The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST),science operations and mission operations center for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST),and science operations center for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. STScI was established in 1981 as a community-based science center that is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). STScI's offices are located on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus and in the Rotunda building in Baltimore,Maryland.
In astronomy,first light is the first use of a telescope to take an astronomical image after it has been constructed. This is often not the first viewing using the telescope;optical tests will probably have been performed to adjust the components.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy. As the largest telescope in space,it is equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments,allowing it to view objects too old,distant,or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology,such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies,and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets.
James Edwin Webb was an American government official who served as Undersecretary of State from 1949 to 1952. He was the second Administrator of NASA from February 14,1961,to October 7,1968. Webb led NASA from the beginning of the Kennedy administration through the end of the Johnson administration,thus overseeing each of the critical first crewed missions throughout the Mercury and Gemini programs until days before the launch of the first Apollo mission. He also dealt with the Apollo 1 fire.
Andrew Maurice Gold was an American multi-instrumentalist,singer,songwriter,and record producer who influenced much of the Los Angeles-dominated pop/soft rock sound in the 1970s. Gold performed on scores of records by other artists,especially Linda Ronstadt,and had his own success with the U.S. top 40 hits "Lonely Boy" (1977) and "Thank You for Being a Friend" (1978),as well as the UK top five hit "Never Let Her Slip Away" (1978). In the 1980s,he had further international chart success as one half of Wax,a collaboration with 10cc's Graham Gouldman.
10cc are an English rock band formed in Stockport in 1972. The group initially consisted of four musicians —Graham Gouldman,Eric Stewart,Kevin Godley and Lol Creme —who had written and recorded together since 1968. All four members contributed to songwriting,working together in various permutations. Godley and Creme’s songwriting has been described as being inspired by art and cinema. Every member of 10cc was a multi-instrumentalist,singer,writer and producer. Most of the band's records were recorded at their own Strawberry Studios (North) in Stockport and Strawberry Studios (South) in Dorking,with most of those engineered by Stewart.
Pleasant Dreams is the sixth studio album by the American punk rock band Ramones,released on July 20,1981,through Sire Records. While the band members wanted Steve Lillywhite to produce,Sire chose Graham Gouldman in an attempt to gain popularity through a well-known producer. The recording process brought about many conflicts between band members,most notably the strife between Joey Ramone and Johnny Ramone,due to Johnny starting a relationship with Joey's girlfriend. There were also disputes about the overall direction of the album,with Johnny leaning towards hard rock and Joey towards pop punk. Ultimately,the album incorporated high production values and varying musical styles,straying from traditional punk rock on songs such as "We Want the Airwaves","She's a Sensation" and "Come On Now". It is the first Ramones album not to feature any cover songs.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is an international 21st-century space observatory that was launched on 25 December 2021. It is intended to be the premier observatory of the 2020s,combining the largest mirror yet on a near-infrared space telescope with a suite of technologically advanced instruments from around the world.
Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS) is an instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that combines a Fine Guidance Sensor and a science instrument,a near-infrared imager and a spectrograph. The FGS/NIRISS was designed by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and built by Honeywell as part of an international project to build a large infrared space telescope with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA). FGS-NIRISS observes light from the wavelengths of 0.8 to 5.0 microns. The instrument has four different observing modes.
Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is a component of the James Webb Space Telescope,a large international infrared space telescope launched on 25 December 2021. ISIM is the heart of the JWST,and holds the main science payload which includes four science instruments and the fine guidance sensor.
Optical Telescope Element (OTE) is a sub-section of the James Webb Space Telescope,a large infrared space telescope launched on 25 December 2021,consisting of its main mirror,secondary mirrors,the framework and controls to support the mirrors,and various thermal and other systems.
The OTE Pathfinder,or James Webb Space Telescope Pathfinder,is a technology demonstrator and test article for the James Webb Space Telescope. It is a non-flight replica of the actual backplane,but only includes the center section,not the two "wings" on the side that extend and have additional segments on the actual JWST. It has been used for various tests and has some different configurations,but some of the major tests have been practicing installing mirror segments with non-flight hardware as well as thermal tests. The Pathfinder has also been tested in conjunction with flight hardware including the Aft Optics System. One of the goals and uses of the pathfinder is risk reduction for JWST program. The pathfinder allows practicing integration and testing procedures,and for risk mitigation With the Pathfinder it was possible to test phasing two mirrors together and also to do tests with the Aft Optical System. The OTE Pathfinder was part of the plan for integration and testing of JWST,and in particular supported the Optical Telescope Element.
Amber Nicole Straughn is an American astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center where she serves as the deputy project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope,responsible for science communications. Her research focuses on interacting and star-forming galaxies in the context of galaxy assembly. She is also the associate director of the Astrophysics Science Division.
Clever Clogs is a live and video album by 10cc released in 2008.
Webb's First Deep Field is the first operational image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The deep-field photograph,which covers a tiny area of sky visible from the Southern Hemisphere,is centered on SMACS 0723,a galaxy cluster in the constellation of Volans. Thousands of galaxies are visible in the image,some as old as 13 billion years. It is the highest-resolution image of the early universe ever taken. Captured by the telescope's Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam),the image was revealed to the public by NASA on 11 July 2022.
SMACS J0723.3–7327,commonly referred to as SMACS 0723,is a galaxy cluster about 4 billion light years from Earth,within the southern constellation of Volans. It is a patch of sky visible from the Southern Hemisphere on Earth and often observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and other telescopes in search of the deep past. It was the target of the first full-color image to be unveiled by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST),imaged using NIRCam,with spectra included,showing objects lensed by the cluster with redshifts implying they are 13.1 billion years old. The cluster has been previously observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as part of the Southern MAssive Cluster Survey (SMACS),as well as Planck and Chandra.
GLASS-z12 is a Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam in July 2022. Spectroscopic observations of GLASS-z12 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2022 confirmed that the galaxy has a spectroscopic redshift of 12.117±0.012,making it one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered,dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang,13.6 billion years ago. ALMA observations detected an emission line associated with doubly ionized oxygen at 258.7 GHz with a significance of 5σ,suggesting that there is very low dust content in GLASS-z12,if not the early universe as well. Also based on oxygen-related measurements,the age of the galaxy is confirmed.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed primarily to conduct infrared astronomy. Its complex launch and commissioning process lasted from late 2021 until mid-2022.
CEERS-93316 is a high-redshift galaxy with a spectroscopic redshift z=4.9. Significantly,the redshift that was initially reported was photometric and would have made CEERS-93316 the earliest and most distant known galaxy observed.
"Shadows of Love" is a song by new wave duo Wax,released by RCA in 1986 as the third single from their debut studio album Magnetic Heaven. The song was written by band members Andrew Gold and Graham Gouldman,and produced by Phil Thornalley.
