List of spiral DRAGNs

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Spiral DRAGNs or Speca-like galaxies are a type of spiral galaxies which are also radio galaxies or which contain DRAGNs (Double Radio-source Associated with Galactic Nucleus).

Contents

Most DRAGNs are associated with elliptical galaxies, as are most double-lobed radio-galaxies. [1] Spiral DRAGNs are inconsistent with currently known galaxy formation processes. [2] As of 2024, there are nearly 36 spiral DRAGNs. [3]

Lenticlular galaxies containing DRAGNs are as rare as spiral DRAGNs, with only 5 known examples as of 2020, [4] including: Centaurus A, [5] [6] NGC 612 [7] and NGC 1534. [4] Nearby Seyfert galaxies containing small or galaxy-scale radio jets/lobes are not accepted as Specas or Spiral DRANGs.

List

GalaxyIdentified DateNotesReferences
galaxy 0313-192 1998First known spiral DRAGN, located in Abell 428. It is the first spiral DRAGN with VLBI detection. [8] [9] [10] [11]
Speca 2011First confirmed case due to its episodic radio jet nature. Hosted in a massive spiral and with giant Mpc-scale radio-lobes. It was the second galaxy shown to have three episodes of periodic activity, the first was an elliptical. [NB 1] [12] [13] [10]
J2345-0449 2014Third known spiral DRAGN with two episodic activities, observed at radio wavelengths and measuring about 1.6 megaparsecs in total size. [14]
SDSS J1649+2635 2014Fourth known spiral DRAGN; first located in a grand design spiral galaxy. It was discovered by cross-matching spiral galaxies identified by galaxy zoo volunteers with the Unified Radio Catalog. It was the first systematic search for spiral DRAGNs. [1] [15] [10] [16]
J0836+05322015Two clear spiral arms [17]
J1159+58202012/2015Candidate: Disturbed galaxy with signs of a merger. [18] [17]
J1352+31262015Candidate: Galaxy was well studied at the time of the discovery by Singh et al. The galaxy was classified as spiral or irregular galaxy. [17]
MCG+07-47-102016radio source has a low luminosity [19]
J0354-13402022spiral host that is a narrow-line Seyfert 1, size of the de-projected jets is 250 kpc [20]
J0209+07502022loose spiral arms, has star-forming clumps [21]
J0806+06242022several spiral arms and a luminous bar-like feature [21]
J1328+57102022low-mass, low-redshift galaxy with many star-forming regions, at least two prominent arms and a strong bar. One of the few intermediate massive black holes (≤ 105 M☉) with a strong radio emission and the first with a double-lobed radio emission. [21]
J1656+64072022extremely massive star-forming spiral galaxy [21]
J1128+24172022star-forming clumps in the arms [21]
J1646+3832022dust-lane with peculiar arc-like shape [21]
J0326-06232023two major spiral arms, scale of the radio lobes is 430 kpc [3]
J1110+03212023scale of the radio lobes is 100 kpc [3]
J1134+30462023scale of the radio lobes is 380 kpc [3]

Notes

  1. ↑ SPECA = Spiral-host Episodic radio galaxy tracing Cluster Accretion

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1427</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1427 is a low-luminosity elliptical galaxy located approximately 71 million light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by John Frederick William Herschel on November 28, 1837. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster. The galaxy has a stellar mass of 7.9 × 1010M☉, and a total mass of 9.4 × 1010M☉. However, the mass of the dark matter halo surrounding the galaxy is around 4.3 × 1012M☉.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1042</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 1042 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on 10 November 1885 by American astronomer Lewis Swift. The galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 14.0.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4323</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3862</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3862 is an elliptical galaxy located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. Discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785, NGC 3862 is an outlying member of the Leo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3311</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3311 is a super-giant elliptical galaxy located about 190 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 30, 1835. NGC 3311 is the brightest member of the Hydra Cluster and forms a pair with NGC 3309 which along with NGC 3311, dominate the central region of the Hydra Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 753</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 753 is a spiral galaxy located 220 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 16, 1865 and is a member of Abell 262.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 759</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 759 is an elliptical galaxy located 230 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. NGC 759 was discovered by astronomer by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 17, 1865. It is a member of Abell 262.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4061</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4061 is an elliptical galaxy located 310 light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785. It was rediscovered by John Herschel on April 29, 1832. It is listed both as NGC 4061 and NGC 4055. NGC 4061 is a member of the NGC 4065 Group and forms an interacting pair with its companion, NGC 4065 as evidenced by distortions in their optical isophotes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4093</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4093 is an elliptical galaxy located 340 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 4, 1864. NGC 4093 is a member of the NGC 4065 Group and is a radio galaxy with a two sided jet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4065 Group</span> Group of galaxies in the constellation of Coma Berenices

