Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore)

Last updated

Francis Scott Key Bridge
The Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore).jpg
View from Fort Armistead Park in 2015
Coordinates 39°13′1″N76°31′42″W / 39.21694°N 76.52833°W / 39.21694; -76.52833
Carried4 lanes of Toll plate yellow.svg
I-695.svg I-695 Toll
Crossed Patapsco River
Locale Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, U.S.
Maintained by Maryland Transportation Authority
ID number 300000BCZ472010
Website mdta.maryland.gov/Toll_Facilities/FSK.html
Characteristics
Design Steel arch-shaped continuous through truss bridge
MaterialSteel
Total length8,636 feet (2,632.3 m; 1.6 mi)
Longest span1,200 feet (366 m)
Clearance below 185 feet (56 m) [1]
History
Designer J. E. Greiner Company [2]
Construction start1972;52 years ago (1972) [3]
OpenedMarch 23, 1977;47 years ago (1977-03-23)
Collapsed March 26, 2024;8 months ago (2024-03-26)
Statistics
Toll$4 (suspended) [4]
Location
Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore)
The Francis Scott Key Bridge under construction in 1976 Francis Scott Key bridge 1976.jpg
The Francis Scott Key Bridge under construction in 1976
Sign for the Key Bridge used on approach roads 2016-08-15 11 38 42 Sign for the Francis Scott Key Bridge (Interstate 695) along northbound Maryland State Route 173 (Fort Smallwood Road) just north of Cabot Drive in Pasadena, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg
Sign for the Key Bridge used on approach roads

The Francis Scott Key Bridge (informally, Key Bridge or Beltway Bridge) is a partially collapsed bridge in the Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland. Opened in 1977, it collapsed on March 26, 2024, after a container ship struck one of its piers. [5] [6] Officials have announced plans to replace the bridge by fall 2028. [7]

Contents

It was built as a steel arch continuous through truss bridge that spanned the lower Patapsco River and outer Baltimore Harbor/Port in Maryland, United States. Opened on March 23, 1977, it carried the Baltimore Beltway (Interstate 695 or I-695) between Dundalk in Baltimore County and Hawkins Point, an isolated southern neighborhood of Baltimore, while briefly passing through Anne Arundel County.

Initially named the Outer Harbor Crossing, the bridge was renamed in 1976 for poet Francis Scott Key, who wrote the lyrics to "The Star-Spangled Banner", the U.S. national anthem. At 8,636 feet (2,632 m), it was the second-longest bridge in the Baltimore metropolitan area, after the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Its main span of 1,200 feet (366 m) was the third-longest of any continuous truss in the world. [8]

Operated by the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA), the bridge was the outermost of three toll crossings of Baltimore's harbor, along with the Baltimore Harbor and Fort McHenry tunnels. The bridge carried an estimated 11.5 million vehicles annually, including many trucks carrying hazardous materials that are prohibited in the tunnels. The construction of the bridge and its approaches completed the two-decade effort to build I-695, although the bridge roadway was officially a state road: the unsigned Maryland Route 695. [9] [10]

History

Construction

By the early 1960s, the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel (Interstate 895), the first crossing of Baltimore's Harbor, had reached its traffic capacity. The Maryland State Roads Commission concluded there was a need for a second harbor crossing. [11] They began planning another single-tube tunnel under the Patapsco River, downstream and to the southeast, between Hawkins Point and Sollers Point in the outer harbor. In October 1968, this Outer Harbor Tunnel project received financing through a $220 million bond issue (equivalent to $1.9 billion in 2023) that also funded the twinning of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. [12] But when the bids to build the tunnel were opened in July 1970, they were substantially higher than expected. [13] So officials drafted alternative proposals, including a four-lane bridge, which had the advantage of providing a route across Baltimore Harbor for vehicles carrying hazardous materials barred from tunnels. [14]

