Eye neoplasm

Last updated
Eye neoplasm
Eye with a melanotic sarcoma Wellcome L0061861.jpg
Melanotic sarcoma through the conjunctiva and sclerotic along the lower border of the cornea.
Specialty Oncology

An eye neoplasm is a tumor of the eye. [1] A rare type of tumor, [2] eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can either be benign or malignant (cancerous), in which case it is known as eye cancer. [3] Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) or metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. [2] Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.

Contents

Types

Tumors in the eye and orbit can be benign like dermoid cysts, or malignant like rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma.

Malignant

The most common eyelid tumor is called basal cell carcinoma. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include squamous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common orbital malignancy is orbital lymphoma . This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[ citation needed ]

Adults

Children

  • The most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is retinoblastoma, affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America. Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%. [4]
  • The second most common is medulloepithelioma (also called diktyoma) which can occur in the ciliary body and the uvea of the eye.

Benign

Orbital dermoid cysts are benign choristomas which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.[ citation needed ]

Signs and symptoms

Diagnosis

Classification

Choroidal tumors

Conjunctival tumors

Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure. Conjunctival carcinoma - 6.jpg
Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.

Treatment

Ocular oncology

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa.

Ocular oncology takes into consideration that the primary requirement for patients is preservation of life by removal of the tumor, along with best efforts directed at preservation of useful vision, followed by cosmetic appearance. The treatment of ocular tumors is generally a multi-specialty effort, requiring coordination between the ophthalmologist, medical oncologist, radiation specialist, head & neck surgeon/ENT surgeon, pediatrician/internal medicine/hospitalist and a multidisciplinary team of support staff and nurses.[ citation needed ]

References

  1. "Neoplasm of the eye". MedGen. NCBI.
  2. 1 2 Houghton, Odette; Gordon, Kathleen (2020). "Ocular Tumors". Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. pp. 968–998.e9. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-47674-4.00064-5. ISBN   978-0-323-47674-4.
  3. "Ocular cancer". MedGen. NCBI.
  4. Kim, Jonathan W; Abramson, David H; Dunkel, Ira J (2007). "Current Management Strategies for Intraocular Retinoblastoma". Drugs. 67 (15): 2173–2185. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767150-00005. PMID   17927283.
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  11. "The Nevus of Ota - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  12. "Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  13. "Epibulbar Dermoid - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  14. "General Information: Malignant Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  15. "Lymphoma of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  16. "Melanoma and PAM with Atypia - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  17. "Pigmented Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  18. "Pingueculum - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  19. "Pterygium - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  20. "Squamous Carcinoma and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Archived from the original on 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  21. Selby, B. P.; Sakas, G.; Walter, S.; Groch, W. -D.; Stilla, U. (2007). "Pose Estimation of Eyes for Particle Beam Treatment of Tumors". Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2007. Informatik aktuell. pp. 368–373. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71091-2_74. ISBN   978-3-540-71090-5.