The NGC 4065 Group is a group of galaxies located about 330 Mly (100 Mpc) in the constellation Coma Berenices. The group's brightest member is NGC 4065 and located in the Coma Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4294</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy with flocculent spiral arms located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4298</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4298 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4299</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4299 is a featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extended emission-line region</span> Interstellar clouds

An extended emission-line region (EELR) is a giant interstellar cloud ionized by the radiation of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) inside a galaxy or photons produced by the shocks associated with the radio jets. An EELR can appear as a resolved cloud in relative nearby galaxies and as narrow emission lines in more distant galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J2345-0449</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Aquarius

J2345-0449 or 2MASX J23453268-0449256, is a spiral galaxy located 947 million light-years in the constellation of Aquarius. It contains an active galactic nucleus and is classified as a radio galaxy, containing relativistic jets that are projected out from its spiral host by ~1.6 Mpc, making these jets the largest and rarest known. It was discovered in 2014 by amateur astronomers, making it the third spiral DRAGN after ESO 0313-192 and Speca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell 1942 BCG</span> Brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Abell 1942 BCG, also known as PGC 1256558, is a massive elliptical galaxy of type-cD residing as the brightest cluster galaxy of the Abell 1942 galaxy cluster, located in the constellation Virgo. With a redshift of 0.224, the galaxy is located nearly 2.7 billion light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 2004-447</span> Narrow-line Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius

PKS 2004-447 is a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy located in the constellation of Sagittarius. It has a redshift of (z) 0.24 and is the radio-loudest gamma ray emitting AGN known in the southern hemisphere. It was first identified as an astronomical radio source during a very-long-baseline interferometry survey in 1989. The radio spectrum appears to be powerful and compact, making it a compact steep spectrum source. The X-ray emission for this source is described by a simple power-law in the energy range.