In April 1971, the Maryland General Assembly approved the bridge project. [15] [16] The United States Coast Guard issued a bridge permit in June 1972, replacing the earlier approval of the tunnel by the Army Corps of Engineers. [12] Baltimore engineering firm J. E. Greiner Company was selected as the primary design consultant, with the side approaches being handled by New York City's Singstad, Kehart, November & Hurka in joint venture with Baltimore Transportation Associates, Inc. The construction was to be performed by the John F. Beasley Construction Company with material fabricated by the Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Co. [17]

Construction of the Outer Harbor Bridge began in 1972, [18] several years behind schedule and $33 million over budget. [19] Each of the bridge's main piers—Nos. 17 and 18—was protected by dolphins upstream and downstream, each with a 25-foot-diameter sheet pile filled with tremie concrete with a reinforced concrete cap. These piers also had 17-foot fender system: [20] crushable thin-walled concrete boxes of 100 by 84.5 feet, clad with timber members and steel plate at the base. [21]

In 1976, as construction went on, the bridge was named for Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Defence of Fort M'Henry", the poem upon which "The Star-Spangled Banner" is based. Key was inspired to write the poem after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814. [22] Key had been aboard an American truce ship with the British Royal Navy fleet in Baltimore Harbor near Sollers Point; the approximate location is within 100 yards (91 m) of the bridge and marked by a buoy in the colors of the U.S. flag. [18] [23]

Operation

The Key Bridge opened to traffic on March 23, 1977. [24] Including its connecting approaches, the bridge project was 1.6 miles (2.57 km) in length with 8.7 miles (14.00 km) of approach road. [24] In 1978, the bridge received an Award of Merit from the American Institute of Steel Construction in the Long Span category. [17] In 1980, a cargo ship collided with the Key Bridge, but the bridge was relatively undamaged. [25]

The bridge opened with four lanes, but its approaches were two lanes to reduce costs. [14] The south approach was widened in 1983. A project for the north approach was completed in 1999 after several years of delays. [14] [26]

In July 2013, the toll for cars was $4. The bridge was part of the E-ZPass system and its toll plaza included two dedicated E-ZPass lanes in each direction. On October 30, 2019, the bridge's tolling went fully cashless; drivers paid via E-ZPass or video tolling. [27] [28]

Collapse

Ten hours after the collapse, remnants of the bridge's superstructure and roadway rest on Dali's bow Francis Scott Key Bridge and Cargo Ship Dali NTSB view.jpg
Ten hours after the collapse, remnants of the bridge's superstructure and roadway rest on Dali 's bow

On March 26, 2024, at 01:28 EDT (05:28 UTC), the main spans of the bridge collapsed after the Singapore-registered container ship MV Dali lost power [29] and collided with the southwest supporting pier of the main truss section. [30] [31] The NTSB noted that the Key Bridge was built before the introduction of redundant support structures, which are widely used in modern bridges and would have prevented such a collapse. [32]

Members of an eight-person maintenance crew working on the bridge are believed to be the only people injured or killed in the disaster. Six bodies were recovered, [33] [34] and two people were rescued,: one uninjured, the other transported to a hospital in critical condition. [35] [36] [37] A mayday distress call sent by the ship's crew just before the collision led police and bridge workers to halt traffic onto the bridge, likely saving many lives. [38]

The collapse, which blocked the Patapsco shipping channel, immediately halted almost all passenger and cargo shipping to the Port of Baltimore. Maryland Governor Wes Moore declared a state of emergency. [39] Economic losses were initially estimated at $15 million per day. Insurers are expected to incur multi-billion dollar losses for the damages, business disruptions, and liability claims. [40]

Three temporary channels were opened by April 20, allowing about 15% of pre-collapse shipping to pass. [41] A temporary deep-draft channel was opened on April 25, allowing some larger ships to enter and leave, [42] then closed on April 29, enabling salvage crews to resume removing bridge wreckage. [43]

2024 Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse labeled (en).svg
The collapsed part of the bridge includes the three spans under the metal truss, and three more to the northeast (right of image in Dundalk, Maryland). The left side of the image is Hawkins Point, Baltimore. [44]

