ESO 0313-192

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ESO 0313-192
Hubble Finds Misbehaving Spiral (24662986146).jpg
ESO 0313-192 (left), as taken from Hubble Space Telescope (HST), next to LOY2001 (right)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Eridanus
Right ascension 03h 15m 51.80s [1]
Declination −19° 06′ 45.0″ [1]
Redshift 0.067±0.0002 [2] [ failed verification ]
Distance 1 Bly (225.9 Mpc) [3]
Group or cluster Abell 428 [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)17.48 [1]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)ca (spiral radio galaxy)
Size1.5 million ly (radio lobe(s))
Apparent size  (V)0.69 x 0.14 [1]
Notable featuresactive galactic nuclei
Other designations
LEDA 97372, [2] 2MASX J03155208-1906442, [2] NVSS J031552-190638, [2] [LO95] 0313-192 [4]

ESO 0313-192 (also known as PGC 97372 and LO95 0313-192) is a edge-on spiral galaxy, or a double-lobed radio galaxy around 1 billion light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. [2] Its radio jets were discovered in 2003 by NASA, and its radio lobes are an estimated 1.5 million light years in diameter. [1] It is part of the cluster Abell 428, and it has an active galactic nuclei. [3]

Contents

Characteristics

ESO 0313-192 has a spiral shape similar to that of the Milky Way. It has a large central bulge, and arms speckled with brightly glowing gas inhabited by thick lanes of dark dust. Its companion, sitting pretty in the right of the frame, is known rather unpoetically as [LOY2001] J031549.8-190623. [4]

Jets, outbursts of superheated gas moving at close to the speed of light, have long been associated with the cores of giant elliptical galaxies, and galaxies in the process of merging. [1] However, in an unexpected discovery, astronomers found ESO 0313-192 to have intense radio jets spewing out from its central supermassive black hole. [4] The galaxy appears to have two more regions that are also strongly emitting in the radio part of the spectrum, making it even rarer still. [1]

The discovery of these giant jets in 2003, not visible in this image, [5] but indicated in this earlier Hubble composite, [6] has been followed by the unearthing of a further three spiral galaxies containing radio-emitting jets in recent years. [7] This growing class of unusual spirals continues to raise significant questions about how jets are produced within galaxies, and how they are thrown out into the cosmos. [1]

Nucleus

The core of ESO 0313-192 is rather bright as seen in the Hubble Composite. The central supermassive black hole of 0313-192 is known to be highly active, indicating the ununusually luminous bulge in the center of the galaxy. A disklike emission-line structure is seen around the nucleus, inclined by ~20° to the stellar disk but nearly perpendicular to the jets. This may represent the aftermath of a galaxy encounter in which gas is photoionized by a direct view of the nuclear continuum. The SMBH has a mass of ~8×108  M☉ . [8]

Properties

Nearly all classic double-lobed radio galaxies have either an elliptical galaxy or some kind of galactic merger at their center. [3] However, there is one remarkable exception to this rule. [5] In 2003, astronomers confirmed that ESO 0313-192, flanked by large, bright clouds of radio emissions, is in fact an edge-on spiral galaxy. [9] [3]

Twisted Disc

If you look closely enough, ESO 0313-192's dark plane of dust is distinctly twisted. [1] This may be due to a collision or a near pass-by with a smaller galaxy, which may have sparked the galaxy's nucleus to life. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galaxy</span> Large gravitationally bound system of stars and interstellar matter

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek galaxias (γαλαξίας), literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, range in size from dwarfs with less than a thousand stars, to the largest galaxies known – supergiants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Most of the mass in a typical galaxy is in the form of dark matter, with only a few percent of that mass visible in the form of stars and nebulae. Supermassive black holes are a common feature at the centres of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6240</span> Galaxy merger remnant in the constellation Ophiuchus

NGC 6240, also known as the Starfish Galaxy, is a nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) in the constellation Ophiuchus. It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 12 July 1871.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seyfert galaxy</span> Class of active galaxies with very bright nuclei

Seyfert galaxies are one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with quasar host galaxies. They have quasar-like nuclei with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, their host galaxies are clearly detectable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elliptical galaxy</span> Spherical or ovoid mass of stars

An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the four main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae, along with spiral and lenticular galaxies. Elliptical (E) galaxies are, together with lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks, and ES galaxies with their intermediate scale disks, a subset of the "early-type" galaxy population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 87</span> Elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster

Messier 87 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo that contains several trillion stars. One of the largest and most massive galaxies in the local universe, it has a large population of globular clusters—about 15,000 compared with the 150–200 orbiting the Milky Way—and a jet of energetic plasma that originates at the core and extends at least 1,500 parsecs, traveling at a relativistic speed. It is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky and a popular target for both amateur and professional astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galactic bulge</span> Tightly packed group of stars within a larger formation

