonary vessels, other blood vessels, and outside of the blood vessels. ^[4]

References

1. Bradshaw, Karen D.; Corton, Marlene M.; Halvorson, Lisa M.; Hoffman, Barbara L.; Schaffer, Marlene; Schorge, John O., eds. (2016). Williams Gynecology. McGraw-Hill's AccessMedicine (3rd ed.). New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. ISBN   978-0-07-184909-8.
2. Nguyen, Antoinette T. (2024). "U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 73 (4): 1–126. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1. ISSN   1057-5987. PMC   11315372 . PMID   39106314.
3. Goto, Daisuke; Grunden, John W.; Klinghardt, Moritz; Patel, Vanessa Perez; von Stockum, Sophia; Barnett, Clare; Bitzer, Johannes (2024-12-30). "Effectiveness of the etonogestrel subdermal implant in users with overweight and obesity: a systematic literature review". BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health: bmjsrh–2024–202424. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2024-202424 . ISSN   2515-2009. PMID   39461741.
4. Guilbert, Édith; Arguin, Hélène; Bélanger, Mathieu (June 2024). "Migration of etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implants: systematic review and recommendations for practice". The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. 29 (3): 115–130. doi:10.1080/13625187.2024.2342919. ISSN   1473-0782. PMID   38712717.