References

  1. 1 2 Minnie Mao; Ryan Duffin; Frazer Owen; William Keel; Jay Blanchard (2013-08-02). "A low-band study of the spiral DRAGN 1649+26". NRAO. VLA/14A-406.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ↑ University of Manchester, "Here be Spiral DRAGNs", H2020-EU.1.3.2., CORDIS, 660432
  3. 1 2 3 4 Gao, X. Y.; Yuan, Z. S.; Han, J. L.; Wen, Z. L.; Shan, S. S. (2023-03-01). "Three New Spiral Galaxies with Active Nuclei Producing Double Radio Lobes". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 23 (3): 035005. arXiv: 2301.01548 . Bibcode:2023RAA....23c5005G. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acb251. ISSN   1674-4527.
  4. 1 2 Duchesne, S. W.; Johnston-Hollitt, M. (2019-04-01). "The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 36: e016. arXiv: 1806.09255 . Bibcode:2019PASA...36...16D. doi:10.1017/pasa.2018.26. ISSN   1323-3580. S2CID   119101002.
  5. ↑ Burbidge, G. R.; Burbidge, E. Margaret (1957-01-01). "The Sources of Radio Emission in NGC 5128 and NGC 1316". The Astrophysical Journal. 125: 1. Bibcode:1957ApJ...125....1B. doi: 10.1086/146279 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Cooper, B. F. C.; Price, R. M.; Cole, D. J. (1965-12-01). "A study of the decimetric emission and polarization of Centaurus A". Australian Journal of Physics. 18 (6): 589. Bibcode:1965AuJPh..18..589C. doi: 10.1071/PH650589 . ISSN   0004-9506.
  7. ↑ Ekers, R. D.; Goss, W. M.; Kotanyi, C. G.; Skellern, D. J. (1978-10-01). "NGC 612-A Radio Galaxy with a Disk". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 69: L21. Bibcode:1978A&A....69L..21E. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Mao, Minnie Y.; Blanchard, Jay M.; Owen, Frazer; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Singh, Vikram; Scaife, Anna; Paragi, Zsolt; Norris, Ray P.; Momjian, Emmanuel; Johnson, Gia; Browne, Ian (2018-07-01). "The first VLBI detection of a spiral DRAGN core". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478 (1): L99–L104. arXiv: 1805.03039 . Bibcode:2018MNRAS.478L..99M. doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly081 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  9. ↑ "Giant Radio Jet Coming From Wrong Kind of Galaxy". NRAO. 8 January 2003.
  10. 1 2 3 Jaime Trosper (6 December 2014). "Astronomers Find a Strange, Perplexing Spiral Galaxy". From Quarks to Quasars.
  11. ↑ Ledlow, Michael J.; Owen, Frazer N.; Keel, William C. (1998-03-01). "An Unusual Radio Galaxy in Abell 428: A Large, Powerful FR I Source in a Disk-dominated Host". The Astrophysical Journal. 495 (1): 227. arXiv: astro-ph/9709213 . Bibcode:1998ApJ...495..227L. doi:10.1086/305251. ISSN   0004-637X.
  12. ↑ Hota, Ananda; Sirothia, S. K.; Ohyama, Youichi; Konar, C.; Kim, Suk; Rey, Soo-Chang; Saikia, D. J.; Croston, J. H.; Matsushita, Satoki (2011-10-01). "Discovery of a spiral-host episodic radio galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 417 (1): L36–L40. arXiv: 1107.4742 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417L..36H. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01115.x . ISSN   1745-3925.
  13. ↑ "Exotic Galaxy Reveals Tantalizing Tale". 25 August 2011.
  14. ↑ Bagchi, Joydeep; Vivek, M.; Vikram, Vinu; Hota, Ananda; Biju, K. G.; Sirothia, S. K.; Srianand, Raghunathan; Gopal-Krishna; Jacob, Joe (2014). "Megaparsec relativistic jets launched from an accreting supermassive black hole in an extreme spiral galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2): 174. arXiv: 1404.6889 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...788..174B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/174. eISSN   1538-4357. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   53706255.
  15. ↑ "Strange galaxy perplexes astronomers: Prominent 'jets' of subatomic particles". ScienceDaily. 2 December 2014.
  16. ↑ Minnie Y. Mao; Frazer Owen; Ryan Duffin; Bill Keel; Mark Lacy; Emmanuel Momjian; Glenn Morrison; Tony Mroczkowski; Susan Neff; Ray P. Norris; Henrique Schmitt; Vicki Toy; Sylvain Veilleux (2015). "J1649+26: A Grand-Design Spiral with a Large Double-Lobed Radio Source". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (4): 4176–4185. arXiv: 1410.8520 . Bibcode:2015MNRAS.446.4176M. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu2302 . S2CID   119234804.
  17. 1 2 3 Singh, Veeresh; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.; Sievers, Jonathan; Wadadekar, Yogesh; Hilton, Matt; Beelen, Alexandre (2015-12-01). "Discovery of rare double-lobe radio galaxies hosted in spiral galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (2): 1556–1572. arXiv: 1509.01559 . Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.1556S. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2071 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  18. ↑ Koziel-Wierzbowska, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Zola, S.; Stachowski, G.; Kuzmicz, A. (2012-05-01). "CGCG 292-057 - a radio galaxy with merger-modulated radio activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 422 (2): 1546–1551. arXiv: 1203.0538 . Bibcode:2012MNRAS.422.1546K. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20727.x . ISSN   0035-8711. S2CID   118411322.
  19. ↑ Mulcahy, D. D.; Mao, M. Y.; Mitsuishi, I.; Scaife, A. M. M.; Clarke, A. O.; Babazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Suganuma, R.; Matsumoto, H.; Tawara, Y. (2016-11-01). "Discovery of a low-luminosity spiral DRAGN". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 595: L8. arXiv: 1609.04820 . Bibcode:2016A&A...595L...8M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629536. ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   54018506.
  20. ↑ Vietri, A.; Järvelä, E.; Berton, M.; Ciroi, S.; Congiu, E.; Chen, S.; Di Mille, F. (2022-06-01). "Spectacular 240 kpc double-sided relativistic jets in a spiral-hosted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 662: A20. arXiv: 2204.00020 . Bibcode:2022A&A...662A..20V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243523. ISSN   0004-6361.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wu, Zihao; Ho, Luis C.; Zhuang, Ming-Yang (2022-12-01). "An Elusive Population of Massive Disk Galaxies Hosting Double-lobed Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 941 (1): 95. arXiv: 2210.11724 . Bibcode:2022ApJ...941...95W. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9cd5 . ISSN   0004-637X.
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