UNCOVER-BD-1

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UNCOVER-BD-1
UNCOVER-BD-1 and BD-2 NIRCam.jpg
UNCOVER-BD-1 (labelled BD-1 at the bottom) and UNCOVER-BD-2 (labelled BD-2 at the top) with the James Webb Space Telescope
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Sculptor
Right ascension 00h 14m 09.00723075s
Declination −30° 22′ 12.6039275″
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage brown dwarf
Spectral type T2.5 ± 1 [1] or sdT1 [2]
Astrometry
Distance aprx. 14700 ly or
aprx. 15700  ly
(4500 ± 1200 [2] pc
4764+568
−130 [1]   pc)
Details
Mass 4.9+0.3
−0.2 [1]   MJup
Radius 1.52±0.02 [1]   RJup
Luminosity (bolometric)10−4.236+0.028
−0.020 [1]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.75 ± 0.25 [1] or
5.0 [2]   cgs
Temperature 1300 ± 50 [1]   K
Metallicity −1.0 [2]
Age 6.741+0.070
−0.055 [1]   Gyr
Other designations
A2744-BD1, [BBL2024] UNCOVER-BD-1, MSA ID 32265, J00140901-3022126
Database references
SIMBAD data

UNCOVER-BD-1 (also known as Abell2744-BD1, A2744-BD1) is a distant brown dwarf. It is the most distant T dwarf discovered to date (about 4.5 or 4.8 kpc). [1] [2]

UNCOVER-BD-1 was discovered [1] [2] in a deep James Webb Space Telescope field called UNCOVER (Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization), which targets the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and is primarily used to study galaxies. As the name says, the UNCOVER team used NIRCam to take images and NIRSpec multiobject prism spectroscopy to take spectra of any object detected in the field. [3] The object was independently discovered by two teams. Both teams also discovered two other distant T-dwarfs. [1] [2]

Langeroodi & Hjorth concluded from its position and distance that UNCOVER-BD-1 likely is located outside the thin disk of the Milky Way. [1] Burgasser et al. found a high probability (76%) of it being a thick disk member, and a moderate probability (24%) of it being a halo member. This team also found that it is likely a subdwarf and comparison with the extreme subdwarf WISEA 1810−1010 produced a better fit to the widened 1.1 μm absorption feature. This could also mean that UNCOVER-BD-1 is colder and closer than currently estimated. The spectrum in their work has several absorption features from molecules labelled. Those are methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO) and collision induced absorption by hydrogen molecules (H2). [2] Langeroodi & Hjorth find a low mass of around 5 MJ, but they also do not consider it as a subdwarf, [1] which might influence the estimates of physical properties. [2] [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown dwarf</span> Type of substellar object larger than a planet

Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars. Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter (MJ)—not big enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen (1H) into helium in their cores, but massive enough to emit some light and heat from the fusion of deuterium (2H). The most massive ones can fuse lithium (7Li).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rogue planet</span> Planets not gravitationally bound to a star

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subdwarf</span> Star of luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system

A subdwarf, sometimes denoted by "sd", is a star with luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system. They are defined as stars with luminosity 1.5 to 2 magnitudes lower than that of main-sequence stars of the same spectral type. On a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram subdwarfs appear to lie below the main sequence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sub-brown dwarf</span> Astronomical objects of planetary size that did not form in orbit around a star

A sub-brown dwarf or planetary-mass brown dwarf is an astronomical object that formed in the same manner as stars and brown dwarfs but that has a planetary mass, therefore by definition below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium . Some researchers call them rogue planets whereas others call them planetary-mass brown dwarfs.

An object with the spectral type T is either a brown dwarf or young free-floating planetary-mass object. An directly imaged exoplanet with a young age can also be a T-dwarf. T dwarfs are colder than L dwarfs, but warmer than Y dwarfs.

An object with the spectral type L can be either a low-mass star, a brown dwarf or a young free-floating planetary-mass object. If a young exoplanet or planetary-mass companion is detected via direct imaging, it can also have an L spectral type, such as Kappa Andromedae b.

