Spiral DRAGNs or Speca-like galaxies are a type of spiral galaxies which are also radio galaxies or which contain DRAGNs (Double Radio-source Associated with Galactic Nucleus).
Most DRAGNs are associated with elliptical galaxies, as are most double-lobed radio-galaxies. [1] Spiral DRAGNs are inconsistent with currently known galaxy formation processes. [2] As of 2024, there are nearly 36 spiral DRAGNs. [3]
Lenticlular galaxies containing DRAGNs are as rare as spiral DRAGNs, with only 5 known examples as of 2020, [4] including: Centaurus A, [5] [6] NGC 612 [7] and NGC 1534. [4] Nearby Seyfert galaxies containing small or galaxy-scale radio jets/lobes are not accepted as Specas or Spiral DRANGs.
Galaxy | Identified Date | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|
galaxy 0313-192 | 1998 | First known spiral DRAGN, located in Abell 428. It is the first spiral DRAGN with VLBI detection. [8] | [9] [10] [11] |
Speca | 2011 | First confirmed case due to its episodic radio jet nature. Hosted in a massive spiral and with giant Mpc-scale radio-lobes. It was the second galaxy shown to have three episodes of periodic activity, the first was an elliptical. [NB 1] | [12] [13] [10] |
J2345-0449 | 2014 | Third known spiral DRAGN with two episodic activities, observed at radio wavelengths and measuring about 1.6 megaparsecs in total size. | [14] |
SDSS J1649+2635 | 2014 | Fourth known spiral DRAGN; first located in a grand design spiral galaxy. It was discovered by cross-matching spiral galaxies identified by galaxy zoo volunteers with the Unified Radio Catalog. It was the first systematic search for spiral DRAGNs. | [1] [15] [10] [16] |
J0836+0532 | 2015 | Two clear spiral arms | [17] |
J1159+5820 | 2012/2015 | Candidate: Disturbed galaxy with signs of a merger. | [18] [17] |
J1352+3126 | 2015 | Candidate: Galaxy was well studied at the time of the discovery by Singh et al. The galaxy was classified as spiral or irregular galaxy. | [17] |
MCG+07-47-10 | 2016 | radio source has a low luminosity | [19] |
J0354-1340 | 2022 | spiral host that is a narrow-line Seyfert 1, size of the de-projected jets is 250 kpc | [20] |
J0209+0750 | 2022 | loose spiral arms, has star-forming clumps | [21] |
J0806+0624 | 2022 | several spiral arms and a luminous bar-like feature | [21] |
J1328+5710 | 2022 | low-mass, low-redshift galaxy with many star-forming regions, at least two prominent arms and a strong bar. One of the few intermediate massive black holes (≤ 105 M☉) with a strong radio emission and the first with a double-lobed radio emission. | [21] |
J1656+6407 | 2022 | extremely massive star-forming spiral galaxy | [21] |
J1128+2417 | 2022 | star-forming clumps in the arms | [21] |
J1646+383 | 2022 | dust-lane with peculiar arc-like shape | [21] |
J0326-0623 | 2023 | two major spiral arms, scale of the radio lobes is 430 kpc | [3] |
J1110+0321 | 2023 | scale of the radio lobes is 100 kpc | [3] |
J1134+3046 | 2023 | scale of the radio lobes is 380 kpc | [3] |
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