Four-digit toad

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Four-digit toad
Didynamipus sjostedti01.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Didynamipus
Andersson, 1903 [2]
Species:
D. sjostedti
Binomial name
Didynamipus sjostedti
Andersson, 1903 [2]
Synonyms [3]
  • Didynamipus sjöstedtiAndersson, 1903
  • Atelophryne minutusBoulenger, 1906 "1905"

The four-digit toad or dwarf toad (Didynamipus sjostedti) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. [1] [3] [4] [5] It is found in Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), southwestern Cameroon, and southeastern Nigeria. [1] [3] It is the only species in the genus Didynamipus. [4] [6]

Contents

Etymology

The specific name sjostedti honours Bror Yngve Sjöstedt, a Swedish entomologist and ornithologist [7] who collected the type series. [2]

Description

Didynamipus sjostedti are very small toads: males grow to 16 mm (0.6 in) and females to 19 mm (0.7 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is sharp in males but rounded in females; males also have a ridge on the top the snout that gives it an upturned appearance. The tympanum is absent. The hands and feet are reduced, with the two outer fingers and toes and the innermost toes present only as tubercles. No webbing is present. The dorsum is brown with lighter and darker mottling. [5]

Habitat and conservation

Didynamipus sjostedti occur on forest edges and in clearings in moist forest at elevations of 200–1,200 m (660–3,940 ft) above sea level, often in mixed-sex and mixed-lifestage aggregations. They can occur both in leaf litter and perched atop low vegetation. Individuals found near terretrial egg masses suggest terrestrial breeding and direct development [1] (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage [8] ).

This species appears to tolerate some habitat modification and has also been found in secondary forest and farmland, although it is still considered threatened by habitat loss primarily caused by agricultural expansion. It is known from inside or near several protected areas. [1]

Related Research Articles

Churamiti is a genus of toads endemic to Tanzania. It is monotypic and represented by a single species, Churamiti maridadi. This species is only known from its type locality in the Mamiwa-Kisara Forest Reserve in the Ukaguru Mountains. Only four specimens are known. The scientific name is derived from the Swahili words chura meaning toad or frog, miti meaning tree, and maridadi meaning beautiful, for the descriptive "beautiful tree-toad".

Ansonia albomaculata, also known as the white-lipped slender toad and whitebelly stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and can be found in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and northern Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Ansonia platysoma, also known as the flat-bodied slender toad and Luidan stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, and from Brunei. Its closest relative is Ansonia kelabitensis.

Ansonia torrentis, also known as the Gunung Mulu stream toad and torrent slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Mulu in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). The specific name torrentis refers to the habitat at its type locality, a stream running down a steep mountainside.

Poyntonophrynus hoeschi is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to western and central Namibia. The specific name hoeschi honours Walter Hoesch, a German zoologist. Common names Hoesch's toad, Hoesch's pygmy toad, and Okahandja toad have been proposed for it.

Sclerophrys tuberosa is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo. Common names rough toad, warty toad, and Fernando Po toad have been proposed for it.

Melanophryniscus spectabilis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is known from western Santa Catarina and southern Paraná states, southern Brazil. The specific name spectabilis refers to the showy color pattern of this species.

Nectophrynoides minutus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and is known from the Uluguru and Rubeho Mountains. Common names small viviparous toad, minute tree toad, and dwarf forest toad have been proposed for it.

Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Uluguru Mountains in eastern Tanzania. Common names pseudo forest toad and false Tornier's viviparous toad have been proposed for it. Its specific name refers to its similarity to Nectophrynoides tornieri.

Pelophryne api, also known as Api dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. Its genetic divergence from Pelophryne guentheri is relatively low and these species could be conspecific.

<i>Pelophryne lighti</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne lighti, also known as the Mindanao flathead toad or eastern Mindanao dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

Pelophryne rhopophilia, also known as lowland dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in north-eastern and south-western Sarawak (Malaysia) and (likely) in adjacent West Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Werneria bambutensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to western Cameroon where it occurs at high altitudes between Mount Manengouba and Mount Oku, including the eponymous Bamboutos Mountains. It is also known as the Bamboutos smalltongue toad and Bambouto torrent toad.

Werneria tandyi, also known as Tandy's torrent toad or Tandy's smalltongue toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to western Cameroon and known from Mount Manengouba and from the Rumpi Hills. The specific name tandyi honours Robert Mills Tandy, biologist, herpetologist, and wildlife photographer.

Ingerophrynus gollum is a toad species in the family Bufonidae, the true toads. It is endemic to the Peninsular Malaysia and has only been recorded from its type locality in the Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor. However, I. gollum is genetically so close to Ingerophrynus divergens that its validity as a distinct species can be questioned.

Atelopus pyrodactylus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Peru and only known from its type locality in the northern section of the Río Huallaga basin, Department of San Martín, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central. The specific name pyrodactylus refers to the light orange fingers and toes of this frog.

Pelophryne linanitensis, also known as the Linanit dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Batu Linanit in Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo.

Pelophryne murudensis, also known as the Murud dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo.

Pelophryne saravacensis, also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak ; there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions.

Ansonia phuketensis, also known as the Phuket stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Phuket, off the south-west coast of Thailand.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Didynamipus sjostedti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T54811A16272990. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T54811A16272990.en . Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 Andersson, L. G. (1903). "Neue Batrachier aus Kamerun, von den Herren Dr. Y. Sjöstedt und Dr. R. Jungner gesammelt". Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 53: 141–145.
  3. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Didynamipus sjostedti Andersson, 1903". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  5. 1 2 Channing, Allan & Rödel, Mark-Oliver (2019). Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. p. 94. ISBN   978-1-77584-512-6.
  6. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Didynamipus Andersson, 1903". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  7. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 199. ISBN   978-1-907807-42-8.
  8. ↑ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
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