In astronomy, a galactic bulge is a tightly packed group of stars within a larger star formation. The term almost exclusively refers to the central group of stars found in most spiral galaxies. Bulges were historically thought to be elliptical galaxies that happened to have a disk of stars around them, but high-resolution images using the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed that many bulges lie at the heart of a spiral galaxy. It is now thought that there are at least two types of bulges: bulges that are like ellipticals and bulges that are like spiral galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaurus A</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

Centaurus A is a galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop from his home in Parramatta, in New South Wales, Australia. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type and distance. It is the closest radio galaxy to Earth, as well as the closest BL Lac object, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is also the fifth-brightest in the sky, making it an ideal amateur astronomy target. It is only visible from the southern hemisphere and low northern latitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interacting galaxy</span> Galaxies with interacting gravitational fields

Interacting galaxies are galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, which may lead to a galaxy merger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1097</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1097 is a barred spiral galaxy about 45 million light years away in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered by William Herschel on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4261</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784, by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ESO 137-001</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum Australe

ESO 137-001, also known as the Jellyfish Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum Australe and in the cluster Abell 3627. As the galaxy moves to the center of the cluster at 1900 km/s, it is stripped by hot gas, thus creating a 260,000 light-year long tail. This is called ram pressure stripping. The intergalactic gas in Abell 3627 is at 100 million Kelvin, which causes star formation in the tails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1433</span> Galaxy in the constellation Horologium

NGC 1433 is a barred spiral galaxy with a double ring structure located in the constellation of Horologium. It is at a distance of 46 million light-years from Earth. It is a Seyfert galaxy with an active galactic nucleus. The central region of the galaxy displays intense star formation activity, with an irregular star-forming ring of 5″ radius and weak radio wave emission. Star formation is also noticeable in the spiral arms but not the bar of the galaxy. NGC 1433 is being studied as part of a survey of 50 nearby galaxies known as the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS). A jet of material flowing away from the central black hole of the galaxy extending for only 150 light-years has been found. It is the smallest molecular outflow ever observed in a galaxy beyond our own.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3862</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3862 is an elliptical galaxy located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. Discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785, NGC 3862 is an outlying member of the Leo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markarian 1034</span> Interacting galaxies in the constellation of Triangulum

Markarian 1034 is a pair of spiral galaxies comprising PGC 9074 and PGC 9071, located in the constellation Triangulum. They are located at a distance of 465 million light-years from Earth and are classified as luminous infrared galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1380</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1380 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 2, 1826. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5846</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5846 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5846 is about 110,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 24, 1786. It lies near 110 Virginis and is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue. It is a member of the NGC 5846 Group of galaxies, itself one of the Virgo III Groups strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 765</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 765 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 220 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 765 is about 195,000 light years across. It was discovered by Albert Marth on October 8, 1864. The galaxy has an extensive hydrogen (HI) disk with low surface brightness, whose diameter is estimated to be 240 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J2345-0449</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Aquarius

J2345-0449 or 2MASX J23453268-0449256, is a spiral galaxy located 947 million light-years in the constellation of Aquarius. It contains an active galactic nucleus and is classified as a radio galaxy, containing relativistic jets that are projected out from its spiral host by ~1.6 Mpc, making these jets the largest and rarest known. It was discovered in 2014 by amateur astronomers, making it the third spiral DRAGN after ESO 0313-192 and Speca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +29.30</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cancer

4C +29.30 is an elliptical galaxy located in Cancer constellation. Its redshift is 0.064840 which corresponds to a light travel time of 850 million light-years from Earth. It is a wide-angled tailed radio galaxy (WAT) and a Seyfert galaxy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "A misbehaving spiral". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "PGC 97372 - Galaxy - SKY-MAP". www.wikisky.org. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  3. 1 2 3 4 James, Hatch, Jager, Loughhead, Brown, Laurie, Thomas, Tim (2010). Space - from earth to the edge of the universe (Revised ed.). NASA. p. 299. ISBN   978-0-7566-6738-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 "A Large Double Radio Source from a Spiral Galaxy: 0313-192". pages.astronomy.ua.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  5. 1 2 Morganti, R.; Holt, J.; Tadhunter, C.; Almeida, C. Ramos; Dicken, D.; Inskip, K.; Oosterloo, T.; Tzioumis, T. (2011-11-01). "PKS 1814-637: a powerful radio-loud AGN in a disk galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 535: A97. arXiv: 1109.0630 . Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..97M. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117686 . ISSN   0004-6361.
  6. ↑ ""LO95 0313-192" – Science World". VOA. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  7. ↑ "The Unruly Galaxy". Samford University. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  8. ↑ Keel, William C.; White, Raymond E., III; Owen, Frazer N.; Ledlow, Michael J. (2006-12-01). "The Spiral Host Galaxy of the Double Radio Source 0313-192". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2233–2242. arXiv: astro-ph/0608086 . Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2233K. doi:10.1086/508340. ISSN   0004-6256.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Now, Astronomy. "LO95 0313-192 – Astronomy Now" . Retrieved 2024-01-08.
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