Euopisthobranchia

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Euopisthobranchia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Infraclass: Euthyneura
Clade: Euopisthobranchia
Jörger et al., 2010 [1]
Taxonomic subdivisions

See text

Euopisthobranchia is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.

Contents

This clade was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al. in October 2010. [1] Euopisthobranchia is a monophyletic portion of the Opisthobranchia as that taxon was traditionally defined but is not a replacement name for that group as several marine opisthobranch orders including Nudibranchia, Sacoglossa and Acochlidiacea are not included. [1]

Euopisthobranchia consist of the following taxa: [1]

Gizzard

Previous studies discussed the gizzard (i.e. a muscular oesophageal crop lined with cuticula) with gizzard plates as homologous apomorphic structures supporting a clade composed of Cephalaspidea s.s., Pteropoda and Anaspidea. [1] A gizzard with gizzard plates probably originated in herbivorous taxa in which it worked like a grinding mill, thus might be secondarily reduced in carnivorous groups within Cephalaspidea s.s. and Gymnosomata. [1] Klussmann-Kolb and Dinapoli considered the gizzard in Umbraculoidea as non-homologous with the one in the previous groups, on account of the absence of gizzard plates or spines. [1] This contradicted Salvini-Plawen and Steiner, who had proposed the gizzard to be a synapomorphy of the larger clade of Paratectibranchia (Pteropoda, Cephalaspidea and Anaspidea) and Eleutherobranchia, secondarily lost in Nudipleura but still present in Umbraculoidea. [1] As coded in Wägele and Klussmann-Kolb, phylogenetic hypothesis by Jörger et al. (2010) [1] supports homology of the gizzard in Umbraculoidea with the gizzard with gizzard plates and spines in the other euopisthobranchian taxa. [1] Thus, the structure is proposed as a synapomorphy of Euopisthobranchia. [1]

Cladogram

A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of the Heterobranchia as proposed by Jörger et al. (2010): [1]

Heterobranchia

Lower Heterobranchia (including Acteonoidea) - Lower Heterobranchia does not form a clade in the study by Jörger et al. (2010): [1]

Euthyneura
Nudipleura

Pleurobranchomorpha

Nudibranchia

Euopisthobranchia

Umbraculoidea

Runcinacea

Anaspidea

Pteropoda (pteropods include two clades: Gymnosomata and Thecosomata)

Cephalaspidea s.s.

Panpulmonata

Siphonarioidea

Sacoglossa

Glacidorboidea

Amphiboloidea

Pyramidelloidea

Hygrophila

Acochlidiacea

Eupulmonata

Stylommatophora

Systellommatophora

Ellobioidea

Otinoidea

Trimusculoidea

See also

Related Research Articles

Anaspidea suborder of molluscs

The clade Anaspidea, commonly known as sea hares, are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamilies Aplysioidea and Akeroidea.

Opisthobranchia infraclass of molluscs

Opisthobranchs is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping.

Heterobranchia superorder of molluscs

Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs, is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.

Cephalaspidea suborder of molluscs

The clade Cephalaspidea, also known as the headshield slugs and bubble snails, is a major taxon of sea slugs and bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the larger clade Euopisthobranchia. Bubble shells is another common name for these families of marine gastropods, some of which have thin bubble-like shells. This clade contains more than 600 species.

Acteonoidea superfamily of molluscs

Acteonoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.

Pulmonata order of molluscs

Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", is an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

Basommatophora suborder of molluscs

Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda, whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" was used.

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks. The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal Malacologia. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain.

Pyramidelloidea superfamily of molluscs

Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.

Euthyneura clade of molluscs

Euthyneura is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes species from freshwater, marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia.

Lower Heterobranchia taxon of molluscs

Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, within the subclass Heterobranchia.

Nudipleura

Nudipleura are a clade of sea snails and sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia.

Acochlidiacea Order of molluscs

Acochlidiacea, common name acochlidians, are a taxonomic clade of very unusual sea snails and sea and freshwater slugs, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the large clade Heterobranchia. Acochlidia is a variant spelling.

Siphonarioidea superfamily of molluscs

Siphonarioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Panpulmonata.

Umbraculoidea superfamily of molluscs

Umbraculoidea is a superfamily of unusual false limpets with a thin soft patelliform shell, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Umbraculida, within the clade Euopisthobranchia.

Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily or a clade Runcinaecea of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Euopisthobranchia.

Hygrophila (gastropod) clade of molluscs

Hygrophila is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.

This overview lists proposed changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snails and slugs are classified.

Panpulmonata clade of molluscs

Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.

Architectibranchia is a clade of marine snails, gastropod molluscs.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference. [1]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323.