In May, the authorities announced that they would use explosives to blow up most parts of the bridge. [45]

Replacement

Hours after the collapse, President Joe Biden said that the federal government would pay for the entire cost of reconstructing the bridge. [46] On May 2, 2024, Maryland Department of Transportation officials said they plan to replace the bridge by the fall of 2028 at an estimated cost of $1.7 billion to $1.9 billion. [7] The original bridge had cost $141 million to build, which is approximately $743 million in 2024 dollars. [47] [48]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Scott Key</span> American lawyer and poet (1779–1843)

Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer, author, and poet from Frederick, Maryland, best known as the author of the text of the American national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner". Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in 1814 during the War of 1812. He was inspired upon seeing the American flag still flying over the fort at dawn and wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry"; it was published within a week with the suggested tune of the popular song "To Anacreon in Heaven". The song with Key's lyrics became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and slowly gained in popularity as an unofficial anthem, finally achieving official status as the national anthem more than a century later under President Herbert Hoover.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate 95</span> U.S. East Coast Interstate Highway

Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, running from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Miami, Florida, north to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing between Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The highway largely parallels the Atlantic coast and US 1, except for the portion between Savannah, Georgia, and Washington, D.C., and the portion between Portland and Houlton in Maine, both of which follow a more direct inland route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</span> Suspension bridge in New York City

The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge is a suspension bridge connecting the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn. It spans the Narrows, a body of water linking the relatively enclosed New York Harbor with Lower New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only fixed crossing of the Narrows. The double-deck bridge carries 13 lanes of Interstate 278: seven on the upper level and six on the lower level. The span is named for Giovanni da Verrazzano, who in 1524 was the first European explorer to enter New York Harbor and the Hudson River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patapsco River</span> River in Maryland, United States

The Patapsco River mainstem is a 39-mile (63 km) river in central Maryland that flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore. With its South Branch, the Patapsco forms the northern border of Howard County, Maryland. The name "Patapsco" is derived from the Algonquian pota-psk-ut, which translates to "backwater" or "tide covered with froth".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate 895</span> Highway in Maryland

Interstate 895 (I-895) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Maryland. Known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, the highway runs 11.44 miles (18.41 km) between one junction with I-95 in Elkridge and another interchange with I-95 on the east side of Baltimore. I-895 is a toll road that crosses the Patapsco River estuary via the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel, connecting U.S. Route 1 (US 1), I-695, and the Baltimore–Washington Parkway in the southwestern suburbs of Baltimore with US 40 on the east side of Baltimore. In conjunction with a pair of spurs, unsigned I-895A and I-895B, I-895 provides access to the tunnel from I-97 and Maryland Route 2 (MD 2) in Glen Burnie. The highway is designed for through traffic by having partial interchanges that require vehicles from almost all starting points to pass through the tunnel and the tunnel toll plaza, where a $1.40-$6.00 toll is charged to passenger vehicles, before exiting the facility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chesapeake Bay Bridge</span> Bridge in Maryland, U.S., spanning the Chesapeake Bay

The Gov. William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bridge is a major dual-span bridge in the U.S. state of Maryland. Spanning the Chesapeake Bay, it connects the state's rural Eastern Shore region with its urban and suburban Western Shore, running between Stevensville and Sandy Point State Park near the capital city of Annapolis. The original span, opened in 1952 and with a length of 4 miles (6.4 km), was the world's longest continuous over-water steel structure. The parallel span was added in 1973. The bridge is named for William Preston Lane Jr., who as the 52nd Governor of Maryland launched its construction in the late 1940s after decades of political indecision and public controversy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate 695 (Maryland)</span> Highway in Maryland

