NGC 612

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NGC 612
NGC 612.png
Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 612
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Sculptor
Right ascension 01h 33m 57.74s [1]
Declination −36° 29′ 35.7″ [1]
Redshift 0.02977 ± 0.00010 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 8925 ± 29 km/s [1]
Distance 388×106 ly (119.33 ± 8.36 Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)13 [2]
Characteristics
Type S0
Size~122.43 kpc (diameter) [1]
Apparent size  (V)1.5 × 0.9 arcmin [3]
Notable featuresRare example of a non-elliptical radio galaxy
Other designations
MCG -06-04-046, PGC 5827 [4]

NGC 612 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor located approximately 388 million light-years from Earth. It is a type II Seyfert galaxy and thus has an active galactic nucleus. [1] [3] NGC 612 has been identified as an extremely rare example of a non-elliptical radio galaxy, hosting one of the nearest powerful FR-II radio sources. [5] [6]

Contents

Observation history

The object was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 29 November, 1837. [2] John Louis Emil Dreyer, compiler of the first New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, described NGC 612 as a "faint, very small, round, 12th magnitude star to the west." [2]

Physical characteristics

Radio emission around NGC 612 NGC 612 in optical and radio wavelengths.png
Radio emission around NGC 612

NGC 612 has a fairly well-developed luminous disc seen almost edge-on and features a strong dust ring. [5] The galaxy is surrounded by an enormous disc of cool neutral hydrogen gas with a mass of 1.8×109 M☉ distributed in a 140 kpc wide structure along the galactic disc and dust lane of NGC 612. The majority of the gas is relatively settled in regular rotation with a velocity of 8900 km/s. A faint bridge, spanning 400 kpc, exists between NGC 612 and the gas-rich barred spiral galaxy NGC 619, indicating that an interaction between both galaxies occurred at some point. Current or past interaction, such as a merger event, is currently the most likely trigger of NGC 612's radio source. [6]

The galaxy has an unusually young star population, with populations throughout the galactic disc having an age of ~0.04 - 0.1 Gyr. [6]

NGC 612 is one [7] of 5 (as of 2020) known lenticular galaxies that show large-scale radio emissions. Both spiral galaxies and lenticular galaxies rarely host large scale radio emissions. It is not understood why these type of galaxies are so rare. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

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NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on December 3, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, pretty large, a little extended 90°, much brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, very small (faint) star involved to the southeast". The visible galaxy has an angular size of 2.5 × 1.5 arcminutes or 3.24 × 1.81 arcminutes and an apparent visual magnitude of 11.8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4261</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784 by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1792</span> Galaxy in the constellation Columba

NGC 1792 is a spiral galaxy located in the southern Columba constellation. It was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on October 4, 1826. This galaxy is located at a distance of about 36.4 million light-years and is receding from the Milky Way with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,208 km/s. NGC 1792 is a member of the NGC 1808 cluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3862</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3862 is an elliptical galaxy located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. Discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785, NGC 3862 is an outlying member of the Leo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7013</span> Spiral or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cygnus

NGC 7013 is a relatively nearby spiral or lenticular galaxy estimated to be around 37 to 41.4 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. NGC 7013 was discovered by English astronomer William Herschel on July 17, 1784 and was also observed by his son, astronomer John Herschel on September 15, 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1060</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 1060 is a lenticular galaxy approximately 256 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Triangulum. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 12, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2865</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 2865 is an isolated elliptical galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. The core region of the galaxy shows a kinematically distinct component showing indications of a recent accretion or merger event that led to a burst of star formation around the nucleus. Observational constraints require this to have occurred within the last 100–400 million years, with the merger most likely being an Sb or Sc-class spiral galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1380</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1380 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 2, 1826. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4636</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4636 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of about 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4636 is about 105,000 light years across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 759</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 759 is an elliptical galaxy located 230 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. NGC 759 was discovered by astronomer by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 17, 1865. It is a member of Abell 262.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 973</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 973 is a giant spiral galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum. It is located at a distance of circa 200 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 973 is about 230,000 light years across. It was discovered by Lewis Swift on October 30, 1885.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 765</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 765 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 220 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 765 is about 195,000 light years across. It was discovered by Albert Marth on October 8, 1864. The galaxy has an extensive hydrogen (HI) disk with low surface brightness, whose diameter is estimated to be 240 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4294</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy with flocculent spiral arms located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4513</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 4513 is a lenticular galaxy and a ring galaxy located about 110 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on October 16, 1866.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5793</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Libra

NGC 5793 is an active spiral galaxy located approximately 150 million light years away in the constellation Libra. It is classified as a Type 2 Seyfert galaxy and was discovered by Francis Leavenworth in 1886. The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 73°, giving it an oval, nearly edge-on appearance with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 150°.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3998</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major

NGC 3998 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered on April 14, 1789, by the astronomer William Herschel. At a distance of 45 million light-years, it is located relatively nearby, making it a well-studied object.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NGC 612 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  2. 1 2 3 "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 600 - 649". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  3. 1 2 "Revised NGC Data for NGC 612". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  4. ↑ "NGC 612". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  5. 1 2 Véron-Cetty, M. P.; Véron, P. (2001). "Are all radio galaxies genuine ellipticals?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 375 (3): 791–796. Bibcode:2001A&A...375..791V. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010902 . ISSN   0004-6361.
  6. 1 2 3 Emonts, B. H. C.; Morganti, R.; Oosterloo, T. A.; Holt, J.; Tadhunter, C. N.; van der Hulst, J. M.; Ojha, R.; Sadler, E. M. (2008). "Enormous disc of cool gas surrounding the nearby powerful radio galaxy NGC 612 (PKS 0131−36)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 387 (1): 197–208. arXiv: 0805.3371 . Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387..197E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13142.x. ISSN   0035-8711. S2CID   7916786.
  7. ↑ Ekers, R. D.; Goss, W. M.; Kotanyi, C. G.; Skellern, D. J. (1978-10-01). "NGC 612-A Radio Galaxy with a Disk". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 69: L21. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Duchesne, S. W.; Johnston-Hollitt, M. (2019-04-01). "The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 36: e016. arXiv: 1806.09255 . doi:10.1017/pasa.2018.26. ISSN   1323-3580.
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