An object with a spectral type Y is either a brown dwarf or a free-floating planetary-mass object. They have temperatures below around 500 Kelvin and are colder than T-dwarfs. Y-dwarfs have a similar spectrum when compared to the giant planet Jupiter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE 1828+2650</span> Rogue planet or brown dwarf in the constellation Lyra

WISE 1828+2650 is a possibly binary brown dwarf or rogue planet of spectral class >Y2, located in the constellation Lyra at approximately 32.5 light-years from Earth. It is the "archetypal member" of the Y spectral class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE J031624.35+430709.1</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

WISE J031624.35+430709.1 is a brown dwarf of spectral class T8, located in constellation Perseus at approximately 106 light-years from Earth. It was one of the furthest T-class brown dwarfs known. In 2024 a T dwarf about 2 kpc distant, with a low-metallicity was discovered with the JWST. This brown dwarf is called JADES-GS-BD-9. Additional kpc distant T dwarfs were discovered by two teams, with UNCOVER-BD-1 being 4.5 or 4.8 kpc distant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2MASS J15031961+2525196</span> T-type brown dwarf in the constellation Boötes

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WISE 0855−0714 is a sub-brown dwarf 2.28±0.01 parsecs from Earth, therefore the fourth-closest star or (sub-) brown dwarf system to the Sun, the discovery of which was announced in April 2014 by Kevin Luhman using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). As of 2014, WISE 0855−0714 has the third-highest proper motion after Barnard's Star and Kapteyn's Star and the fourth-largest parallax of any known star or brown dwarf. It is also the coldest object of its type found in interstellar space, having a temperature of about 285 K.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE 1534–1043</span> Brown dwarf in the constellation Libra

WISE 1534–1043 is a brown dwarf, Class Y, the coolest class, visible only in the infrared. It was accidentally discovered via the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISEA 1810−1010</span> Substellar object in Serpens constellation

WISEA J181006.18-101000.5 or WISEA 1810-1010 is a substellar object in the constellation Serpens about 8.9 parsec or 29 light-years distant from earth. It stands out because of its peculiar colors matching both L-type and T-type objects, likely due to its very low metallicity. Together with WISEA 0414−5854 it is the first discovered extreme subdwarf (esd) of spectral type T. Lodieu et al. describe WISEA 1810-1010 as a water vapor dwarf due to its atmosphere being dominated by hydrogen and water vapor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UHZ1</span> Background galaxy containing a quasar

UHZ1 is a background galaxy containing a quasar. At a redshift of approximately 10.1, UHZ1 is at a distance of 13.2 billion light-years, seen when our universe was about 3 percent of its current age. This redshift made it the most distant, and therefore earliest known quasar in the observable universe as of 2023. To detect this object, astronomers working at the Chandra X-ray Observatory used the Abell 2744's cluster mass as a gravitational lens in order to magnify distant objects directly behind it. At the time of discovery, it exceeded the distance record of QSO J0313−1806.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z13</span> High-redshift galaxy in Sculptor constellation

UNCOVER-z13 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project on November 14, 2023. UNCOVER-z13 is within Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z12</span> Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sculptor

UNCOVER-z12 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project in November 2023. UNCOVER-z12 is within the Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor. It is the 5th-most distant object ever discovered as of 2024, and is estimated to be 32.21 giga-lightyears from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little red dot (galaxy)</span>

Little red dots (LRDs) are a class of small, red-tinted galaxies discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Their discovery was published in March 2024, and they are currently poorly understood. They appear to have existed between 0.6 and 1.6 billion years after the Big Bang, from 13.2 to 12.2 billion years ago.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Langeroodi, Danial; Hjorth, Jens (2023-11-01). "Little Red Dots or Brown Dwarfs? NIRSpec Discovery of Three Distant Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as NIRCam-selected Highly Reddened Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 957 (2): L27. arXiv: 2308.10900 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...957L..27L. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acfeec . ISSN   0004-637X.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Burgasser, Adam J.; Bezanson, Rachel; Labbe, Ivo; Brammer, Gabriel; Cutler, Sam E.; Furtak, Lukas J.; Greene, Jenny E.; Gerasimov, Roman; Leja, Joel; Pan, Richard; Price, Sedona H.; Wang, Bingjie; Weaver, John R.; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Fujimoto, Seiji (2024-02-01). "UNCOVER: JWST Spectroscopy of Three Cold Brown Dwarfs at Kiloparsec-scale Distances". The Astrophysical Journal. 962 (2): 177. arXiv: 2308.12107 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...962..177B. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad206f . ISSN   0004-637X.
  3. ↑ Bezanson, Rachel; Labbe, Ivo; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Leja, Joel; Price, Sedona H.; Franx, Marijn; Brammer, Gabe; Marchesini, Danilo; Zitrin, Adi (6 Sep 2024). "The JWST UNCOVER Treasury survey: Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization". The Astrophysical Journal. 974 (1): 92. arXiv: 2212.04026 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...974...92B. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad66cf .
  4. ↑ Lodieu, N.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Martín, E. L.; Rebolo López, R.; Gauza, B. (2022-07-01). "Physical properties and trigonometric distance of the peculiar dwarf WISE J181005.5−101002.3". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 663: A84. arXiv: 2206.13097 . Bibcode:2022A&A...663A..84L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243516. ISSN   0004-6361.
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