Interstate 695 (I-695) is a 51.46-mile-long (82.82 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway that constitutes a beltway extending around Baltimore, Maryland, United States. I-695 is officially designated the McKeldin Beltway but is colloquially referred to as either the Baltimore Beltway or 695. The route is an auxiliary route of I-95, intersecting that route southwest of Baltimore near Arbutus and northeast of the city near White Marsh. It also intersects other major roads radiating from the Baltimore area, including I-97 near Glen Burnie, the Baltimore–Washington Parkway near Linthicum, I-70 near Woodlawn, I-795 near Pikesville, and I-83 in the Timonium area. Originally, a 19.37-mile (31.17 km) portion of the Baltimore Beltway between I-95 northeast of Baltimore and I-97 south of Baltimore was officially Maryland Route 695 (MD 695) and was not part of the Interstate Highway System but is signed as I-695. The Francis Scott Key Bridge that crossed over the Patapsco River was included in this section of the route before the bridge's collapse on March 26, 2024. The bridge and its approaches were maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA), while the remainder of the Baltimore Beltway is maintained by the Maryland State Highway Administration (MDSHA). The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved the redesignation of MD 695 as I-695 on April 29, 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort McHenry Tunnel</span> Tunnel in Baltimore

The Fort McHenry Tunnel is a four-tube, bi-directional tunnel that carries traffic on Interstate 95 (I-95) underneath the Baltimore Harbor. Named for nearby Fort McHenry, the tunnel is the lowest point in the Interstate Highway System under water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge</span> Bridge in Maryland and Perryville, Maryland

The Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge is a road bridge in northeast Maryland that crosses the Susquehanna River between Havre de Grace and Perryville via Garrett Island. It carries U.S. Route 40. It is the oldest of the eight toll facilities operated and maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority, and the southernmost automotive bridge across the Susquehanna.

The Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) is an independent state agency responsible for financing, constructing, operating, and maintaining eight transportation facilities, currently consisting of two toll roads, two tunnels, and four bridges in Maryland. It also provides the Maryland Department of Transportation with financing for other revenue producing transportation projects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanover Street Bridge</span> Bridge in Baltimore, Maryland

The Hanover Street Bridge, officially the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge, is a double leaf bascule bridge crossing the middle branch of the Patapsco River along Hanover Street in Baltimore, Maryland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate 95 in Maryland</span> Interstate Highway in Maryland

Interstate 95 (I-95) is an Interstate Highway running along the East Coast of the United States from Miami, Florida, north to the Canadian border at Houlton, Maine. In Maryland, the route is a major highway that runs 110.01 miles (177.04 km) diagonally from southwest to northeast, entering from the District of Columbia and Virginia at the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Potomac River, northeast to the Delaware state line near Elkton. It is the longest Interstate Highway within Maryland and is one of the most traveled Interstate Highways in the state, especially between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., despite alternate routes along the corridor, such as the Baltimore–Washington Parkway, U.S. Route 1 (US 1), and US 29. I-95 also has eight auxiliary routes in the state, the most of any state along the I-95 corridor. Portions of the highway, including the Fort McHenry Tunnel and the Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge, are tolled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baltimore Harbor Tunnel</span> Tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland, US

The Baltimore Harbor Tunnel is a pair of two-lane road tunnels carrying I-895 under the Patapsco River southeast of downtown Baltimore, Maryland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maryland Route 157</span> State highway in Baltimore County, Maryland, US

Maryland Route 157 is a state highway located in Baltimore County in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 4.79 miles (7.71 km) from MD 158 in Sparrows Point north to North Point Road in Dundalk. MD 157 is an L-shaped highway serves as the primary highway through Dundalk and from Dundalk to Interstate 695 (I-695). The two highways to which MD 157 is assigned, Merritt Boulevard and Peninsula Expressway, were constructed as a four-lane divided county highway in the early 1960s. In the late 1960s, Merritt Boulevard was extended as ramps to I-695 that also serve MD 151 and MD 150. MD 157 was assigned to the highway in Sparrows Point in the early 1990s and extended through Dundalk to its present northern terminus in the late 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maryland Transportation Authority Police</span> Law enforcement agency

