Euprox

Euprox Temporal range: Mid - Late Miocene
Fossil of Euprox sp..
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Genus:	† Euprox Stehlin, 1928
Type species
†Euprox furcatus Hensel, 1859 (As Prox furcatus)
Species [1]
E. altusWang & Zhang, 2011 E. dicranocerusKaup, 1839 E. furcatus E. grandisHou, 2015 E. margaritaeVislobokova, 1983 E. minimusToula, 1884 E. robustusDong, Liu & Pan, 2003
Synonyms
Prox

Euprox is an extinct genus of deer that lived in Eurasia during the Miocene epoch.

Taxonomy

The type species Euprox furcatus was originally under the genus Prox, but that name was already taken. Depéret assigned it to the related genus Dicrocerus in 1887, before it was assigned to its current placement in 1928. ^[2] Euprox dicranocerus and Euprox minimus were transferred to the genus soon after; they were originally described as Cervus dicranocerus and Dicracerus minimus, respectively. ^[3]

Description

Euprox was some of the earliest types of deer known to have true antlers. ^[4] It would have resembled a muntjac in size and appearance, standing at up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in height.

Antler of Euprox furcatus

The antlers of Euprox were short, with two small prongs projecting from the main branch. Euprox is notable for being the earliest deer to possess the presence of a real burr, which are indicative of the border between permanent and deciduous segments of deer antlers. ^[5] It possessed brachydont teeth. ^[4] The environment that Euprox inhabited would have been warm and humid, with many tropical forests. ^{[4] [6]}

Palaeobiology

Palaeoecology

The brachydont dentition of Euprox suggests it likely fed on leaves. ^[4] Paired measurements of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹⁸O_CO3, and δ¹³C derived from the tooth enamel of E. furcatus indicate that it was a subcanopy browser. ^[7] Paired dental mesowear and microwear of E. furcatus from the locality of Arroyo de Val 4 suggests that it was a browse-dominated mixed feeder, partitioning resources with Heteroprox larteti , whose dental wear patterns from the same site evidence that it exhibited a greater reliance on grass than E. furcatus. ^[8]

References

1. "Euprox". Biolib.
2. Głazek, J. (1971). "Miocene vertebrate faunas from Przeworno (Lower Silesia) and their geological setting". Acta Geologica Polonica. 21 (3).
3. Hou, S. (2014). "A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment". Zootaxa. 3911 (1): 43–62. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.2. PMID   25661595.
4. Dong, W.; Liu, J.; Pan, Y. (2003). "A new Euprox from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment" (PDF). Chinese Science Bulletin. 48 (5): 485–491. Bibcode:2003ChSBu..48..485D. doi:10.1007/BF03183257. S2CID   140586480.
5. Agustí, Jordi; Antón, Mauricio (2002). Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Columbia University Press. p. 141. ISBN   9780231116411.
6. "New cervid species found in middle miocene of Nei Mongol, China". Phys.org. Institute of Vertebrae Paleontology and Paleoanthropology.
7. Aiglstorfer, Manuela; Bocherens, Hervé; Böhme, Madelaine (18 February 2014). "Large mammal ecology in the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria)" . Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94 (1): 189–213. Bibcode:2014PdPe...94..189A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5. ISSN   1867-1594 . Retrieved 27 November 2024– via Springer Nature Link.
8. DeMiguel, Daniel; Azanza, Beatriz; Morales, Jorge (15 March 2011). "Paleoenvironments and paleoclimate of the Middle Miocene of central Spain: A reconstruction from dental wear of ruminants". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology . 302 (3–4): 452–463. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.02.005 . Retrieved 18 December 2025– via Elsevier Science Direct.