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Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. In 2016, the description and members of this family were emended based on comparative genomic analyses by Adeolu et al.
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane.
Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria. Acetic acid bacteria are characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. Of these, the genus Acetobacter is distinguished by the ability to oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. Bacteria of the genus Acetobacter have been isolated from industrial vinegar fermentation processes and are frequently used as fermentation starter cultures.
The Aquificota phylum is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. The name Aquificota was given to this phylum based on an early genus identified within this group, Aquifex, which is able to produce water by oxidizing hydrogen. They have been found in springs, pools, and oceans. They are autotrophs, and are the primary carbon fixers in their environments. These bacteria are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods. They are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea.
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
Chrysiogenaceae is a family of bacteria.
The Hyphomicrobiaceae are a family of bacteria. Among others, they include Rhodomicrobium, a genus of purple bacteria.
The Thermotogota are a phylum of the domain Bacteria. The phylum Thermotogota is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria.
In taxonomy, Rhodothalassium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known.
Dehalococcoidia is a class of Chloroflexota, a phylum of Bacteria. It is also known as the DHC group.
The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Bacillota, they are Gram-negative. The phylogeny of this order was initially determined by 16S rRNA comparisons. More recently, molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been found specific for all Selenomonadales species. On the basis of these markers, the Selenomonadales are inclusive of two distinct families, and are no longer the sole order within the Negativicutes. Several CSIs have also been found specific for both families, Sporomusaceae and Selenomonadceae. Samples of bacterial strains within this order have been isolated from the root canals of healthy human teeth.
Thermolithobacteria is a class of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria within phylum Bacillota. Species within this class are thermophilic lithotrophs isolated from sediment in Calcite Springs in Yellowstone National Park. Thermolithobacter ferrireducens strain JW/KA-2(T) metabolism consists of the oxidation of hydrogen gas and reduction of ferric oxide to magnetite. Thermolithobacter carboxydivorans strain R1(T) is hydrogenic and oxidizes carbon monoxide.
The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinomycetota phylum. Species within this group are nonsporulating, strict or facultative anaerobes that are capable of thriving in a diverse set of ecological niches. Gordonibacter species are the only members capable of motility by means of flagella within the class. Several species within the Coriobacteriia class have been implicated with human diseases that range in severity. Atopobium, Olsenella, and Cryptobacterium species have responsible for human oral infections including periodontitis, halitosis, and other endodontic infections. Eggerthella species have been associated with severe blood bacteraemia and ulcerative colitis.
Flexithrix is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species which first has been isolated from marine mud. Flammeovirga produce zeaxanthin, poly-β-D-glutamic acid and poly-β-L-glutamine.
Perexilibacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species.
Reichenbachiella is a chemoorganotrophic and strictly aerobic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae. this bacteria genus is named after the German microbiologist Hans Reichenbach.
Roseivirga echinicomitans is a species of Gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the family Flammeovirgaceae. It is a strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, pink-pigmented, non-motile bacterium from the genus Roseivirga. It was first isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
Imperialibacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species.
References
- 1 2 Yoon J, Adachi K, Park S, Kasai H, Yokota A (2011). "Aureibacter tunicatorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a coral reef sea squirt, and description of Flammeovirgaceae fam. nov". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 61 (Pt 10): 2342–2347. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.027573-0 . PMID 21037036.
- 1 2 Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Flammeovirgaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 25, 2021.
- ↑ Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (D.R. Boone and R.W. Castenholz, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York (2001). pp. 465-466.
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