The Maryland Transportation Authority Police is the eighth-largest law enforcement agency in the U.S. state of Maryland and is charged with providing law enforcement services on Maryland Transportation Authority highways and facilities throughout the state, in addition to contractual services that are provided at Baltimore–Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, and the Port of Baltimore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port of Baltimore</span> Cargo port in Baltimore, Maryland, US

The Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore is a shipping port along the tidal basins of the three branches of the Patapsco River in Baltimore, Maryland, on the upper northwest shore of the Chesapeake Bay. It is the nation's largest port facility for specialized cargo and passenger facilities. It is operated by the Maryland Port Administration (MPA), a unit of the Maryland Department of Transportation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse</span> 2024 bridge collapse near Baltimore, Maryland, US

On March 26, 2024, at 1:28 a.m. EDT, the main spans and the three nearest northeast approach spans of the Francis Scott Key Bridge across the Patapsco River in the Baltimore metropolitan area of Maryland, United States, collapsed after the container ship Dali struck one of its piers. Six members of a maintenance crew working on the roadway were killed, while two more were rescued from the river.

Baltimore Bridge could refer to any of several bridges in the Baltimore area of Maryland.

<i>Chesapeake 1000</i> Heavy lift crane ship built in 1972

Chesapeake 1000 is a heavy lift sheerleg crane ship, owned by Donjon Marine Co., capable of lifting 1,000 short tons. It is one of the largest boomable stiff-leg-derrick barges on the eastern seaboard of the United States.

The Francis Scott Key Bridgereplacement is a project to replace the Francis Scott Key Bridge in greater Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

References

  1. ↑ "What do we know about Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge?". Reuters. March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  2. ↑ "This Day in Maryland History: Francis Scott Key Bridge Opens in 1977". Preservation Maryland. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  3. ↑ Francis Scott Key Bridge at Structurae
  4. ↑ Clark, Tommie (August 29, 2024). "Firm chosen to proceed with plans to rebuild Key Bridge". WBAL. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Live updates: Rescuers search for people in the water after Baltimore's Key Bridge collapses". Washington Post. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  6. ↑ "Ship strikes major Baltimore bridge causing partial collapse". ABC News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  7. 1 2 Witte, Brian (May 2, 2024). "Maryland officials release timeline, cost estimate, for rebuilding bridge". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  8. ↑ Durkee, Jackson, World's Longest Bridge Spans Archived October 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine , National Steel Bridge Alliance, May 24, 1999.
  9. ↑ Maryland State Highway Administration (2007). "Highway Location Reference: Baltimore County" (PDF). Retrieved April 15, 2009.[ dead link ]
  10. ↑ Maryland State Highway Administration (2005). "Highway Location Reference: Baltimore City" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
  11. ↑ "Key Bridge News | MDTA". mdta.maryland.gov. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  12. 1 2 Ayres, Horace (June 10, 1972). "Last Hurdle Cleared For Harbor Bridge". The Baltimore Sun. p. 18. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ Kraus, Kathy (July 24, 1970). "Bids On Outer Harbor Tunnel $18 Million Over Estimates". The Baltimore Sun. p. C20. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  14. 1 2 3 Jensen, Peter (September 22, 1994). "I-695 Key Bridge approach to expand". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  15. ↑ Lynton, Stephen J. (January 7, 1971). "Tunnel Shaping Up As Bridge". The Baltimore Sun. p. D20. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "Bridge Wins Approval of Legislature". The Baltimore Sun. April 3, 1971. p. B18. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  17. 1 2 "1978 Prize Bridges". American Institute of Steel Construction. p. 25. Archived from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  18. 1 2 "Key Bridge (I-695)". Maryland Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  19. ↑ Orrick, Bentley (August 5, 1973). "Harbor crossing tops Bay Bridge in delay, overrun". The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ NTSB 2024, p. 20.
  21. ↑ NTSB 2024, p. 21.
  22. ↑ "Harbor Bridge Named For Francis Scott Key". The Baltimore Sun. June 22, 1976. p. C5. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ Read, Zoe (June 7, 2014). "Coast Guard celebrates 200th anniversary of Battle of Fort McHenry". Capital Gazette . Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  24. 1 2 "Key Bridge opens at 10 A.M. today". The Baltimore Sun. March 23, 1977. p. C6. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024– via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ Joel Rose; Nell Greenfieldboyce (March 26, 2024). "Questions arise amid the collapse of the Key bridge in Baltimore". All Things Considered . NPR. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Baltimore Beltway coming full circle; Divided lanes finished on the southeast arc". The Baltimore Sun. November 6, 1999. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Drivers Going Through Tolls At Hatem And Key Bridges Won't Be Able To Use Cash By Late October". Baltimore, MD: WJZ-TV. September 26, 2019. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  28. ↑ Fulginiti, Jenny (April 12, 2019). "Cashless tolls coming to Key, Hatem bridges in October". WBAL. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  29. ↑ "Wes Moore, Maryland's governor, said the cargo ship's crew told the authorities that they had lost power around the time that the ship struck the bridge". The New York Times. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  30. ↑ "Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after large boat collision". WTOP News. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  31. ↑ "Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after ship struck it, sending vehicles into water". March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  32. ↑ Cox, Erin; Jouvenal, Justin; Nguyen, Danny; hermann, Peter; Hilton, Jasmine (March 27, 2024). "Baltimore bridge collapse recovery team finds victims' likely vehicles" . The Washington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  33. ↑ Kugiya, Hugo (April 15, 2024). "Remains recovered of 4th missing victim of Key Bridge collapse". The Baltimore Banner. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
  34. ↑ Pannett, Rachel; Armus, Teo (May 2, 2024). "Body of fifth Baltimore bridge victim has been recovered, authorities say" . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  35. ↑ Cox, Erin; Jouvenal, Justin; Nguyen, Danny; Hermann, Peter; Hilton, Jasmine (March 27, 2024). "Baltimore bridge collapse recovery team finds victims' likely vehicles". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  36. ↑ Jensen, Cassidy; Lora, Maya (April 5, 2024). "Body of Key Bridge victim Maynor Suazo Sandoval recovered on Friday, family says". The Baltimore Sun . Archived from the original on April 5, 2024. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse live updates: Coast Guard says finding survivors unlikely". NBC News. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  38. ↑ "WATCH: Maryland Gov. Wes Moore says mayday call helped limit traffic on collapsed Key Bridge". PBS NewsHour. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  39. ↑ "Key Bridge collapse: What we know about structure's history, traffic". baltimoresun.com. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  40. ↑ Simpson, Jack (March 28, 2024). "Baltimore bridge collapse could lead to record insurance loss, says Lloyd's boss". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  41. ↑ "Third temporary channel opens for vessels to Baltimore port after bridge collapse". AP News. April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
  42. ↑ Skene, Lea (April 25, 2024). "New deep-water channel allows first ship to pass Key Bridge wreckage in Baltimore". Baltimore Banner. AP. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  43. ↑ 35-foot-deep temporary channel closes at Key Bridge collapse site, Jeffery Bozzi, April 29, 2024
  44. ↑ Alonso, Melissa; Wolfe, Elizabeth; Mascarenhas, Lauren (March 26, 2024). "Cargo ship lost power before colliding with Baltimore bridge; 6 remain missing after collapse". CNN. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  45. ↑ Pashby, Tom (May 14, 2024). "Baltimore bridge collapse | US Army uses explosives to remove bridge section from boat". New Civil Engineer.
  46. ↑ "Biden pledges support for Baltimore in wake of Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse". ABC News. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  47. ↑ Peo, Cassie (March 26, 2024). "The history of Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge". Capital News Service .
  48. ↑ "New Bridge Bypasses The Baltimore Tunnel". The New York Times . March 27, 1977. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.